Chromodoris

Chromodoris

Chromodoris lochi
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
(unranked):	clade Heterobranchia clade Euthyneura clade Nudipleura clade Nudibranchia
Superfamily:	Doridoidea
Family:	Chromodorididae
Genus:	Chromodoris Alder & Hancock, 1855^[1]
Type species
Doris magnifica Quoy & Gaimard, 1832
Species
See text
Synonyms
Actinodoris Ehrenberg, 1831 (Invalid: Placed on the Official Index by ICZN Opinion 1375)

Chromodoris is a genus of very colourful sea slugs or dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Chromodorididae.^[2] A molecular phylogeny of the family Chromodorididae resulted in this genus being restricted to a smaller number of species than formerly, most of which have longitudinal black lines on the mantle. Many former members of Chromodoris were transferred to Goniobranchus.^[3]

Species

Species in the genus Chromodoris include:

Chromodoris africana Eliot, 1904
Chromodoris aila Er. Marcus, 1961
Chromodoris albolimbata Bergh, 1907
Chromodoris albonotata Bergh, 1875
Chromodoris alternata Burn, 1957
Chromodoris ambigua Rudman, 1987
Chromodoris annae Bergh, 1877
Chromodoris aspersa Gould, 1852
Chromodoris barnardi (Collingwood, 1868)
Chromodoris bimaensis Bergh, 1905
Chromodoris boucheti Rudman, 1982
Chromodoris briqua Marcus & Burch, 1965
Chromodoris buchananae Gosliner & Behrens, 2000
Chromodoris burni Rudman, 1982
Chromodoris camoena Bergh, 1879
Chromodoris cardinalis Bergh, 1880
Chromodoris colemani Rudman, 1982
Chromodoris dianae Gosliner & Behrens, 1998
Chromodoris dictya Er. Marcus & Ev. Marcus, 1970
Chromodoris elisabethina Bergh, 1877
Chromodoris euelpis Bergh, 1907
Chromodoris fentoni Valdés, Gatdula, Sheridan & Herrera, 2011
Chromodoris grahami Thompson, 1980
Chromodoris hamiltoni Rudman, 1977
Chromodoris inconspicua Eliot, 1904
Chromodoris inopinata Bergh, 1905
Chromodoris joshi Gosliner & Behrens, 1998
Chromodoris kuiteri Rudman, 1982
Chromodoris lapinigensis Bergh, 1879
Chromodoris lata Risbec, 1928
Chromodoris lentiginosa Pease, 1871
Chromodoris lineolata Hasselt, 1824
Chromodoris lochi Rudman, 1982
Chromodoris magnifica Quoy & Gaimard, 1832 : Type species.
Chromodoris mandapamensis Valdes, Mollo, & Ortea, 1999
Chromodoris mariana Bergh, 1890
Chromodoris marpessa Bergh, 1905
Chromodoris michaeli Gosliner & Behrens, 1998
Chromodoris nodulosa Bergh, 1905
Chromodoris nona (Baba, 1953)
Chromodoris ophthalmica Bergh, 1905
Chromodoris orientalis Rudman, 1983
Chromodoris pantharella Bergh, 1879
Chromodoris papulosa Bergh, 1905
Chromodoris paulomarcioi Dominguez, Garcia & Troncoso, 2006
Chromodoris paupera Bergh, 1877
Chromodoris perola Ev. Marcus, 1976
Chromodoris porcata Bergh, 1889
Chromodoris pustulans Bergh, 1877
Chromodoris quadricolor Rueppell & Leuckart, 1828
Chromodoris roseopicta Verrill, 1900
Chromodoris rudolphi Bergh, 1880
Chromodoris splendens Eliot, 1904
Chromodoris striatella Bergh, 1877
Chromodoris strigata Rudman, 1982
Chromodoris tenuilinearis Farran, 1905
Chromodoris tenuis Collingwood, 1881
Chromodoris thompsoni Rudman, 1983
Chromodoris trouilloti Risbec, 1928
Chromodoris venusta Bergh, 1905
Chromodoris virginea Bergh, 1877
Chromodoris westraliensis O'Donoghue, 1924
Chromodoris willani Rudman, 1982

