Descendants of James VI and I

King James VI of Scotland and I of England

James VI and I (19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625), the only child of Mary, Queen of Scots, was King of Scots from 1567 and King of England and Ireland from 1603, being the first monarch of the House of Stuart to rule all three countries.

Marriage

Anne of Denmark, wife of King James

In August 1589, James married Anne of Denmark by proxy and their actual wedding ceremony took place in Oslo, Norway, on 23 November of that year. Although James and Anne were close at the beginning of their marriage, they gradually drifted apart. She had been brought up a Lutheran and converted to Catholicism shortly after marrying James, which was unpopular among the people of Presbyterian Scotland (and, later, those of Anglican England).

By the time of her husband's accession to the English throne in 1603, Anne was the mother of three living children (Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, Elizabeth and Charles), but had also suffered at least three miscarriages and stillbirths, and had another four children who died in infancy. Their second son succeeded James as King Charles I.

Children

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages and Issue	Death
Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales		19 February 1594 Stirling Castle, Scotland	Never married no children	6 November 1612 (aged 18)
Elizabeth of Bohemia		19 August 1596 Falkland Palace, Fife	Frederick of Bohemia 8 children. The current UK monarchy stems from her	13 February 1662 (aged 65)
Charles I of England		19 November 1600 Dunfermline, Scotland	Henrietta Maria of France 5 children	30 January 1649 (aged 48)

Descendants of Elisabeth of Bohemia

Elizabeth was the eldest daughter of James VI and I, and the sister of King Charles I. Among her suitors was King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, but she was eventually betrothed to Frederick V, then Elector of the Electorate of the Palatinate in Germany, in 1612.^[1] On 14 February 1613, they married and she took up her place in the court at Heidelberg. In 1619, Frederick was offered and accepted the crown of Bohemia. Elizabeth was crowned Queen of Bohemia on 7 November 1619, three days after her husband was crowned King of Bohemia.^[2] Frederick's rule was extremely brief, and thus Elizabeth became known as the "Winter Queen". Following the Restoration of the English and Scottish monarchies, she traveled to London to visit her nephew, Charles II, and died while there.

With the demise of the Stuart dynasty in 1714, her direct descendants, the Hanoverian rulers, succeeded to the British throne. Elizabeth's youngest daughter, Sophia of Hanover, became the nearest Protestant relative to the English, Scottish and Irish crowns (later British crown). Under the English Act of Settlement, the succession was settled on Sophia and her issue, so her son George Ludwig ascended the throne as George I.

Progeny of Charles Louis I, Elector Palatine

Name of Descendant	Portrait	Birth and Parents	Marriages and Issue	Death	Miscellaneous
Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine		22 December 1617 Son of Elisabeth Stuart and Frederick V, Elector Palatine	Charlotte 3 children Marie Luise 13 children Elisabeth Hollander von Bernau 1 child	28 August 1680 (aged 63)	Is most infamous for annulling his marriage to Charlotte, his first wife and his subsequent bigamous and morganatic marriage to Marie Luise von Degenfeld; Was the father of the famous Duchess 'Liselotte' of Orléans, the second wife of Philippe I, Duke of Orléans, and hence is an ancestor of the House of Orléans; has other less notable descendants as well. His progeny were genealogically senior to the progeny of his sister, Sophia of Hanover, but were passed over for the latter in the Act of Settlement 1701, allowing only Protestant descendants of Sophia to inherit the throne of Great Britain
Charles II, Elector Palatine		31 March 1651 Son of Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine and Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel	Princess Wilhelmina Ernestine of Denmark No Issue	26 May 1685 (aged 34)	After his death, due to the succession rules in the Palatinate, the Electorate passed to the Catholic Neuburg branch of the House of Wittelsbach. However his sister Elizabeth Charlotte, Duchess of Orléans, constituted a rival claim, one which was manipulated by her brother-in-law, Louis XIV of France, causing the Nine Years War
Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate		27 May 1652 Daughter of Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine and Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel	Philippe I, Duke of Orléans 3 children	8 December 1722 (aged 70)	Along with her husband, she is the founder of the modern House of Orléans. She also has many other descendants, belonging to, among others, the Spanish, Italian, Bulgarian, Austrian royal houses
Karoline von der Pfalz		19 November 1659 Daughter of Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine, and Marie Luise von Degenfeld	Meinhardt Schomberg, 3rd Duke of Schomberg	28 June 1696 (aged 37)	Her progeny are the lesser known, yet no less greater, descendants of Charles Louis of the Palatine and his morganatic wife, Marie Luise von Degenfeld Since in England there was no concept of morganatic marriages, her progeny would ideally have been in the Line of succession to the British throne. However, the Act of Settlement 1701 had already reserved the throne for the Protestant descendants of Sophia of Hanover, her aunt.

