ATP1A3

ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, alpha 3 polypeptide
Identifiers
Symbols	ATP1A3 ; AHC2; CAPOS; DYT12; RDP
External IDs	OMIM: 182350 MGI: 88107 HomoloGene: 113729 ChEMBL: 4052 GeneCards: ATP1A3 Gene
EC number	3.6.3.9
Gene ontology Molecular function • sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity • ATP binding • D1 dopamine receptor binding • metal ion binding • chaperone binding • steroid hormone binding Cellular component • nucleus • endoplasmic reticulum • Golgi apparatus • plasma membrane • sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase complex • integral component of membrane • axon • myelin sheath • dendritic spine neck • dendritic spine head • synapse • extracellular vesicle Biological process • cellular sodium ion homeostasis • memory • metabolic process • adult locomotory behavior • visual learning • potassium ion import • cellular potassium ion homeostasis • ion transmembrane transport • ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway • sodium ion export from cell • response to drug • transmembrane transport • cellular response to steroid hormone stimulus • cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction • response to glycoside Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	478	232975
Ensembl	ENSG00000105409	ENSMUSG00000040907
UniProt	P13637	Q6PIC6
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001256213	NM_001290469
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001243142	NP_001277398
Location (UCSC)	Chr 19: 41.97 – 42 Mb	Chr 7: 24.98 – 25.01 Mb
PubMed search

Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP1A3 gene.^[1][2]

Function

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type cation transport ATPases, and to the subfamily of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPases. Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase is an integral membrane protein responsible for establishing and maintaining the electrochemical gradients of Na and K ions across the plasma membrane. These gradients are essential for osmoregulation, for sodium-coupled transport of a variety of organic and inorganic molecules, and for electrical excitability of nerve and muscle. This enzyme is composed of two subunits, a large catalytic subunit (alpha) and a smaller glycoprotein subunit (beta). The catalytic subunit of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase is encoded by multiple genes. This gene encodes an alpha 3 subunit.^[2]

Clinical significance

Mutations in ATP1A3 are often seen in rapid-onset dystonia–parkinsonism (RDP) (also known as DYT12), and genetic testing is recommended in patients where this diagnosis is suspected.

In mice, mutations in this gene are associated with epilepsy. By manipulating this gene in the offspring of such mice, epilepsy can be avoided.^[3]

This gene is the likely genetic cause of alternating hemiplegia of childhood.^[4]

References

1. Brashear A, Dobyns WB, de Carvalho Aguiar P, Borg M, Frijns CJ, Gollamudi S, Green A, Guimaraes J, Haake BC, Klein C, Linazasoro G, Münchau A, Raymond D, Riley D, Saunders-Pullman R, Tijssen MA, Webb D, Zaremba J, Bressman SB, Ozelius LJ (Mar 2007). "The phenotypic spectrum of rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism (RDP) and mutations in the ATP1A3 gene". Brain 130 (Pt 3): 828–35. doi:10.1093/brain/awl340. PMID 17282997.
2. "Entrez Gene: ATP1A3 ATPase, Na⁺/K⁺ transporting, alpha 3 polypeptide".
3. Clapcote SJ, Duffy S, Xie G, Kirshenbaum G, Bechard AR, Rodacker Schack V, Petersen J, Sinai L, Saab BJ, Lerch JP, Minassian BA, Ackerley CA, Sled JG, Cortez MA, Henderson JT, Vilsen B, Roder JC (August 2009). "Mutation I810N in the alpha3 isoform of Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase causes impairments in the sodium pump and hyperexcitability in the CNS". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106 (33): 14085–90. doi:10.1073/pnas.0904817106. PMC 2729024. PMID 19666602.
4. Heinzen EL, Swoboda KJ, Hitomi Y, Gurrieri F, Nicole S, de Vries B, Tiziano FD, Fontaine B, Walley NM, Heavin S, Panagiotakaki E, Fiori S, Abiusi E, Di Pietro L, Sweney MT, Newcomb TM, Viollet L, Huff C, Jorde LB, Reyna SP, Murphy KJ, Shianna KV, Gumbs CE, Little L, Silver K, Ptáček LJ, Haan J, Ferrari MD, Bye AM, Herkes GK, Whitelaw CM, Webb D, Lynch BJ, Uldall P, King MD, Scheffer IE, Neri G, Arzimanoglou A, van den Maagdenberg AM, Sisodiya SM, Mikati MA, Goldstein DB (July 2012). "De novo mutations in ATP1A3 cause alternating hemiplegia of childhood". Nat Genet 44 (9): 1030–4. doi:10.1038/ng.2358. PMC 3442240. PMID 22842232.