Synonyms

Chromodoris albonares Rudman, 1990: synonym of Goniobranchus albonares (Rudman, 1990)
Chromodoris albopunctata Garrett, 1879: synonym of Goniobranchus albopunctatus Garrett, 1879
Chromodoris albopustulosa Pease, 1860: synonym of Goniobranchus albopustulosus (Pease, 1860)
Chromodoris alius Rudman, 1987: synonym of Goniobranchus alius (Rudman, 1987)
Chromodoris agassizii: synonym of Felimare agassizii (Bergh, 1894)
Chromodoris annulata Eliot, 1904: synonym of Goniobranchus annulatus (Eliot, 1904)
Chromodoris antonii: synonym of Mexichromis antonii (Bertsch, 1976)
Chromodoris aureomarginata Cheeseman, 1881: synonym of Goniobranchus aureomarginatus (Cheeseman, 1881)
Chromodoris aureopurpurea Collingwood, 1881: synonym of Goniobranchus aureopurpureus (Collingwood, 1881)
Chromodoris aurigera Rudman, 1990: synonym of Goniobranchus aurigerus (Rudman, 1990)
Chromodoris australis: synonym of Thorunna australis (Risbec, 1928)
Chromodoris banksi: synonym of Glossodoris dalli (Bergh, 1879)
Chromodoris baumanni Bertsch, 1970: synonym of Glossodoris baumanni (Bertsch, 1970)
Chromodoris bennetti: synonym of Hypselodoris bennetti (Angas, 1864)
Chromodoris binza Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1963: synonym of Felimida binza (Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1963)
Chromodoris bistellata: synonym of Aphelodoris antillensis
Chromodoris britoi Ortea & Pérez, 1983: synonym of Felimida britoi (Ortea & Perez, 1983)
Chromodoris bullocki: synonym of Hypselodoris bullocki
Chromodoris californiensis: synonym of Hypselodoris californiensis
Chromodoris cantrainii Bergh, 1879: synonym of Felimare picta (Schultz in Philippi, 1836)
Chromodoris carnea: synonym of Hypselodoris carnea
Chromodoris cazae Gosliner & Behrens, 2004: synonym of Goniobranchus cazae (Gosliner & Behrens, 2004)
Chromodoris charlottae Schrödl, 1999: synonym of Goniobranchus charlottae (Schrödl, 1999)
Chromodoris clenchi Russell, 1935 - the harlequin blue doris: synonym of Felimida clenchi (Russell, 1935)
Chromodoris clitonota Bergh, 1905: synonym of Durvilledoris lemniscata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)
Chromodoris coi Risbec, 1956: synonym of Goniobranchus coi (Risbec, 1956)
Chromodoris collingwoodi Rudman, 1987: synonym of Goniobranchus collingwoodi (Rudman, 1987)
Chromodoris conchyliata Yonow, 1984: synonym of Goniobranchus conchyliatus (Yonow, 1984)
Chromodoris dalli: synonym of Glossodoris dalli (Bergh, 1879)
Chromodoris daphne Angas, 1864: synonym of Goniobranchus daphne (Angas, 1864)
Chromodoris decora Pease, 1860: synonym of Goniobranchus decorus (Pease, 1860)
Chromodoris dollfusi: synonym of Hypselodoris dollfusi
Chromodoris elegans (Cantraine, 1835): synonym of Felimare picta (Schultz in Philippi, 1836)
Chromodoris elegantula Philippi, 1844: synonym of Felimida elegantula (Philippi, 1844)
Chromodoris epicuria Basedow & Hedley, 1905: synonym of Goniobranchus epicurius (Basedow & Hedley, 1905)
Chromodoris festiva: synonym of Mexichromis festiva (Angas, 1864)
Chromodoris fidelis Kelaart, 1858: synonym of Goniobranchus fidelis (Kelaart, 1858)
Chromodoris flava: synonym of Diversidoris flava (Eliot, 1904)
Chromodoris francoisae: synonym of Mexichromis francoisae (Bouchet, 1980)
Chromodoris galactos Rudman & Johnson in Rudman, 1985: synonym of Goniobranchus galactos (Rudman & S. Johnson, 1985)
Chromodoris galexorum Bertsch, 1978: synonym of Felimida galexorum (Bertsch, 1978)
Chromodoris geminus Rudman, 1987: synonym of Goniobranchus geminus (Rudman, 1987)
Chromodoris geometrica Risbec, 1928: synonym of Goniobranchus geometricus (Risbec, 1928)
Chromodoris ghanensis: synonym of Glossodoris ghanensis
Chromodoris ghardagana [sic]: synonym of Hypselodoris ghardaqana (Gohar & Aboul-Ela, 1957)
Chromodoris gleniei Kelaart, 1858: synonym of Goniobranchus gleniei (Kelaart, 1858)
Chromodoris godeffroyana: synonym of Risbecia godeffroyana
Chromodoris goslineri Ortea & Valdés in Ortea, Valdés & Garcia Gómez, 1996: synonym of Felimida goslineri (Ortea & Valdés, 1996)
Chromodoris haliclona: synonym of Noumea haliclona
Chromodoris heatherae Gosliner, 1994 - Red-spotted nudibranch: synonym of Goniobranchus heatherae (Gosliner, 1994)
Chromodoris hintuanensis Gosliner & Behrens, 1998: synonym of Goniobranchus hintuanensis (Gosliner & Behrens, 1998)
Chromodoris hunterae Rudman, 1983: synonym of Goniobranchus hunterae (Rudman, 1983)
Chromodoris imperialis: synonym of Risbecia imperialis (Pease, 1860)
Chromodoris kempfi: synonym of Mexichromis kempfi
Chromodoris kitae Gosliner, 1994: synonym of Goniobranchus kitae (Gosliner, 1994)
Chromodoris kpone Edmunds, 1981: synonym of Felimida kpone (Edmunds, 1981)
Chromodoris krohni Vérany, 1846: synonym of Felimida krohni (Vérany, 1846)
Chromodoris kuniei Pruvot-Fol, 1930: synonym of Goniobranchus kuniei (Pruvot-Fol, 1930)
Chromodoris lekker Gosliner, 1994: synonym of Goniobranchus lekker (Gosliner, 1994)
Chromodoris lemniscata: synonym of Durvilledoris lemniscata
Chromodoris leopardus: synonym of Goniobranchus leopardus Rudman, 1987
Chromodoris lilacina (Gould, 1852): synonym of Tayuva lilacina (Gould, 1852)
Chromodoris lineata nigrolineata: synonym of Hypselodoris nigrolineata
