Comparison of layout engines (XML)

The following tables compare XML compatibility and support for a number of layout engines. Please see the individual products' articles for further information. Unless otherwise specified in footnotes, comparisons are based on the stable versions without any add-ons, extensions or external programs.

Version number, if possible, is provided for feature that is fully supported. Proprietary extensions are not included.

Explanation of the tables

Engine nomenclature

Rather than the names of web browsers and HTML to PDF converters, the names of the underlying engines are used. Some of the software and online converters that use the various engines are listed below.

Layout engine Release version Preview version Used by
Amaya 11.4.7[1] N/A No longer developed; Amaya
Blink 537.36 source code[note 1] Chromium/Chrome (28+), Opera (15+), Yandex, Liebao and Samsung Browser .
EdgeHTML 13.10586 [2] N/A Microsoft Edge, Universal Windows Platform (UWP) JavaScript apps
Gecko 44.0.2 (February 11, 2016 (2016-02-11)[3]) [±]
ESR

38.6.1 (February 11, 2016 (2016-02-11)[4]) [±]
Beta

45.0 Beta 6 (February 16, 2016 (2016-02-16)[5][6]) [±]

Developer Edition

46.0a2 (January 26, 2016 (2016-01-26)[7]) [±] daily release

Nightly

47.0a1 (January 25, 2016 (2016-01-25)[8]) [±] daily release

 All Mozilla software, including Firefox; SeaMonkey and Galeon; Camino; K-Meleon; Flock (up to 2.x); Debian IceWeasel; GNU IceCat (formerly GNU IceWeasel); Cyberfox; Icedove, Iceape and Iceowl; Firefox for mobile ("Fennec"). Also used by the Maple platform in 2010 and 2011 Samsung "SmartTV" devices which are based on the build used in Firefox 3.0. Nokia Asha platform is also using Gecko for web apps rendering.
KHTML 4.12.3[9] N/A Konqueror[note 2]
Presto 2.12.388 N/A No longer developed; Opera and Opera Mobile use Blink now; Nintendo DS & DSi Browser; Internet Channel
Prince 10 20160109 HTML to PDF converters: Prince (previously called PrinceXML), DocRaptor. The information in the Prince columns is also true of Prince for Books, a related layout engine.
Tasman (IE 5.2.3 for Mac) N/A No longer developed (aborted in 2003); Internet Explorer 5+ for Mac OS X
Trident 7.0 (IE 11) N/A Internet Explorer and other Internet Explorer shells like Maxthon (Microsoft Windows operating systems only), Windows Phone 8
WebKit 534.20 nightly build[note 3] Tizen (both OS and browser), Safari (both desktop and mobile), Google Chrome (before 28), Maxthon 3, Shiira, iCab 4, OmniWeb 5.5+, Web, Adobe AIR, Midori, Adobe Dreamweaver CS4 and CS5, Android browser, Palm webOS browser, Symbian S60 browser, OWB, Steam, Rekonq, Arora, Flock (version 3+), RockMelt, Dolphin Browser, Sleipnir, Konqueror[note 2]. Used by the LG Smart TV platform to enable web content on TVs. HTML to PDF converters: wkhtmltopdf, PhantomJS, Pdfcrowd[10], http://www.online-convert.com/[11].
  1. ↑ "chromium / chromium/blink". chromium.googlesource.com. Google. Retrieved 2014-05-27.
  2. 1 2 In Konqueror, the user can switch the used layout engine.
  3. ↑ "WebKit Nightly Builds". webkit.org. Retrieved 2014-05-27.

Values

Values indicate the level of support in the most recent version of the layout engine, or (if a version number is given) in the specified version. Version numbers without any other value indicate the version at which the layout engine first fully supported the feature.

