Dipotassium phosphate

Dipotassium phosphate

Names
IUPAC name Potassium hydrogen phosphate
Other names Potassium monohydrogen phosphate Phosphoric acid dipotassium salt Potassium phosphate dibasic
Identifiers
CAS Number	7758-11-4
ChEBI	CHEBI:131527
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1200459
ChemSpider	22858
EC Number	231-834-5
Jmol interactive 3D	Image
PubChem	24450
UNII	CI71S98N1Z
InChI InChI=1S/2K.H3O4P/c;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;(H3,1,2,3,4)/q2*+1;/p-2 Key: ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L InChI=1/2K.H3O4P/c;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;(H3,1,2,3,4)/q2*+1;/p-2 Key: ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-NUQVWONBAH
SMILES [K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)O
Properties
Chemical formula	K2HPO4
Molar mass	174.2 g/mol
Appearance	white powder deliquescent
Odor	odorless
Density	2.44 g/cm^3
Melting point	> 465 °C (869 °F; 738 K) decomposes
Solubility in water	149.25 g/100 mL (20 °C)
Solubility	slightly soluble in alcohol
Acidity (pKa)	12.4
Basicity (pKb)	6.8
Hazards
NFPA 704	0 2 0
Flash point	Non-flammable
Related compounds
Other cations	Disodium phosphate Diammonium phosphate
Related compounds	Monopotassium phosphate Tripotassium phosphate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Dipotassium phosphate (K₂HPO₄) (also dipotassium hydrogen orthophosphate; potassium phosphate dibasic) is a highly water-soluble salt which is often used as a fertilizer, food additive and buffering agent. It is a common source of phosphorus and potassium.

A dipotassium phosphate solution is formed by the stoichiometric reaction of phosphoric acid with two equivalents of potassium hydroxide:

H₃PO₄ + 2 KOH → K₂HPO₄ + 2 H₂O

Uses

As a food additive, dipotassium phosphate is used in imitation dairy creamers, dry powder beverages, mineral supplements, and starter cultures.^[1] It is used in non-dairy creamers to prevent coagulation.^[2]

Dipotassium phosphate is also used to make buffer solutions and it is used in the production of trypticase soy agar which is used to make agar plates for culturing bacteria.

Safety

As a food additive, dipotassium phosphate is categorized in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).^[3]

References

1. John H. Thorngate iii, Seppo Salminen , Larry A . Branen , and Michael P . Davidson, eds. (2001). "Food Phosphates". Food Additives. CRC Press. doi:10.1201/9780824741709.ch25. ISBN 978-0-8247-9343-2.
2. "dipotassium phosphate". Retrieved 2009-01-06. (uses: Food Industry)
3. "Database of Select Committee on GRAS Substances (SCOGS) Reviews". Retrieved 2008-03-22. (listed as "potassium phosphate, dibasic")