Chromodoris loringi Angas, 1864: synonym of Goniobranchus loringi (Angas, 1864)
Chromodoris luteopunctata Gantes, 1962: synonym of Felimida luteopunctata (Gantès, 1962)
Chromodoris luteorosea Rapp, 1827: synonym of Felimida luteorosea (Rapp, 1827)
Chromodoris macfarlandi Cockerell, 1901 - Three-stripe doris: synonym of Felimida macfarlandi (Cockerell, 1901)
Chromodoris maculosa: synonym of Hypselodoris maculosa
Chromodoris marenzelleri Bergh, 1888: synonym of Hypselodoris festiva (A. Adams, 1861)
Chromodoris mariei: synonym of Mexichromis mariei
Chromodoris marislae Bertsch in Bertsch, Ferreira, Farmer, & Hayes, 1973: synonym of Felimida marislae (Bertsch, 1973)
Chromodoris maritimais a: synonym of Hypselodoris maritima
Chromodoris multimaculosa Rudman, 1987: synonym of Goniobranchus multimaculosus (Rudman, 1987)
Chromodoris naiki Valdes, Mollo, & Ortea, 1999: synonym of Goniobranchus naiki (Valdés, Mollo & Ortea, 1999)
Chromodoris neona Marcus, 1955: synonym of Felimida neona (Er. Marcus, 1955)
Chromodoris nigrostriata a: synonym of Hypselodoris nigrostriata
Chromodoris norrisi Farmer, 1963: synonym of Felimida norrisi (Farmer, 1963)
Chromodoris nyalya: synonym of Hypselodoris nyalya (Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1967)
Chromodoris obsoleta Rüppell & Leuckart, 1831: synonym of Goniobranchus obsoletus (Rüppell & Leuckart, 1831)
Chromodoris orsinii: synonym of Felimare orsinii
Chromodoris peasei: synonym of Hypselodoris peasei
Chromodoris perplexa: synonym of Digidentis perplexa
Chromodoris petechialis Gould, 1852: synonym of Goniobranchus petechialis (Gould, 1852)
Chromodoris placida: synonym of Hypselodoris placida
Chromodoris porterae: synonym of Mexichromis porterae
Chromodoris ponga Er. Marcus & Ev. Marcus, 1970: synonym of Felimida ponga (Er. Marcus & Ev. Marcus, 1970)
Chromodoris preciosa Kelaart, 1858: synonym of Goniobranchus preciosus (Kelaart, 1858)
Chromodoris purpurea Risso in Guerin, 1831: synonym of Felimida purpurea (Risso in Guérin, 1831)
Chromodoris pusilla: synonym of Durvilledoris pusilla
Chromodoris regalis Ortea, Caballer & Moro, 2001: synonym of Felimida regalis (Ortea, Caballer & Moro, 2001)
Chromodoris reticulata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1832) : synonym of Goniobranchus reticulatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)
Chromodoris roboi Gosliner & Behrens, 1998: synonym of Goniobranchus roboi (Gosliner & Behrens, 1998)
Chromodoris rodomaculata Ortea & Valdés, 1991: synonym of Felimida rodomaculata (Ortea & Valdés, 1992)
Chromodoris rolani Ortea, 1988: synonym of Felimida rolani (Ortea, 1988)
Chromodoris rosans Bergh, 1889: synonym of Hypselodoris rosans (Bergh, 1889)
Chromodoris rubrocornuta Rudman, 1985: synonym of Goniobranchus rubrocornutus (Rudman, 1985)
Chromodoris rufomaculata Pease, 1871: synonym of Goniobranchus rufomaculatus (Pease, 1871)
Chromodoris rufomarginata (Bergh, 1890): synonym of Glossodoris rufomarginata (Bergh, 1890)
Chromodoris runcinata Bergh, 1877: synonym of Hypselodoris infucata (Rüppell & Leuckart, 1831)
Chromodoris ruzafai Ortea, Bacallado, & Valdes, 1992: synonym of Felimida ruzafai (Ortea, Bacallado & Valdés, 1992)
Chromodoris saintvincentius: synonym of Hypselodoris saintvincentius
Chromodoris sedna: synonym of Glossodoris sedna
Chromodoris semperi nigrostriata: synonym of Hypselodoris nigrostriata
Chromodoris sibogae: synonym of Glossodoris sibogae
Chromodoris sinensis Rudman, 1985: synonym of Goniobranchus sinensis (Rudman, 1985)
Chromodoris socorroensis Behrens, Gosliner & Hermosillo, 2009: synonym of Felimida socorroensis (Behrens, Gosliner & Hermosillo, 2009)
Chromodoris sonora: synonym of Glossodoris dalli
Chromodoris sphoni Marcus, 1971: synonym of Felimida sphoni Ev. Marcus, 1971
Chromodoris splendida: synonym of Goniobranchus splendidus Angas, 1864
Chromodoris tasmaniensis Bergh, 1905: synonym of Goniobranchus tasmaniensis (Bergh, 1905)
Chromodoris tennentana Kelaart, 1859 -: synonyms: Chromodoris cavae Eliot, 1904; Chromodoris vicina: synonym of Goniobranchus tennentanus (Kelaart, 1859)
Chromodoris tinctoria Rüppell & Leuckart, 1831 -: synonyms: Chromodoris alderi, Chromodoris reticulata: synonym of Goniobranchus tinctorius (Rüppell & Leuckart, 1828)
Chromodoris tricolor: synonym of Hypselodoris tricolor
Chromodoris trimarginata Winckworth, 1946: synonym of Goniobranchus trimarginatus (Winckworth, 1946)
Chromodoris tritos Yonow, 1994: synonym of Goniobranchus tritos (Yonow, 1994)
Chromodoris tryoni: synonym of Risbecia tryoni
Chromodoris tumulifera Collingwood, 1881: synonym of Goniobranchus tumuliferus (Collingwood, 1881)
Chromodoris tura: synonym of Mexichromis tura
Chromodoris varians: synonym of Noumea varians
Chromodoris verrieri Crosse, 1875: synonym of Goniobranchus verrieri (Crosse, 1875)
Chromodoris vibrata Pease, 1860: synonym of Goniobranchus vibratus (Pease, 1860)
Chromodoris villafranca: synonym of Felimare villafranca
Chromodoris westralensis [sic]: synonym of Chromodoris westraliensis (O'Donoghue, 1924)
Chromodoris woodwardi Rudman, 1983: synonym of Goniobranchus woodwardae (Rudman, 1983)
Chromodoris youngbleuthi: synonym of Glossodoris rufomarginata
Chromodoris zebra: synonym of Felimare zebra
Chromodoris zebrina: synonym of Hypselodoris zebrina

