Diammonium phosphate
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| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
diammonium hydrogen phosphate | |
| Other names
ammonium monohydrogen phosphate, ammonium phosphate dibasic | |
| Identifiers | |
7783-28-0  | |
| ChemSpider | 22946 |
| Jmol interactive 3D | Image |
| PubChem | 24540 |
| UNII | 10LGE70FSU |
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| Properties | |
| (NH4)2HPO4 | |
| Molar mass | 132.06 g/mol |
| Appearance | white powder |
| Density | 1.619 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 155 °C (311 °F; 428 K) decomposes |
| 57.5 g/100 mL (10 °C) 106.7 g/100 mL (100 °C) | |
| Solubility | insoluble in alcohol, acetone and liquid ammonia |
| Refractive index (nD) |
1.52 |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH |
−1566.91 kJ/mol |
| Hazards | |
| Safety data sheet | ICSC 0217 |
| NFPA 704 | |
| Flash point | Non-flammable |
| Related compounds | |
| Other anions |
Monoammonium phosphate Triammonium phosphate |
| Other cations |
Disodium phosphate Dipotassium phosphate |
| Related compounds |
Ammonium nitrate Ammonium sulfate |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
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| Infobox references | |
Diammonium phosphate (DAP) (chemical formula (NH4)2HPO4, IUPAC name diammonium hydrogen phosphate) is one of a series of water-soluble ammonium phosphate salts that can be produced when ammonia reacts with phosphoric acid. Solid diammonium phosphate shows a dissociation pressure of ammonia as given by the following expression and equation:[2]
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where:
- P = the resultant dissociation pressure of ammonia
- T = absolute temperature (K)
At 100 °C, the dissociation pressure of diammonium phosphate is approximately 5 mmHg.[3]
Uses
DAP is used as a fertilizer.[4] When applied as plant food, it temporarily increases the soil pH, but over a long term the treated ground becomes more acidic than before upon nitrification of the ammonium. It is incompatible with alkaline chemicals because its ammonium ion is more likely to convert to ammonia in a high-pH environment. The average pH in solution is 7.5–8.[5] The typical formulation is 18-46-0 (18% N, 46% P2O5, 0% K2O).[5]
DAP can be used as a fire retardant. It lowers the combustion temperature of the material, decreases maximum weight loss rates, and causes an increase in the production of residue or char.[6] These are important effects in fighting wildfires as lowering the pyrolysis temperature and increasing the amount of char formed reduces that amount of available fuel and can lead to the formation of a firebreak. It is the largest component of some popular commercial firefighting products.[7]
DAP is also used as a yeast nutrient in winemaking and mead brewing; as an additive in some brands of cigarettes purportedly as a nicotine enhancer; to prevent afterglow in matches, in purifying sugar; as a flux for soldering tin, copper, zinc and brass; and to control precipitation of alkali-soluble and acid-insoluble colloidal dyes on wool.[1]
External links
- International Chemical Safety Card 0217
- Diammonium phosphate fertilizer manufacturing process flowsheet
References
- 1 2 Pradyot Patnaik. Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. McGraw-Hill, 2002, ISBN 0-07-049439-8
- ↑ John R Van Wazer (1958). Phosphorus And Its Compounds - Volume I: Chemistry. New York: Interscience Publishers, Inc. p. 503.
- ↑ McKetta Jr, John J., ed. (1990). Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing and Design (Chemical Processing and Design Encyclopedia). New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc. p. 478. ISBN 0-8247-2485-2.
- ↑ IPNI. "Diammonium Phosphate" (PDF). www.ipni.net. International Plant Nutrition Institute. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
- 1 2 International Plant Nutrition Institute. "Nutrient Source Specifics: Diammonium Phosphate" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-12-10.
- ↑ George, C.W.; Susott, R.A. (April 1971). "Effects of Ammonium Phosphate and Sulfate on the Pyrolysis and Combustion of Cellulose". Research Paper INT-90 (Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station: USDA Forest Service).
- ↑ Phos-Chek MSDS, Phos-Chek website