Progeny of Edward of Palatine-Simmern

Name of Descendant	Portrait	Birth and Parents	Marriages and Issue	Death	Miscellaneous
Edward of Palatine-Simmern		5 October 1625 Son of Elisabeth Stuart and Frederick V, Elector Palatine	Anna Gonzaga 3 children	10 March 1663	Had his wife not influenced him to convert to Catholicism from Protestantism, the succession to the British throne might have passed to his daughters; has varied descendants, including figures such as Louis XVI of France, Maria Amalia of Saxony, the Queen of Spain as the wife of Charles III of Spain and Frederick Augustus I of Saxony
Louisa Mary of Simmern		23 July 1647 Daughter of Edward of the Palatinate-Simmern and Anna Gonzaga	Charles Theodore, Prince of Salm 1 child	11 March 1679
Anne Henrietta of Simmern		23 July 1648 Daughter of Edward of the Palatinate-Simmern and Anna Gonzaga	Henry III, Prince of Condé 5 children	23 February 1723 (aged 74)	Two of her daughters married into the Conti line of the House of Bourbon and illegitimate Maine line respectively. Hence she was an ancestor of the Conde branch and its cadet Conti line, through her son and daughter. She is also an ancestor of Henri, Count of Paris, the current Orleanist pretender to the extinct French throne, of Felipe VI, the present King of Spain and of Victor Emmanuel, pretender to the Italian throne.
Benedicta Henrietta of the Palatinate		14 March 1652 Daughter of Edward of the Palatinate-Simmern and Anna Gonzaga	John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg 2 children	12 August 1730	Through her elder daughter Charlotte, she is an ancestor of Robert, Archduke of Austria-Este, Henri, Count of Paris and Felipe VI of Spain. Through her younger daughter, Wilhelmina Amalia, she was an ancestor of Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony and his wife Maria Antonia Walpurgis of Bavaria, Maria Amalia of Saxony, who was Queen of Spain, Maria Anna Sophia of Saxony, Electress of Bavaria, Marie-Josèphe, the mother of Louis XVI of France, among others