Value Meaning
Yes Indicates that the layout engine fully supports this property/element when valid values are used.
No Indicates that the property/element is completely ignored.
Partial Indicates that the property/element is understood, but that not all values are supported. Supported values are implemented correctly.
Incorrect Indicates that the property/element is understood, but that it is not implemented correctly in all cases.
Experimental Indicates that the property/element is understood, but supported under an alternate name. May be incomplete or buggy.
Dropped Indicates that the property/element is no longer supported.
Nightly build Indicates that the property/element is supported to some extent in an experimental/nightly build. Future support is expected.
Depends Indicates that the property/element is supported only on certain platforms, or if certain settings are configured.

Core technologies

A general overview of what core XML technologies are supported.

Trident Gecko WebKit KHTML Presto Prince XML
XML namespace[spec 1] 5.0 1.0 ? Yes 1.0 5.1
xml:id[spec 2] No No[g 1] No No 2.0
XML Events[spec 3] No 1.8 ? ? 1.0 ?
XInclude[spec 4] 3.1 No[g 2] No ? No 5.1
XML Fragment Interchange[spec 5] ? ? ? ? ? ?
Associating CSS <3.1[IE 5.0] 1.0 419 Yes 1.0 Yes

XSL technologies

A general overview of what XSL technologies are supported.

Trident Gecko WebKit KHTML Presto Prince XML
XSLT[spec 6][spec 7] <3.1[IE 6.0]

[note 1]

 1.0 314 No Incorrect ?
XSL-FO[spec 8] No No[g 3] No No No
EXSLT[spec 9] ? 1.9 No[w 1] Partial ?

Linking technologies

A general overview of what XML linking technologies are supported.

Trident Gecko WebKit KHTML Presto Prince XML
XLink[spec 10] 5.0 Partial[note 2] No[w 2] No Partial Partial[note 3]
XML Base[spec 11] No 1.0 No[w 3] Yes Yes 6.0
XPointer[spec 12] ? Partial No[w 4] No No ?

Query technologies

A general overview of what XML query technologies are supported.

Trident Gecko WebKit KHTML Presto Prince XML
XPath 1.0[spec 13] Yes 1.8 Yes 4.8 2.0 ?
XPath 2.0[spec 14] No No[g 6] ? ? ? ?
XQuery[spec 15] ? No[g 7] No[w 5] ? No ?

Schema technologies

A general overview of what XML schema technologies are supported.

Trident Gecko WebKit KHTML Presto Prince XML
DTD No Partial[note 4] No[w 6] No Partial[note 5] 3.0
XML Schema[spec 16][spec 17][spec 18][spec 19] ? Partial No ? No ?
RELAX NG[spec 20] ? No[g 9] ? ?

Security technologies

A general overview of what XML security technologies are supported.

Trident Gecko WebKit KHTML Presto Prince XML
XML Signature[spec 21] No No[g 10] No No No No
XML Encryption[spec 22] No
XML Key Management[spec 23]

Notes

  1. ↑ Trident relies on the MSXML library to implement XML processing. MSXML3 and MSXML4 implement XSLT 1.0, while MSXML2 implements the December 1998 XSL Working Draft, which predates XSLT 1.0 and is not fully compatible with it. Further complicating matters is that the MSXML libraries can coexist, but only one of them will be used by Trident, depending on a setting in the Windows Registry. Prior to the release of Internet Explorer 6, MSXML2 was the default XML library for Trident, but MSXML3 or MSXML4 could be installed separately and then registered as the default if desired. Regardless of which version was the default, any version, if installed, could be invoked directly by Microsoft-specific scripting code in the document being rendered by Trident.
  2. ↑ Gecko, as of version 1.8, only supports simple XLinks, and only for SVG and MathML.[g 4][g 5]
  3. ↑ Prince XML supports only simple XLinks.[r 1]
  4. ↑ Only inline DTDs are allowed, external DTDs are ignored.[g 8]
  5. ↑ Prior to version 2.0, only inline DTDs are allowed; external DTDs are ignored. In 2.0, it is possible to load external DTDs, but not cross-domain.