References

SEM images of the radula can be found at Thompson; Bebbington (1973). "Scanning electron microscope studies of gastropod radulae". Malacologia 14: 147–165.

↑ Alder J. & Hancock A. (1855). A monograph of the British nudibranchiate Mollusca: with figures of all the species. The Ray Society, London. Part 7, Appendix xvii.
↑ Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2010). Chromodoris Alder & Hancock, 1855. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 21 July 2012
↑ Johnson R.F. & Gosliner T.M. (2012) Traditional taxonomic groupings mask evolutionary history: A molecular phylogeny and new classification of the chromodorid nudibranchs. PLoS ONE 7(4): e33479

Rudman W.B. (1977) Chromodorid opisthobranch Mollusca from East Africa and the tropical West Pacific. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 61: 351-397
Rudman W.B. (1984) The Chromodorididae (Opisthobranchia: Mollusca) of the Indo-West Pacific: a review of the genera. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 81 (2/3): 115-273 page(s): 130
Vaught, K.C. (1989). A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). ISBN 0-915826-22-4. XII, 195 pp.
Rudman W.B. & Darvell B.W. (1990) Opisthobranch molluscs of Hong Kong: Part 1. Goniodorididae, Onchidorididae, Triophidae, Gymnodorididae, Chromodorididae (Nudibranchia). Asian Marine Biology 7: 31-79 page(s): 55
Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213
Johnson R.F. & Gosliner T.M. (2012) Traditional taxonomic groupings mask evolutionary history: A molecular phylogeny and new classification of the chromodorid nudibranchs. PLoS ONE 7(4): e33479

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