Commerce, Georgia

Commerce, Georgia
City
Motto: "A city on the right track"[1]

Location in Jackson County and the state of Georgia
Coordinates: 34°12′23″N 83°27′40″W / 34.20639°N 83.46111°W / 34.20639; -83.46111Coordinates: 34°12′23″N 83°27′40″W / 34.20639°N 83.46111°W / 34.20639; -83.46111
Country United States
State Georgia
County Jackson
Area
 • Total 8.3 sq mi (21.5 km2)
 • Land 8.3 sq mi (21.5 km2)
 • Water 0 sq mi (0 km2)
Elevation 912 ft (278 m)
Population (2010)
 • Total 6,544
 • Density 637.6/sq mi (246.1/km2)
Time zone Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
 • Summer (DST) EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP codes 30529, 30599
Area code(s) 706
FIPS code 13-19112[2]
GNIS feature ID 0355254[3]
Website City of Commerce Georgia Website

Commerce is a city in Jackson County, Georgia, United States. It is ninety miles northeast of Atlanta. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 6,544.[4]

History

Native American history

Before Caucasian settlers arrived, the area around present-day Commerce was inhabited by the Apalache People, who were ancestral to some divisions of the Creek Native Americans.[5] During the late 1600s and early 1700s, other future branches of the Creek Confederacy moved into the region. These included the Talasee Creeks from the Great Smoky Mountains, the Tamakoa from the Lower Altamaha River, and the Bohurons, a mestizo people descended from European gold miners 32 miles to the north in the Nacoochee Valley.[6] By the late 1700s, the Bohurons were also part of the Creek Confederacy, even though they carried Spanish, Hebrew, Arabic and Dutch names. The original name for Commerce, "Thamagua," is the Anglicization of Tamakoa.

The Georgia Apalache Indians are frequently mentioned in 16th and 17th century texts. The Appalachian Mountains were named after them, as was the Apalachee River in adjacent Gwinnett County, GA.[7] They controlled the trade of gold, greenstone, mica, silver and copper coming out of the Georgia Mountains. In 1564 and 1665, French Huguenot traders from Fort Caroline made several contacts with them. In his memoir, Captain Rene' de Laudonniere stated that he planned to build the capital of New France in their province.[8] In 1651, an Englishman from Barbados, Richard Brigstock, spent a considerable time with the Apalache. By that time their political and religious influence has spread over much of the Southern Highlands and Chattahoochee River Basin. This confederacy later led to the creation of the Creek Confederacy.[9]

The Lacoda Trail, which extended from present-day Athens-Clarke County to the north Georgia mountains, was a significant trade and travel route through this area. (GA Hwy. 334, which follows a nine-mile section of this ancient trail, was designated the "Lacoda Trail Memorial Parkway" by the Georgia General Assembly in 1998.)

Local histories that originated in the mid-1800s describe a territorial war between the Creeks and Cherokees over the land in the county during the 1770s.[10] This war never occurred. The Cherokees were decisively defeated by the Koweta Creeks in 1754. For about a decade after their 1754 defeat, all Cherokee villages in the Georgia colony and the Hiwassee River Valley in North Carolina were abandoned.[11] William Bartram traveled through northeastern Georgia in 1773, and described the Creeks as being completely dominant over the Cherokees.[12] The Cherokees never occupied or held title to lands within the boundaries of Jackson County.

The Creek Confederacy ceded its lands east of the Oconee River in 1785.[13] A subsequent treaty in 1793 ceded the remainder of the land that was to become Jackson County. The last corridor of Creek land, located west of Jackson Count,y was ceded in 1818.

Early white settlement

The first permanent white settlement in Jackson County began near present-day Commerce on January 20, 1784, when German immigrant William Dunson was awarded a land grant on Little Sandy Creek. The settlement was named Groaning Rock, supposedly because of a nearby hollow rock formation that produced a moaning sound when the wind passed over it. (Descendants of William Dunson are still living on the original tract of land.)

A trading post was established by Eli Shankle near Groaning Rock in 1808, named Harmony Grove. The common explanation is that the name is a play on his wife, Rebecca's, maiden name: Hargrove. There is also an old Appalachian hymn tune called "Harmony Grove," found in an 1830 book called "Virginia Harmony." This tune is popular today as the melody to "Amazing Grace."

The Harmony Grove Female Academy, the first all-female school chartered in the state of Georgia, was chartered by the state legislature on December 20, 1824.

The Harmony Grove post office was established on October 14, 1825; Russell Jones was its first postmaster.

On September 1, 1876, the North Eastern Railroad opened its line from Athens to Lula, which passed through the heart of Harmony Grove. The railroad line had the most significant impact on the shape of the city, which began expanding both directions along the line. These tracks are now owned by Norfolk Southern Railway.

City history

The Harmony Grove community was officially incorporated as a town on December 24, 1884, including all areas within a one-mile radius of the railroad depot, one half mile east, and 400 yards west.

Harmony Grove Mills, Inc., was organized under the laws of Jackson County on April 3, 1893, for the purpose of processing and producing cotton textiles. It served various purposes over the years, including the manufacture of denim overalls and the earliest production of electricity in the city. The mill village created to house employees makes up a significant portion of the homes on the southeast end of Commerce today. The mill had been in operation under various corporations until the spring of 2004, when it closed mill operations and was sold; it has been used for warehouse storage space since, and is currently for sale. The building is still a major feature of the city.