Further reading

• Lingrel JB, Orlowski J, Shull MM, Price EM (1990). "Molecular genetics of Na,K-ATPase". Prog. Nucleic Acid Res. Mol. Biol. Progress in Nucleic Acid Research and Molecular Biology 38: 37–89. doi:10.1016/S0079-6603(08)60708-4. ISBN 978-0-12-540038-1. PMID 2158121.
• Sverdlov ED, Monastyrskaia GS, Broude NE, Ushkarev IuA, Melkov AM (1988). "The family of human Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase genes. Structure of the gene for isozyme alphaII" [The family of human Na⁺,⁺-ATPase genes. Structure of the gene for isozyme alphaII]. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 297 (6): 1488–94. PMID 2834163.
• Monastyrskaya GS, Broude NE, Melkov AM, Malyshev IV, Allikmets RL, Kostina MB, Dulubova IE (1988). "Family of human Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase genes. Structure of the gene for the catalytic subunit (alpha III-form) and its relationship with structural features of the protein". FEBS Lett. 233 (1): 87–94. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(88)81361-9. PMID 2838329.
• Yang-Feng TL, Schneider JW, Lindgren V, Shull MM, Benz EJ, Lingrel JB, Francke U (1988). "Chromosomal localization of human Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase alpha- and beta-subunit genes". Genomics 2 (2): 128–38. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(88)90094-8. PMID 2842249.
• Sverdlov ED, Broude NE, Sverdlov VE, Monastyrskaya GS, Grishin AV, Petrukhin KE, Akopyanz NS, Modyanov NN (1987). "Family of Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase genes. Intra-individual tissue-specific restriction fragment length polymorphism". FEBS Lett. 221 (1): 129–33. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(87)80366-6. PMID 2887455.
• Harley HG, Brook JD, Jackson CL, Glaser T, Walsh KV, Sarfarazi M, Kent R, Lager M, Koch M, Harper PS (1989). "Localization of a human Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase alpha subunit gene to chromosome 19q12----q13.2 and linkage to the myotonic dystrophy locus". Genomics 3 (4): 380–4. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(88)90131-0. PMID 2907504.
• Monastyrskaya GS, Broude NE, Allikmets RL, Melkov AM, Malyshev IV, Dulubova IE, Petrukhin KE (1987). "The family of human Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase genes. A partial nucleotide sequence related to the alpha-subunit". FEBS Lett. 213 (1): 73–80. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(87)81467-9. PMID 3030810.
• Shull MM, Lingrel JB (1987). "Multiple genes encode the human Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase catalytic subunit". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84 (12): 4039–43. doi:10.1073/pnas.84.12.4039. PMC 305017. PMID 3035563.
• Sverdlov ED, Monastyrskaya GS, Broude NE, Allikmets RL, Melkov AM, Malyshev IV, Dulobova IE, Petrukhin KE (1987). "The family of human Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase genes. No less than five genes and/or pseudogenes related to the alpha-subunit". FEBS Lett. 217 (2): 275–8. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(87)80677-4. PMID 3036582.
• Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
• Kramer PL, Mineta M, Klein C, Schilling K, de Leon D, Farlow MR, Breakefield XO, Bressman SB, Dobyns WB, Ozelius LJ, Brashear A (1999). "Rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism: linkage to chromosome 19q13". Ann. Neurol. 46 (2): 176–82. doi:10.1002/1531-8249(199908)46:2<176::AID-ANA6>3.0.CO;2-2. PMID 10443882.
• Esplin MS, Fausett MB, Faux DS, Graves SW (2003). "Changes in the isoforms of the sodium pump in the placenta and myometrium of women in labor". Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 188 (3): 759–64. doi:10.1067/mob.[phone]. PMID 12634653.
• de Carvalho Aguiar P, Sweadner KJ, Penniston JT, Zaremba J, Liu L, Caton M, Linazasoro G, Borg M, Tijssen MA, Bressman SB, Dobyns WB, Brashear A, Ozelius LJ (2004). "Mutations in the Na⁺/⁺-ATPase alpha3 gene ATP1A3 are associated with rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism". Neuron 43 (2): 169–75. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2004.06.028. PMID 15260953.
• Benfante R, Antonini RA, Vaccari M, Flora A, Chen F, Clementi F, Fornasari D (2005). "The expression of the human neuronal α3 Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase subunit gene is regulated by the activity of the Sp1 and NF-Y transcription factors". Biochem. J. 386 (Pt 1): 63–72. doi:10.1042/BJ20041294. PMC 1134767. PMID 15462673.
• Lim J, Hao T, Shaw C, Patel AJ, Szabó G, Rual JF, Fisk CJ, Li N, Smolyar A, Hill DE, Barabási AL, Vidal M, Zoghbi HY (2006). "A protein-protein interaction network for human inherited ataxias and disorders of Purkinje cell degeneration". Cell 125 (4): 801–14. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.03.032. PMID 16713569.

External links

• GeneReview/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Rapid-Onset Dystonia Parkinsonism