GNAT1

Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha transducing activity polypeptide 1

PDB rendering based on 1fqj.

Available structures

Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB

List of PDB id codes
3RBQ

Identifiers

Symbols

GNAT1 ; CSNB1G; CSNBAD3; GBT1; GNATR

External IDs

OMIM: 139330 MGI: 95778 HomoloGene: 20084 GeneCards: GNAT1 Gene

Gene ontology
Molecular function	• acyl binding • G-protein coupled receptor binding • GTPase activity • signal transducer activity • GTP binding • GDP binding • protein kinase binding • G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding • metal ion binding
Cellular component	• photoreceptor outer segment • photoreceptor inner segment • cytosol • heterotrimeric G-protein complex • plasma membrane • membrane • apical plasma membrane • photoreceptor connecting cilium • photoreceptor outer segment membrane • neuronal cell body • photoreceptor disc membrane
Biological process	• detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste • signal transduction • adenylate cyclase-modulating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway • visual perception • phototransduction, visible light • metabolic process • cell proliferation • response to light stimulus • response to light intensity • rhodopsin mediated signaling pathway • regulation of rhodopsin mediated signaling pathway • eye photoreceptor cell development • detection of light stimulus involved in visual perception • sensory perception of umami taste • positive regulation of cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity • negative regulation of cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity • retina development in camera-type eye • cellular response to electrical stimulus
Sources: Amigo / QuickGO

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

RefSeq (mRNA)

RefSeq (protein)

Location (UCSC)

Chr 3:
50.19 – 50.2 Mb

Chr 9:
107.67 – 107.68 Mb

PubMed search

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(t) subunit alpha-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNAT1 gene.^[1]

Transducin is a 3-subunit guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) which stimulates the coupling of rhodopsin and cGMP-phoshodiesterase during visual impulses. The transducin alpha subunits in rods and cones are encoded by separate genes. This gene encodes the alpha subunit in rods. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants.^[1]

References

1 2 "Entrez Gene: GNAT1 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha transducing activity polypeptide 1".

Wilkie TM, Gilbert DJ, Olsen AS; et al. (1993). "Evolution of the mammalian G protein alpha subunit multigene family.". Nat. Genet. 1 (2): 85–91. doi:10.1038/ng0592-85. PMID 1302014.
Bourne HR, Sanders DA, McCormick F (1991). "The GTPase superfamily: conserved structure and molecular mechanism.". Nature 349 (6305): 117–27. doi:10.1038/349117a0. PMID 1898771.
Fong SL (1992). "Characterization of the human rod transducin alpha-subunit gene.". Nucleic Acids Res. 20 (11): 2865–70. doi:10.1093/nar/20.11.2865. PMC 336934. PMID 1614872.
Lerea CL, Bunt-Milam AH, Hurley JB (1990). "Alpha transducin is present in blue-, green-, and red-sensitive cone photoreceptors in the human retina.". Neuron 3 (3): 367–76. doi:10.1016/0896-6273(89)90261-4. PMID 2534964.
Van Dop C, Medynski DC, Apone LM (1989). "Nucleotide sequence for a cDNA encoding the alpha subunit of retinal transducin (GNAT1) isolated from the human eye.". Nucleic Acids Res. 17 (12): 4887. doi:10.1093/nar/17.12.4887. PMC 318051. PMID 2748346.
Blatt C, Eversole-Cire P, Cohn VH; et al. (1988). "Chromosomal localization of genes encoding guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunits in mouse and human.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85 (20): 7642–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.85.20.7642. PMC 282248. PMID 2902634.
Ngo JT, Bateman JB, Klisak I; et al. (1994). "Regional mapping of a human rod alpha-transducin (GNAT1) gene to chromosome 3p22.". Genomics 18 (3): 724–5. doi:10.1016/S0888-7543(05)80384-2. PMID 8307584.
Dryja TP, Hahn LB, Reboul T, Arnaud B (1996). "Missense mutation in the gene encoding the alpha subunit of rod transducin in the Nougaret form of congenital stationary night blindness.". Nat. Genet. 13 (3): 358–60. doi:10.1038/ng0796-358. PMID 8673138.
Chen CK, Wieland T, Simon MI (1996). "RGS-r, a retinal specific RGS protein, binds an intermediate conformation of transducin and enhances recycling.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 (23): 12885–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.23.12885. PMC 24015. PMID 8917514.
Seibert C, Harteneck C, Ernst OP; et al. (2000). "Activation of the rod G-protein Gt by the thrombin receptor (PAR1) expressed in Sf9 cells.". Eur. J. Biochem. 266 (3): 911–6. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00927.x. PMID 10583385.
Wieland T, Bahtijari N, Zhou XB; et al. (2000). "Polarity exchange at the interface of regulators of G protein signaling with G protein alpha-subunits.". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (37): 28500–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.M004187200. PMID 10878019.
Bell MW, Desai N, Guo XX, Ghalayini AJ (2000). "Tyrosine phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of transducin and its association with Src in photoreceptor rod outer segments.". J. Neurochem. 75 (5): 2006–19. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0752006.x. PMID 11032890.
Hu G, Wensel TG (2002). "R9AP, a membrane anchor for the photoreceptor GTPase accelerating protein, RGS9-1.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (15): 9755–60. doi:10.1073/pnas.152094799. PMC 125004. PMID 12119397.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH; et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA; et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
Muzny DM, Scherer SE, Kaul R; et al. (2006). "The DNA sequence, annotation and analysis of human chromosome 3.". Nature 440 (7088): 1194–8. doi:10.1038/nature04728. PMID 16641997.