Progeny of Sophia of the Palatinate

Name of Descendant	Portrait	Birth and Parents	Marriages and Issue	Death	Miscellaneous
Sophia of Hanover		14 October 1630 Daughter of Elizabeth Stuart and Frederick V, Elector Palatine	Ernst Augustus 7 children	8 June 1714 (aged 83)	The Act of Settlement, 1701 declared her heiress to the British throne, and to her cousin Anne, excluding all other Catholic contenders being the only Protestant descendant of James I. The throne eventually passed to her son George Ludwig, who ascended as George I of Great Britain. Her daughter married into the Prussian Royal family, hence she has numerous descendants. (See Line of succession to the British throne)
George I of Great Britain		28 May 1660 Son of Sophia of Hanover and Ernest Augustus, Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg	Sophia Dorothea of Celle 2 children 3 illegitimate children	11 June 1727 (aged 67)	Has many modern day descendants. Through his son he is a direct ancestor of the House of Windsor. His daughter married into the Royal House of Prussia, hence he has the same descendants as his sister, Sophia Charlotte of Hanover (see below). His illegitimate daughter Lady Stanhope was probably the mother of Benedict Swingate Calvert and hence a grandmother of George Washington Parke Custis, stepgrandson and adopted son of George Washington
George II of Great Britain		10 November 1683 Son of George I and Sophia Dorothea of Celle	Caroline of Ansbach 8 children	25 October 1760 (aged 76)	His main descendants are the present royal House of Windsor, however, his daughters Mary, Louise and Anne married into the Houses of Hesse, Oldenburg and Orange-Nassau respectively. Therefore, the current Danish Royal Family, Dutch Royal Family and the Landgravial House of Hesse-Kassel can claim descent from him. Also, the heir to the British Throne, Charles, Prince of Wales is descended from him through 5 different lines
Frederick, Prince of Wales		1 February 1707 Son of George II of Great Britain and Caroline of Ansbach	Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha 9 children	20 March 1751	His son ascended the throne as George III of Great Britain. Two of his daughters, Augusta and Caroline Matilda, married into the Houses of Brunswick-Bevern and Oldenburg respectively. Through Augusta, Duchess of Brunswick, he is an ancestor of Jean Christophe, Prince Napoléon and Caroline of Brunswick, spouse of George IV of Great Britain and through his great-grandson Prince Paul of Württemberg, is an ancestor of the present Belgian, Danish, Dutch, Luxembourg, Norwegian and Swedish Royal families.
George III of Great Britain		4 June 1738 Son of Frederick, Prince of Wales and Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha	Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 15 children	29 January 1820	George's descendants include, through his granddaughter, Queen Victoria, not only members of the House of Windsor, but the current monarchs of Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Spain, the former monarchs of Greece and Romania, as well as the heads of the former ruling houses of Germany (Prussia) and Serbia. Through George III's son, the Duke of Cumberland, he was a direct patrilineal ancestor of Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick and as such the modern House of Hanover, the only extant line of the House of Welf.
Sophia Dorothea of Hanover		16 March 1687 Daughter of George I of Great Britain and Sophia Dorothea of Celle	Frederick William I of Prussia 10 children	28 June 1757	Her husband was her paternal first cousin. Some of her prominent descendants include Queen Louisa Ulrika of Sweden, Maria Feodorovna, Empress of Russia, Anna Pavlovna of Russia (an ancestor of the present Dutch Royal family), Catharina of Württemberg, second wife of Jérôme Bonaparte, among many others. Also, through her great-grandson, Duke Louis of Württemberg, she is an ancestor of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, Juan Carlos I of Spain and Jean Christophe, Prince Napoléon
Sophia Charlotte of Hanover		30 October 1668 daughter of Sophia of Hanover and Ernest Augustus, Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg	Frederick I of Prussia 1 child	1 February 1705	Her son married his first cousin Sophia Dorothea of Hanover (see above), and fathered many children, hence she is also an ancestor of Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, Juan Carlos I of Spain and Jean Christophe, Prince Napoléon

Descendants of Charles I of England

Charles I, the second son of James VI and I was King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. The monarchy was then abolished and a republic called the Commonwealth of England, also referred to as the Cromwellian Interregnum, was declared. Charles's son, Charles II, became king after the restoration of the monarchy in 1660.

Progeny of Charles II

Name of Descendant	Portrait	Birth and Parents	Marriages and Issue	Death	Miscellaneous
Charles II of England		29 May 1630 St. James's Palace, London Son of Charles I of England and Henrietta Maria of France	Catherine of Braganza No issue 8 illegitimate children	6 February 1685(aged 54)	See Descendants of Charles II of England; Ancestor of Diana, Princess of Wales and Sarah, Duchess of York
James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth		9 April 1649 Rotterdam, Netherlands Son of Charles II and Lucy Walter	Anne Scott, 1st Duchess of Buccleuch	15 July 1685 (aged 36)	Ancestor of Spencer Perceval, Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester and Sarah, Duchess of York
Charles FitzCharles, 1st Earl of Plymouth		1657 Westminster, England Son of Charles II and Catherine Pegge	Lady Bridget Osborne No issue	17 October 1680 (aged 23)	Has no surviving descendants
Charles Fitzroy, 2nd Duke of Cleveland		18 June 1662 Son of Charles II and Barbara Villiers, 1st Duchess of Cleveland	Mary Wood no issue Anne Pulteney had issue	9 September 1730 (aged 68)	Has no surviving descendants
Charlotte Lee, Countess of Lichfield		5 September 1664 Daughter of Charles II and Barbara Villiers, 1st Duchess of Cleveland	Edward Lee, 1st Earl of Lichfield 18 children	17 February 1718 (aged 54)	Ancestor of Anthony Eden; Her great-great-granddaughter Eleanor Calvert married John Parke Custis, stepson of George Washington. She is also an ancestor of the Mitford sisters
Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Grafton		28 September 1663 Son of Charles II and Barbara Villiers, 1st Duchess of Cleveland	Isabella Bennet, 2nd Countess of Arlington 1 son	9 October 1690 (aged 27)	Ancestor of Diana, Princess of Wales
George FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Northumberland		28 December 1665 Son of Charles II and Barbara Villiers, 1st Duchess of Cleveland	Catherine Wheatly No issue Mary Dutton No issue	28 June 1716 (aged 51)	Has no surviving descendants
Charles Beauclerk, 1st Duke of St Albans		8 May 1670 Son of Charles II and Nell Gwynne	Diana de Vere 12 children 1 illegitimate daughter	10 May 1726 (aged 56)	Ancestor of Samantha Cameron, wife of Conservative Leader David Cameron
Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond		29 July 1672 England Son of Charles II and Louise de Kérouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth	Anne Brudenell 3 children 1 illegitimate child	27 May 1723 (aged 51)	Ancestor of Diana, Princess of Wales

