D-alanine—D-serine ligase

D-alanine—D-serine ligase (EC 6.3.2.35, VanC, VanE, VanG) is an enzyme with systematic name D-alanine:D-serine ligase (ADP-forming).^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

D-alanine + D-serine + ATP

\rightleftharpoons

D-alanyl-D-serine + ADP + phosphate

The product of this enzyme, D-alanyl-D-serine, can be incorporated into the peptidoglycan pentapeptide instead of the usual D-alanyl-D-alanine dipeptide.

References

↑ Dutka-Malen, S., Molinas, C., Arthur, M. and Courvalin, P. (1992). "Sequence of the vanC gene of Enterococcus gallinarum BM4174 encoding a D-alanine:D-alanine ligase-related protein necessary for vancomycin resistance". Gene 112: 53–58. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(92)90302-6. PMID 1551598.
↑ Park, I.S., Lin, C.H. and Walsh, C.T. (1997). "Bacterial resistance to vancomycin: overproduction, purification, and characterization of VanC2 from Enterococcus casseliflavus as a D-Ala-D-Ser ligase". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94: 10040–10044. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.19.10040. PMID 9294159.
↑ Fines, M., Perichon, B., Reynolds, P., Sahm, D.F. and Courvalin, P. (1999). "VanE, a new type of acquired glycopeptide resistance in Enterococcus faecalis BM4405". Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 43: 2161–2164. PMID 10471558.
↑ Depardieu, F., Bonora, M.G., Reynolds, P.E. and Courvalin, P. (2003). "The vanG glycopeptide resistance operon from Enterococcus faecalis revisited". Mol. Microbiol. 50: 931–948. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03737.x. PMID 14617152.
↑ Watanabe, S., Kobayashi, N., Quinones, D., Hayakawa, S., Nagashima, S., Uehara, N. and Watanabe, N. (2009). "Genetic diversity of the low-level vancomycin resistance gene vanC-2/vanC-3 and identification of a novel vanC subtype (vanC-4) in Enterococcus casseliflavus". Microb. Drug Resist. 15: 1–9. doi:10.1089/mdr.2009.0856. PMID 19216682.

External links

D-alanine—D-serine ligase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

Enzymes: CO CS and CN ligases (EC 6.1-6.3)

6.1: Carbon-Oxygen	Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase Alanine Arginine Asparagine Aspartate Cysteine D-alanine—poly(phosphoribitol) ligase Glutamate Glutamine Glycine Histidine Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Methionine Phenylalanine Proline Serine Threonine Tryptophan Tyrosine Valine

6.2: Carbon-Sulfur	Succinyl coenzyme A synthetase Acetyl—CoA synthetase Long-chain-fatty-acid—CoA ligase

6.3: Carbon-Nitrogen	Glutamine synthetase Ubiquitin ligase Cullin Von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor UBE3A Mdm2 Anaphase-promoting complex UBR1 Glutathione synthetase CTP synthetase Adenylosuccinate synthase Argininosuccinate synthase Holocarboxylase synthetase GMP synthase Asparagine synthetase Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I II Glutamate–cysteine ligase

Enzymes

Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Catalytically perfect enzyme Coenzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis Enzyme kinetics Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics

Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor

Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes

Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases(list) EC2 Transferases(list) EC3 Hydrolases(list) EC4 Lyases(list) EC5 Isomerases(list) EC6 Ligases(list)

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