Concentration effect

In the study of inhaled anesthetics, the concentration effect is the increase in the rate that the Fa(alveolar concentration)/Fi(inspired concentration) ratio rises as the alveolar concentration of that gas is increased. In simple terms, the higher the concentration of gas administered, the faster the alveolar concentration of that gas approaches the inspired concentration. In modern practice is only relevant for nitrous oxide since other inhaled anesthetics are delivered at much lower concentrations due to their higher potency.

References

Korman B, Mapleson WW (May 1997). "Concentration and second gas effects: can the accepted explanation be improved?". Br J Anaesth 78 (5): 618–25. doi:10.1093/bja/78.5.618. PMID 9175984.
Taheri S, Eger EI 2nd (September 1999). "A Demonstration of the Concentration and Second Gas Effects in Humans Anesthetized with Nitrous Oxide and Desflurane". Anesthesia and Analgesia 89 (3): 774–80. doi:10.1213/00000539-199909000-00047. PMID 10475324.

Anesthesia (outline)

Types	General Spinal Epidural Conduction anesthesia Local Topical Intercostal nerve block Sedation / Twilight anesthesia Dental (Inferior alveolar nerve) Neuroleptanalgesic anesthesia

Techniques	Airway management Anesthesia provision in the US Arterial catheter Bronchoscopy Capnography Dogliotti's principle Drug-induced amnesia Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring Nerve block Penthrox inhaler Tracheal intubation

Scientific Principles	Blood–gas partition coefficient Concentration effect Fink effect Minimum alveolar concentration Second gas effect

Measurements	ASA physical status classification system Baricity Bispectral index Direct Fick method Entropy monitoring Fick principle Goldman index Guedel's classification Mallampati score Neuromuscular monitoring Thyromental distance

Instruments	Anaesthetic machine Anesthesia cart Boyle's machine Gas cylinder Laryngeal mask airway Laryngeal tube Medical monitor Odom's indicator Relative analgesia machine Vaporiser Double-lumen endotracheal tube Endobronchial blocker

Drugs	Benzodiazepine Etomidate General anaesthetic Inhalational anaesthetic Infiltration analgesia Ketamine Local anesthetic Methohexital Methoxyflurane Midazolam Neuraxial blockade Opiate Propofol Thiopental Thiopentone

Complications	Emergence delirium Allergic reactions Anesthesia awareness Local anesthetic toxicity Malignant hyperthermia Perioperative mortality Postanesthetic shivering Postoperative nausea and vomiting Postoperative residual curarization

Fields of study	Cardiothoracic Geriatric Oral sedation dentistry

Professions	Anesthesiologist Anesthesiologist assistant Nurse anesthetist Operating Department Practitioners Certified Anesthesia Technician Certified Anesthesia Technologist Anaesthetic technician

History	A.C.E. mixture Helsinki Declaration for Patient Safety in Anaesthesiology History of general anesthesia History of neuraxial anesthesia History of tracheal intubation

Organizations	American Association of Nurse Anesthetists American Society of Anesthesia Technologists & Technicians American Society of Anesthesiologists Anaesthesia Trauma and Critical Care Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists Australian Society of Anaesthetists International Anesthesia Research Society

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Concentration effect

See also

References