Progeny of Princess Mary

Name of Descendant	Portrait	Birth and Parents	Marriages and Issue	Death	Miscellaneous
Mary of England		4 November 1631, Daughter of Charles I of England and Henrietta Maria of France	William II, Prince of Orange 1 son	24 December 1660 (aged 29)	Her son became William III of England; She has no surviving descendants
William III of England		14 November 1650, Son of Mary and William II	Mary II of England No Issue	8 March 1702 (aged 51)	Deposed his uncle James II of England and was crowned King, Married his cousin, Princess Mary, and jointly ruled with her; has no surviving descendants

Progeny of James II of England

Name of Descendant	Portrait	Birth and Parents	Marriages and Issue	Death	Miscellaneous
James II of England		14 October 1633, Son of Charles I of England and Henrietta Maria of France	Anne Hyde 2 children Mary of Modena 2 children	16 September 1701 (aged 67)	Was deposed in the Glorious Revolution; replaced by his nephew and his daughter, William III and Mary II ; Has descendants to this day
Mary II of England		30 April 1662, Daughter of James II and Lady Anne Hyde	William III of England No Issue	28 December 1694 (aged 32)	Ruled jointly with her cousin and husband, William ; Has no descendants
Anne, Queen of Great Britain		6 February 1665, Daughter of James II and Lady Anne Hyde	Prince George of Denmark 17 children	1 August 1714 (aged 49)	Presided over the union of England and Scotland as Great Britain; Her only son to survive infanthood, Prince William, Duke of Gloucester, died young, hence she has no descendants
James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick		21 August 1670, Son of James II and Arabella Churchill	Honora de Burgh 1 children Anne Bulkeley 10 children	12 June 1734 (aged 64)	Has surviving descendants
James Francis Edward Stuart		10 June 1688, Son of James II and Mary of Modena	Maria Klementyna Sobieska 2 children	1 January 1766 (aged 77)	The House of Stuart ended with the death of his second son, the Cardinal of York; has descendants to this day
Louisa Maria Teresa Stuart		28 June 1692, Daughter of James II and Mary of Modena	Never married	18 April 1712 (aged 19)	She was the last legitimate female scion of the House of Stuart, other than her elder half sister, Anne; She was a possible match for Charles XII of Sweden, her first cousin, once removed Charles, Duke of Berry, and another cousin, the future George II of England; Has no descendants

Progeny of Henrietta of England

Name of Descendant	Portrait	Birth and Parents	Marriages and Issue	Death	Miscellaneous
Henrietta of England		16 June or 26 June 1644, Daughter of Charles I of England and Henrietta Maria of France	Philippe I, Duke of Orléans 2 children	30 June 1670 (aged 26)	She died young, after giving birth to her second child with her husband. Her descendants include King Juan Carlos of Spain, Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg and Franz, Duke of Bavaria among others. After the extinction of the House of Stuart with the death of Henry Benedict Stuart, the rights of succession to the British Throne, as per primogeniture, passed to her descendants.
Marie Louise d'Orléans		26 March 1662, Daughter of Philippe d'Orléans and Henrietta	Charles II of Spain No Issue	12 February 1689 (aged 26)	Was the first wife of the Last Habsburg monarch of Spain, Charles II; Has no descendants
Anne Marie d'Orléans		27 August 1669, Daughter of Philippe d'Orléans and Henrietta	Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia 3 children	26 August 1728 (aged 69)	Has surviving descendants; her daughter married into the French Royal Family and became the mother of Louis XV of France

References

1. Emery Walker, Historical Portraits 1600-1700, READ BOOKS, 2007
2. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland; Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland; Museum, 2001