Chromosome 19 (human)

Chromosome 19 (human)

Pair of human chromosome 19 (after G-banding).
One is from mother, one is from father.

Chromosome 19 pair in human male karyogram.
Features
Length (bp) 58,617,616 bp[1]
Number of genes 2,188 [2]
2,670[3]
Type Autosome
Centromere position Metacentric[4]
Identifiers
RefSeq NC_000019
GenBank CM000681
Map of Chromosome 19
Ideogram of human chromosome 19. Mbp means mega base pair. See locus for other notation.

Chromosome 19 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 19 spans more than 58.6 million base pairs, the building material of DNA.

Identifying genes on each chromosome is an active area of genetic research. Because researchers use different approaches to predict the number of genes on each chromosome, the estimated number of genes varies. Depending on the genome annotation used, chromosome 19 contains 2,188 or 2,670 genes,[2][3] and chromosome 19 thereby has the highest gene density of all the 23 chromosomes.

Genes

The following are some of the genes located on chromosome 19:

Short arm

Long arm

Diseases and disorders

The following diseases are some of those related to genes on chromosome 19:[7]

References

  1. "Homo sapiens chromosome 19, GRCh37.p13 Primary Assembly". Nucleotide. National Center for Biotechnology Information. NC_000019.10.
  2. 1 2 "Homo sapiens (human) Chromosome 19". NCBI Map Viewer. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved October 17, 2013.
  3. 1 2 "Homo sapiens: Chromosome summary: Chromosome 19: 1-58,617,616". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. Vega Genome Browser 58. Retrieved November 2014.
  4. "Table 2.3: Human chromosome groups". Human Molecular Genetics (2nd ed.). Garland Science. 1999.
  5. Bearer EL, Chen AF, Chen AH, Li Z, Mark HF, Smith RJ, Jackson CL (2000). "2E4/Kaptin (KPTN)—a candidate gene for the hearing loss locus, DFNA4". Ann Hum Genet 64 (3): 189–196. doi:10.1046/j.1469-1809.2000.6430189.x. PMC 3376086. PMID 11409409.
  6. 1 2 Dean, L. (2005). "Ch. 5: The ABO blood group". Blood Groups and Red Cell Antigens. Bethesda MD: National Center for Biotechnology Information. NBK2261.
  7. Gilbert F (1997). "Disease genes and chromosomes: disease maps of the human genome. Chromosome 19". Genet Test 1 (2): 145–9. doi:10.1089/gte.1997.1.145. PMID 10464639.
  8. Moss, K (Spring 2001). "Leber's Congenital Amaurosis". Texas Deafblind Outreach. Texas School for the Blind and Visually Impaired. Archived from the original on November 19, 2013.
  • Grimwood J, Gordon LA, Olsen A, Terry A, Schmutz J, Lamerdin J, Hellsten U, Goodstein D, Couronne O, Tran-Gyamfi M, Aerts A, Altherr M, Ashworth L, Bajorek E, Black S, Branscomb E, Caenepeel S, Carrano A, Caoile C, Chan YM, Christensen M, Cleland CA, Copeland A, Dalin E, Dehal P, Denys M, Detter JC, Escobar J, Flowers D, Fotopulos D, Garcia C, Georgescu AM, Glavina T, Gomez M, Gonzales E, Groza M, Hammon N, Hawkins T, Haydu L, Ho I, Huang W, Israni S, Jett J, Kadner K, Kimball H, Kobayashi A, Larionov V, Leem SH, Lopez F, Lou Y, Lowry S, Malfatti S, Martinez D, McCready P, Medina C, Morgan J, Nelson K, Nolan M, Ovcharenko I, Pitluck S, Pollard M, Popkie AP, Predki P, Quan G, Ramirez L, Rash S, Retterer J, Rodriguez A, Rogers S, Salamov A, Salazar A, She X, Smith D, Slezak T, Solovyev V, Thayer N, Tice H, Tsai M, Ustaszewska A, Vo N, Wagner M, Wheeler J, Wu K, Xie G, Yang J, Dubchak I, Furey TS, DeJong P, Dickson M, Gordon D, Eichler EE, Pennacchio LA, Richardson P, Stubbs L, Rokhsar DS, Myers RM, Rubin EM, Lucas SM (2004). "The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19". Nature 428 (6982): 529–35. doi:10.1038/nature02399. PMID 15057824. 
  • Human Proteome Project Launch website~ http://www.hupo.org/research/hpp/HPP_legrain_sep_2010.pdf
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