Classification des dialectes arméniens

Classification des dialectes arméniens

Author	Hrachia Adjarian
Country	France
Language	French
Subject	linguistics
Publisher	Honoré Champion

Classification des dialectes arméniens (Classification of Armenian dialects) is a 1909 book by the Armenian linguist Hrachia Adjarian, published in Paris. It is Adjarian's translation into French of his original work Հայ Բարբառագիտութիւն (Armenian Dialectology) which was later published as a book in 1911 in Moscow and New Nakhichevan. The French translation is missing the dialectal examples.

Adjarian surveyed the Armenian dialects in what is now present day Turkey, Armenia, Georgia, Iran, Azerbaijan and other countries settled by Armenians: Poland, Austria-Hungary, Romania, etc.

Unlike the traditional dialect division of Armenian into western and eastern dialects, Adjarian divided Armenian into three main dialects based on which present and imperfect indicative particles were used. He labeled them as the -owm (-ում) dialects, -gë (-կը) dialects, and -el (-ել) dialects. These three major dialects were further divided into subdialects.^[1] The book is one of the few reliable sources of Armenian dialects that existed at the time. In the post-genocide period, linguists Gevorg Jahukyan, Jos Weitenberg, Bert Vaux and Hrach Martirosyan have pushed our understanding of Armenian dialects further.

Map of the Armenian dialects in early 20th century:

  -owm dialects, roughly corresponding to Eastern Armenian.

  -el dialects.

  -gë dialects, roughly corresponding to Western Armenian.

Dialects

-owm dialects

	Dialect	Areas spoken (country and city names as of 1909)
1	Erivan	Russian Empire: Erivan, Novo-Bayazet, Ordubad, Shamshadin, Shulaver, Havlabar quarter (Tbilisi)  Ottoman Empire: Bayazid, Kulp
2	Tbilisi	Russian Empire: Tbilisi (except Havlabar quarter)
3	Karabakh	Russian Empire: Shusha, Elisabethpol, Nukha, Baku, Derbent, Ağstafa, Dilijan, Karakilis, Kazak, Lori, Jebrayil, Goris Qajar Persia: Karadagh, Mujumbar; Lilava quarter of Tabriz  Ottoman Empire: Burdur, Ödemiş villages near Izmir
4	Shamakha	Russian Empire: Shamakhi, Kuba and nearby villages
5	Astrakhan	Russian Empire: Astrakhan, North Caucasus Qajar Persia: Tabriz
6	Julfa	Russian Empire: Julfa Qajar Persia: Isfahan (New Julfa quarter), Shiraz, Hamadan, Bushehr, Tehran, Qazvin, Rasht, Bandar-e Anzali
7	Agulis	Russian Empire: Agulis, Tsghna, Handamej, Tanakert, Ramis, Dasht, Kaghaki

-el dialects

-el dialects
	Dialect	Areas spoken (country and city names as of 1909)
1	Maragha	Qajar Persia: Maragha and surrounding villages
2	Khoy	Qajar Persia: Khoy, Salmas, Maku, Urmia  Russian Empire: Igdir, Nakhichevan; Zangezur settlements: Kori, Alighuli, Mughanjugh, Karashen, Alilu, Angeghakot, Ghushchi-Tazakend, Tazakend, Uz, Mazra, Balak, Shaghat, Ltsen, Sisian, Nerkin Kilisa
3	Artvin	Russian Empire: Artvin, Ardahan, Artanuj, Olti

-gë dialects

	Dialect	Areas spoken (country and city names as of 1909)
1	Erzurum	Ottoman Empire: Erzurum, Ispir, Kaghzvan  Russian Empire: Kars, Alexandropol, Akhalkalak, Akhaltskha
2	Mush	Ottoman Empire: Mush, Sasun, Bitlis, Khizan, Khlat, Arjesh, Bulanikh, Manazkert, Khnus, Alashkert  Russian Empire: Aparan; Mets Kznut and surrounding villages; 4 villages in Javakhk: Eshtia, Ujmana, Toria, Martuni
3	Van	Ottoman Empire: Van, Diadin, Moks, Bashkale, Shatakh  Russian Empire: Basargechar and surrounding villages
4	Diarbekir	Ottoman Empire: Diarbekir, Lice, Hazro, Hazzo, Khizan, Severek, Urfa (Edesia)
5	Kharberd-Yerznka	Ottoman Empire: Kharpert, Yerznka, Balu, Tchapaghjur, Chmshkatsag, Charsanjak, Kghi, Dersim, Kamakh
6	Shabin-Karahisar	Ottoman Empire: Shabin-Karahisar, Akıncılar
7	Trebizond	Ottoman Empire: Trebizond, Bayburt, Gyumushkhane, Kirasun
8	Hamshen	Ottoman Empire: Hamshen, Ünye, Fatsa, Terme, Çarşamba  Russian Empire: Sukhumi, Sochi, Poti,
9	Malatia	Ottoman Empire: Malatia, Adıyaman
10	Cilicia	Ottoman Empire: Hadjin, Zeytun, Marash, Kilis, Alexandretta, Payas, Svedia
11	Syria	Ottoman Empire: Aramo
12	Arabkir	Ottoman Empire: Arabkir, Divrig, Gürün, Darende, villages of Kesaria
13	Akn	Ottoman Empire: Akn and surrounding villages
14	Sivas	Ottoman Empire: Sivas and 45 surrounding villages
15	Tokat	Ottoman Empire: Tokat, Amasia, Marsivan, Ordu, Samsun, Sinop
16	Smyrna	Ottoman Empire: Smyrna, Manisa, Menemen and surrounding villages
17	Izmit	Ottoman Empire: Nicomedia, Adapazar and the following villages: Yalova, Partizak, Geyve, Ortaköy, Sölöz, Benli, İznik, etc.,
18	Constantinople	Ottoman Empire: Constantinople
19	Rodosto	Ottoman Empire: Rodosto, Malgara
20	Nakhichevan-on-Don	Russian Empire: Nakhichevan-on-Don, Rostov-on-Don, Stavropol, Yekaterinodar, Yekaterinoslav, Anapa, Maykop, Taganrog, Dneprovskaya, Nogaysk, Novocherkassk, Theodosia, Simferopol, Karasubazar, Baghchesaray, Eupatoria
21	Austria-Hungary	Poland Bukovina, Transylvania, Hungary

References

• Adjarian, Hrachia (1909). Classification des dialectes arméniens [Classification of Armenian dialects] (PDF) (in French). Paris: Librairie Honore Champion. Retrieved July 8, 2012.

1. Adjarian, 13–14