Near the end of the 19th century, many began to feel that the name Harmony Grove was too long to write and sounded too much like a country village. In addition, many didn't like the fact that mail frequently went to another post office by the same name in Dawson County. Harmony Grove was reincorporated and renamed "Commerce" on August 6, 1904, in an effort to address these concerns and reflect the city's commercial dominance in the north Georgia cotton trade.[14]

In 1959, a series of controversial town hall meetings were held to try to convince members of the federal Interstate Highway System to re-route the proposed Interstate 85, originally planned to go through Gainesville (Hall County), through Commerce and Lavonia (Franklin County). The proposal was changed, and the interstate was routed through Jackson County. Even more so than the railroad nearly a century before, this major transportation artery brought tremendous commercial advantage to Commerce, at a time it desperately needed it.

Geography

Commerce is located at 34°12′23″N 83°27′40″W / 34.20639°N 83.46111°W / 34.20639; -83.46111 (34.206520, -83.461203).[15]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 8.3 square miles (21 km2), of which, 8.3 square miles (21 km2) of it is land and 0.12% is water.

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
1890611—
19001,454138.0%
19102,23853.9%
19202,4599.9%
19303,00222.1%
19403,2949.7%
19503,3511.7%
19603,5516.0%
19703,7024.3%
19804,09210.5%
19904,1080.4%
20005,29228.8%
20106,54423.7%
Est. 20146,580[16]0.6%
U.S. Decennial Census[17]

As of the census[2] of 2000, there were 5,292 people, 2,051 households, and 1,433 families residing in the city. The population density was 637.3 people per square mile (246.2/km²). There were 2,273 housing units at an average density of 273.7 per square mile (105.7/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 83.13% White, 14.74% African American (Black), 0.15% Native American, 0.49% Asian, 0.60% from other races, and 0.89% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.55% of the population.

There were 2,051 households out of which 28.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.0% were married couples living together, 15.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.1% were non-families. 26.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 2.94.

In the city the population was spread out with 22.6% under the age of 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 27.1% from 25 to 44, 22.7% from 45 to 64, and 18.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 85.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $33,897, and the median income for a family was $39,615. Males had a median income of $34,185 versus $22,028 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,270. About 10.2% of families and 12.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.5% of those under age 18 and 26.1% of those age 65 or over.

For the population of persons aged 25 and over, 65.0% are at least high school graduates or an equivalent. Of these, 7.4% have a bachelor's degree and 3.5% have a graduate degree. The remainder, 35% of the adult population, lack a high school or equivalent diploma.

Education

Commerce City School District

The Commerce City School District holds pre-school to grade twelve, and consists of two elementary schools (the primary school includes a pre-school program), a middle school and a high school.[18] The district has 89 full-time teachers and over 1,358 students.[19]

Notable people

References

  1. ↑ "City of Commerce Georgia Website". City of Commerce Georgia Website. Retrieved September 6, 2012.
  2. 1 2 "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  3. ↑ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  4. ↑ http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/13/1319112.html
  5. ↑ Rae, Marilyn & Thornton, Richard, The Apalache Chronicles, Fort Lauderdale: Ancient Cypress Press, 2013
  6. ↑ Rae, Marilyn, & Thornton, Richard, Nodoroc and the Bohurons, Fort Lauderdale: Ancient Cypress Press, 2013.
  7. ↑ Bennett, Charles E.,Three Voyages, Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2001.
  8. ↑ Bennett, Charles E.,Three Voyages
  9. ↑ De Rochefort, Charles E.,HISTOIRE NATURELLE ET MORALE DES ÎLES ANTILLES DE L'AMÉRIQUE, Amsterdam, 1658
  10. ↑ Wilson, Gustavus, Early History of Jackson County, GA, Atlanta: White Publishing, 1911.
  11. ↑ Mitchell, John, Map of North America, 1755
  12. ↑ Bartram, William, The Travels of William Bartram: Naturalist's Edition. Edited by Francis Harper. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1958. Reprint, Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1998. ISBN 0-8203-2027-7
  13. ↑ Walter, Williams (1979). "Southeastern Indians before Removal, Prehistory, Contact, Decline". Southeastern Indians: Since the Removal Era. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press.
  14. ↑ Watson, Stephanie; Lisa Wojna (2008). Weird, Wacky, and Wild Georgia Trivia. Blue Bike Books. p. 60. ISBN 978-1-897278-44-4.
  15. ↑ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
  16. ↑ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014". Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  17. ↑ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  18. ↑ Georgia Board of Education, Retrieved June 5, 2010.
  19. ↑ School Stats, Retrieved June 5, 2010.
  20. ↑ "Terry Allen". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Retrieved September 6, 2012.
  21. ↑ "MICHAEL J. BOWERS". Balch & Bingham LLP. Retrieved September 6, 2012.
  22. ↑ "Spud Chandler". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 6, 2012.
  23. ↑ "Lamartine Hardman (1856-1937)". The New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved September 6, 2012.

External links

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