Relative analgesia machine

A relative analgesia machine is used by dentists to induce inhalation sedation in their patients. It delivers a mixture of nitrous oxide ("laughing gas") and oxygen. A relative analgesia machine is simpler than an anaesthetic machine, as it does not feature the additional medical ventilator and anaesthetic vaporiser, which are only needed for administration of general anesthetics. Instead the relative analgesia machine is designed for the light form of anaesthesia with nitrous oxide, where the patient is less sensitive to pain but remains fully conscious.^[1]

References

↑ Dental Fear Central (2004). "Inhalation sedation (aka Laughing Gas)". Retrieved 2010-04-18.

Anesthesia (outline)

Types	General Spinal Epidural Conduction anesthesia Local Topical Intercostal nerve block Sedation / Twilight anesthesia Dental (Inferior alveolar nerve) Neuroleptanalgesic anesthesia

Techniques	Airway management Anesthesia provision in the US Arterial catheter Bronchoscopy Capnography Dogliotti's principle Drug-induced amnesia Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring Nerve block Penthrox inhaler Tracheal intubation

Scientific Principles	Blood–gas partition coefficient Concentration effect Fink effect Minimum alveolar concentration Second gas effect

Measurements	ASA physical status classification system Baricity Bispectral index Direct Fick method Entropy monitoring Fick principle Goldman index Guedel's classification Mallampati score Neuromuscular monitoring Thyromental distance

Instruments	Anaesthetic machine Anesthesia cart Boyle's machine Gas cylinder Laryngeal mask airway Laryngeal tube Medical monitor Odom's indicator Relative analgesia machine Vaporiser Double-lumen endotracheal tube Endobronchial blocker

Drugs	Benzodiazepine Etomidate General anaesthetic Inhalational anaesthetic Infiltration analgesia Ketamine Local anesthetic Methohexital Methoxyflurane Midazolam Neuraxial blockade Opiate Propofol Thiopental Thiopentone

Complications	Emergence delirium Allergic reactions Anesthesia awareness Local anesthetic toxicity Malignant hyperthermia Perioperative mortality Postanesthetic shivering Postoperative nausea and vomiting Postoperative residual curarization

Fields of study	Cardiothoracic Geriatric Oral sedation dentistry

Professions	Anesthesiologist Anesthesiologist assistant Nurse anesthetist Operating Department Practitioners Certified Anesthesia Technician Certified Anesthesia Technologist Anaesthetic technician

History	A.C.E. mixture Helsinki Declaration for Patient Safety in Anaesthesiology History of general anesthesia History of neuraxial anesthesia History of tracheal intubation

Organizations	American Association of Nurse Anesthetists American Society of Anesthesia Technologists & Technicians American Society of Anesthesiologists Anaesthesia Trauma and Critical Care Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists Australian Society of Anaesthetists International Anesthesia Research Society

Dentistry

Specialties	Endodontics Oral and maxillofacial pathology Oral and maxillofacial radiology Oral and maxillofacial surgery Orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics Pediatric dentistry Periodontics Prosthodontics Dental public health Cosmetic dentistry Dental implantology Geriatric dentistry Restorative dentistry Forensic odontology Dental traumatology Holistic dentistry

Dental surgery	Dental extraction Tooth filling Root canal therapy Root end surgery Scaling and root planing Teeth cleaning Dental bonding Tooth polishing Tooth bleaching Socket preservation Dental implant

Organisations	American Association of Orthodontists British Dental Association British Dental Health Foundation British Orthodontic Society Canadian Association of Orthodontists Dental Technologists Association National Health Service Orthodontic National Group Orthodontic Technicians Association General Dental Council

See also	Index of oral health and dental articles Outline of dentistry and oral health Oral hygiene Dental fear Dental instruments Dental material Infant oral mutilation

General anesthetics (N01A)

Inhalational

Injection

Barbiturates	Hexobarbital Methohexital Narcobarbital Thiopental^# Thiotetrabarbital

Opioids	Alfentanil Anileridine^‡ Fentanyl Phenoperidine Remifentanil Sufentanil

Arylcyclohexylamines	Esketamine Ketamine^# Phencyclidine^‡ Tiletamine

Others	Alfadolone Alfaxalone Etomidate Fospropofol Hydroxydione GHB Metomidate Midazolam Propanidid^‡ Propofol

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

Routes of administration / Dosage forms

Oral

Digestive tract (enteral)

Solids	Pill Tablet Capsule Pastille Time release technology Osmotic delivery system (OROS)

Liquids	Decoction Elixir Electuary Emulsion Extended-release syrup Effervescent powder or tablet Herbal tea Hydrogel Molecular encapsulation Powder Softgel Solution Suspension Syrup Syrup Concentrate for dilution and/or addition of carbonated water Tincture

Buccal (Sublabial) Sublingual

Solids	Orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) Film Lollipop Sublingual drops Lozenges Effervescent buccal tablet Chewing gum

Liquids	Mouthwash Toothpaste Ointment Oral spray

Respiratory
tract

Solids	Smoking device Dry-powder inhaler (DPI)

Liquids	Anaesthetic vaporizer Vaporizer Nebulizer Metered-dose inhaler (MDI)

Gas	Oxygen mask and Nasal cannula Oxygen concentrator Anaesthetic machine Relative analgesia machine

Ophthalmic /
Otologic / Nasal

Nasal spray
Ear drops
Eye drops
Ointment
Hydrogel
Nanosphere suspension
Insufflation
Mucoadhesive microdisc (microsphere tablet)

Urogenital

Rectal (enteral)

Dermal

Injection /
Infusion
(into tissue/
blood)

Skin	Intradermal Subcutaneous Transdermal implant

Organs	Intracavernous Intravitreal Intra-articular injection Transscleral

Central nervous system	Intracerebral Intrathecal Epidural

Circulatory / Musculoskeletal	Intravenous Intracardiac Intramuscular Intraosseous Intraperitoneal Nanocell injection Patient-Controlled Analgesia pump PIC line