Clément Cycles
- For cycle, motor-cycle, motor-car, aeroplane and airship companies associated with French industrialist Adolphe Clément-Bayard - see Clement (disambiguation).
Clément Cycles was a French bicycle manufacturer that was founded by the industrial entrepreneur Adolphe Clément-Bayard (née Clément). From it beginnings as a bicycle repair shop in Bordeau, through its establishment as a bicycle shop and workshop in Paris to its mass manufacture of a wide range of bicycles from the purpose built, state of the art factory at Levallois-Perret, Paris, the brand always combined advertising and marketing flair with quality products.[1]
History
In 1876, after 2 years of cycle racing, working and saving, Clément-Bayard had enough money to start in business, so he opened a bicycle repair works in Bordeaux, aged 21. The next stage of his business plan was to move to Marseille where he learned how to manufacture steel tubes for bicycles. The following year he moved to Lyon and began manufacturing whole bicycles under the name 'Clément SA cycles'.[1]
Clément cycles
The following year, circa 1878, he moved to Paris and opened a cycle business, A. Clément & Cie, at 20 Rue Brunel near the Place de l'Etoile. Here he also ran a cycling school and was competing in cycle races. In Paris his business backers were monsieur de Graffenried and monsieur de Montgeron.[1][2]
At the end of 1878 Adolphe partnered the cycling champion Charles Terront at the 'Six-Days' cycling event at the Agricultural Hall in London. He also opened a sales showroom at 31 rue 'du 4-September', in Paris and started a poster advertising campaign, a new concept.[1]
In September 1879, Clément built an iron smelter in Tulle, in the Limousin where there was a good supply of water power, but he did not have sufficient finance to make it viable and Tulle was too remote from Paris, so he had to sell the plant.[1]
By 1880 the "Clément" cycle manufacturing business at Rue Brunel, had circa 150 employees building bicycles.[1][2](Image and description of 1880 Clément cycle) The machines were regarded as high quality and by 1890 Clément was the leading cycle brand in France.[3]
Clément-Gladiator cycles
In 1896 Adolphe Clément joined with Lord Charles Chetwynd-Talbot, 20th Earl of Shrewsbury and Harry John Lawson of the British Automobile Commercial Syndicate Ltd (BACS).[4] to buy out the Gladiator Cycle Company, and merged it into a major bicycle manufacturing conglomerate of Clement, Gladiator & Humber (France) Ltd.[5][6][Notes 1] Clément remained a director after the collapse and withdrawal of BACS in 1897.[6] The range of cycles was expanded with tricycles, quadricycles, and in 1902 a motorised bicycle, then cars and motorcycles.[2]
Notes
- ↑ By 1896 the title of Humber cycles had been acquired by entrepreneur and fraudster Harry Lawson. The cycle factory of Thomas Humber at Beeston, Nottinghamshire started adding the soubriquet 'Genuine Humber' to its logo.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Hydro Retro, Clément-Bayard, pdf (French) Clément-Bayard, sans peur et sans reproche par Gérard Hartmann
- 1 2 3 Yesterdays, Antique motorcycles, Auguste Clément
- ↑ Randonneurs Ontario, Profile of Pierre Giffard
- ↑ James J. Flink. The Automobile Age. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1988. p. 21.
- ↑ Georgano, N. (2000). Beaulieu Encyclopedia of the Automobile. London: HMSO. ISBN 1-57958-293-1.
- 1 2 Brighton Early, Gladiator Cycles
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