Intracellular signaling peptides and proteins

MAP

see MAP kinase pathway

Calcium

G protein

Heterotrimeric

cAMP:	Heterotrimeric G protein Gs/Gi Adenylate cyclase cAMP 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase Protein kinase A

cGMP:	Transducin Guanylate cyclase cGMP 3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase Protein kinase G

G alpha subunit G_α GNAO1 GNAI1 GNAI2 GNAI3 GNAT1 GNAT2 GNAT3 GNAZ GNAS GNAL GNAQ GNA11 GNA12 GNA13 GNA14 GNA15/GNA16

G beta-gamma complex G_β GNB1 GNB2 GNB3 GNB4 GNB5 G_γ GNGT1 GNGT2 GNG2 GNG3 GNG4 GNG5 GNG7 GNG8 GNG10 GNG11 GNG12 GNG13 BSCL2

G protein-coupled receptor kinase AMP-activated protein kinase

Monomeric

Cyclin

Lipid

Other protein kinase

Serine/threonine:	Casein kinase 1 2 eIF-2 kinase EIF2AK3 Glycogen synthase kinase GSK1 GSK2 GSK-3 GSK3A GSK3B IκB kinase CHUK IKK2 IKBKG Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase IRAK1 IRAK2 IRAK3 IRAK4 Lim kinase LIMK1 LIMK2 p21-activated kinases PAK1 PAK2 PAK3 PAK4 Rho-associated protein kinase ROCK1 ROCK2 Ribosomal s6 kinase RPS6KA1

Tyrosine:	ZAP70 Focal adhesion protein-tyrosine kinase PTK2 PTK2B BTK

both	Dual-specificity kinase

Other protein phosphatase

Serine/threonine:	Protein phosphatase 2

Tyrosine:	protein tyrosine phosphatase: Receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase Sh2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase

both:	Dual-specificity phosphatase

Apoptosis

see apoptosis signaling pathway

GTP-binding protein regulators

see GTP-binding protein regulators

Other

see also deficiencies of intracellular signaling peptides and proteins

PDB gallery

]

1fqj: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE HETEROTRIMERIC COMPLEX OF THE RGS DOMAIN OF RGS9, THE GAMMA SUBUNIT OF PHOSPHODIESTERASE AND THE GT/I1 CHIMERA ALPHA SUBUNIT [(RGS9)-(PDEGAMMA)-(GT/I1ALPHA)-(GDP)-(ALF4-)-(MG2+)]

]

1fqk: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE HETERODIMERIC COMPLEX OF THE RGS DOMAIN OF RGS9, AND THE GT/I1 CHIMERA ALPHA SUBUNIT [(RGS9)-(GT/I1ALPHA)-(GDP)-(ALF4-)-(MG2+)]

1got: HETEROTRIMERIC COMPLEX OF A GT-ALPHA/GI-ALPHA CHIMERA AND THE GT-BETA-GAMMA SUBUNITS

1tad: GTPASE MECHANISM OF GPROTEINS FROM THE 1.7-ANGSTROM CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF TRANSDUCIN ALPHA-GDP-ALF4-

1tag: STRUCTURAL DETERMINANTS FOR ACTIVATION OF THE ALPHA-SUBUNIT OF A HETEROTRIMERIC G PROTEIN

1tnd: THE 2.2 ANGSTROMS CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF TRANSDUCIN-ALPHA COMPLEXED WITH GTP GAMMA S

Hydrolases: acid anhydride hydrolases (EC 3.6)

3.6.1

3.6.2

3.6.3-4: ATPase

3.6.3

Cu++ (3.6.3.4)	Menkes/ATP7A Wilson/ATP7B

Ca+ (3.6.3.8)	SERCA ATP2A1 ATP2A2 ATP2A3 Plasma membrane ATP2B1 ATP2B2 ATP2B3 ATP2B4 SPCA ATP2C1 ATP2C2

Na+/K+ (3.6.3.9)	ATP1A1 ATP1A2 ATP1A3 ATP1A4 ATP1B1 ATP1B2 ATP1B3 ATP1B4

H+/K+ (3.6.3.10)	ATP4A

Other P-type ATPase	ATP8B1 ATP10A ATP11B ATP12A ATP13A2 ATP13A3

3.6.4

3.6.5: GTPase

3.6.5.1: Heterotrimeric G protein	G_αs G_αi GNAI1 GNAI2 GNAI3 G_αq/11 GNAQ GNA11 G_α12/13 GNA12 GNA13 Transducin GNAT1 GNAT2

3.6.5.2: Small GTPase > Ras superfamily	Rho family of GTPases: Cdc42 CDC42 TC10 TCL RhoUV RhoU RhoV Rac Rac1 2 3 RhoG RhoBTB 1 2 RhoH Rho A B C Rnd 1 2 3 RhoDF RhoF RhoD other: Ras HRAS KRAS NRAS Rab RAB23 RAB27 Arf ARF6 SAR1B ARL13B ARL6 Ran Rheb Rap RGK

3.6.5.3: Protein-synthesizing GTPase	Prokaryotic IF-2 EF-Tu EF-G Eukaryotic

3.6.5.5-6: Polymerization motors	Dynamin Tubulin

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GNAT1

References

Further reading