References

Specifications

  1. ↑ Namespaces in XML 1.0 (Third Edition), W3C
  2. ↑ xml:id Version 1.0, W3C
  3. ↑ XML Events, W3C
  4. ↑ XML Inclusions (XInclude) Version 1.0 (Second Edition), W3C
  5. ↑ XML Fragment Interchange, W3C
  6. ↑ XSL Transformations (XSLT), W3C
  7. ↑ XSL Transformations (XSLT) Version 2.0, W3C
  8. ↑ Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) Version 1.1, W3C
  9. ↑ EXSLT
  10. ↑ XML Linking Language (XLink) Version 1.1, W3C
  11. ↑ XML Base (Second Edition), W3C
  12. ↑ XPointer Framework, W3C
  13. ↑ XML Path Language (XPath), W3C
  14. ↑ XML Path Language (XPath) 2.0, W3C
  15. ↑ XQuery and XPath Full Text 1.0, W3C
  16. ↑ XML Schema Part 1: Structures Second Edition, W3C
  17. ↑ XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition, W3C
  18. ↑ W3C XML Schema Definition Language (XSD) 1.1 Part 1: Structures, W3C
  19. ↑ W3C XML Schema Definition Language (XSD) 1.1 Part 2: Datatypes, W3C
  20. ↑ RELAX NG home page
  21. ↑ XML Signature Syntax and Processing (Second Edition), W3C
  22. ↑ XML Encryption Syntax and Processing, W3C
  23. ↑ XML Key Management Specification (XKMS), W3C

Gecko references

  1. ↑ Bug 275196 - xml:id support, Mozilla
  2. ↑ Bug 201754 - XML Inclusions (XInclude), Mozilla
  3. ↑ Bug 95959 - Mozilla does not support XSL:FO or XML Formatting Objects, Mozilla
  4. ↑ XLink - MDC, Mozilla
  5. ↑ SVG in Firefox, Mozilla
  6. ↑ Bug 396966 - Xpath 2.0, Mozilla
  7. ↑ Bug 385995 - Request to add XQuery, Mozilla
  8. ↑ Bug 22942 - (entities) Load external DTDs (entity/entities) (local and remote) if a pref is set, Mozilla
  9. ↑ Bug 227459 - Implement validating XML parser (validate with RELAX NG), Mozilla
  10. ↑ Bug 125528 - Implement xml signature support, Mozilla

WebKit references

  1. ↑ Bug 4079 - Support EXSLT with libexslt, WebKit
  2. ↑ Bug 10556 - Support XLink in any XML document, WebKit
  3. ↑ Bug 17423 - ER: Add support for xml:base, WebKit
  4. ↑ Bug 17491 - ER: Implement XPointer Support, WebKit
  5. ↑ Bug 16536 - Add XQuery support, WebKit
  6. ↑ Bug 3300 - XSLT parser ignores document DTD, WebKit

Presto references

Prince XML references

  1. ↑ Prince: XML Input, YesLogic

Other references

  1. ↑ Amaya Binary Releases, Most recent download link in stable
  2. ↑ Change log between EdgeHTML 12.10240 and 13.10586
  3. ↑ "Firefox — Notes (44.0.2) — Mozilla". mozilla.org. 2016-02-11. Retrieved 2016-02-12.
  4. ↑ "Firefox — Notes (38.6.1) — Mozilla". mozilla.org. 2016-02-11. Retrieved 2016-02-12.
  5. ↑ "Firefox — Beta Notes (45.0beta) — Mozilla". 2016-01-27. Retrieved 2016-01-29.
  6. ↑ "Mozilla Firefox Web Browser — Download Firefox Beta in your language — Mozilla". Retrieved 2016-02-17.
  7. ↑ "Firefox — Aurora Notes (46.0a2) — Mozilla". 2016-01-26. Retrieved 2016-01-29.
  8. ↑ "RapidRelease/Calendar - MozillaWiki". Retrieved 2016-01-29.
  9. ↑ Download for kdelibs, Most recent download link in stable
  10. ↑ Pdfcrowd FAQ, “Pdfcrowd is built around Webkit.”
  11. ↑ ‘Producer’ metadata in the resulting pdf.
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