Dion Fortune

Dion Fortune
Born Violet Mary Firth
6 December 1890
Llandudno, Wales
Died 6 January 1946 (aged 55)
Middlesex, London
Occupation Occultist, author

Dion Fortune, born Violet Mary Firth (6 December 1890 – 6 January 1946), was a prominent British occultist and author who established the Society of the Inner Light. Schooled in Western esotericism, she was a prolific writer of the supernatural and the occult in both novels and non-fiction works.

Born in Llandudno, North Wales, to a wealthy middle-class English family, little is known of Fortune's early life. By her teenage years she was living in England's West Country, where she authored two books of poetry. After studying at a horticultural college she moved to London, where she studied psychology and psychoanalysis at the University of London and began working as a counsellor in a psychotherapy clinic. During the First World War she joined the Women's Land Army. She became interested in esotericism through the teachings of the Theosophical Society, coming to believe that she was being contacted by spiritual entities known as the Ascended Masters, one of whom was "the Master Jesus". In 1919 she was initiated into the Alpha et Omega, an esoteric organisation, within which she embarked on experiments in trance mediumship.

Known to those in her inner circle as DF, her pseudonym was inspired by her family motto "Deo, non-fortuna" (Latin for "by God, not fate"), originally the ancient motto of the Barons and Earls Digby.[1] Fortune died in 1946 from leukemia in Middlesex, London, at the age of 55.

Biography

Early life: 1890–1913

Fortune was born Violet Mary Firth on 6 December 1890 at her family home on Bryn-y-Bia Road in Llandudno, North Wales.[2] The Firths were a wealthy English family who had gained their money through the steel industry in Sheffield, Yorkshire, where they had specialised in the production of guns.[3] Fortune's paternal grandfather John Firth had devised a family motto, "Deo, non Fortuna" ("God, not Luck"), to mark out their nouveau riche status; she would later make use of it in creating her pseudonym.[4] One of John's sons – and Fortune's uncle – was the historian Charles Harding Firth, while her father, Arthur, had run a Sheffield law firm prior to establishing a hydropathic establishment in Limpley Stoke, Wiltshire.[5] In August 1886 Arthur Firth married Sarah Jane Smith,[6] before they relocated to Llandudno where Arthur established the new Craigside Hydrotherapeutic Establishment.[7]

Llandudno in 1860

Little is known about Fortune's time in Wales,[8] in part because throughout her life she was deliberately elusive in providing biographical details about herself.[9] Her mother was keenly interested in Christian Science,[10] and while biographer Gareth Knight suggested that both of Firth's parents were active practitioners of the religion,[11] fellow biographer Alan Richardson argued that there was insufficient evidence to support this latter idea.[12] In later life she reported that from the age of four she had experienced visions of Atlantis, something which she believed were past life memories.[13] The Firths were still in Llandudno in 1900,[14] although by 1904 Fortune was living in Somerset, south-west England.[15] That year, she authored a book of poetry, titled Violets, which was likely published by her family.[16] It was reviewed in the May 1905 volume of The Girls' Room, in which it was accompanied by the only known photograph of Fortune as a girl.[17] In 1906, her second book of poetry, More Violets, was published.[18]

After John Firth's death, Arthur Smith moved with his family to London.[19] According to Richardson they lived in the area around Liverpool Street in the east of the city,[20] while conversely Knight stated that they lived first in Bedford Park and then Kensington, both in the west of the city.[11] From January 1911 to December 1912 Fortune studied at Studley Agricultural College in Warwickshire, a horticultural institution which advertised itself as being ideal for girls with psychological problems. Her proficiency with poultry led her to become a staff member at the college from January to April 1913.[21] She later claimed that at the college she was the victim of mental manipulation from her employer, the college warden Lillias Hamilton, resulting in a mental breakdown that made her abandon the college.[22]

Psychotherapy and esotericism: 1913–

To recover from this experience, she began studying psychotherapy,[23] and although her initial interest was in the work of Sigmund Freud and Alfred Adler, she later moved on to the work of Carl Jung.[24] She studied psychology and psychoanalysis under John Flügel at the University of London,[25] before gaining employment at a psychological clinic in London's Brunswick Square, which was likely run under the jurisdiction of the London School of Medicine for Women. Working as a counsellor from 1914 until 1916, most of those she dealt with were coming to terms with sexual urges that were considered taboo in British society.[26] Affiliated with the Society for the Study of Orthopsychics, it was through this that she gave a series of lectures that were later published in 1922 as The Machinery of the Mind.[27] While working here, she developed her interest in esotericism by attending lunchtime lectures organised by the Theosophical Society and reading some of the organisation's literature.[28] She also befriended the occultist Theodore Moriarty, believing that he could help one of her patients, a young man who had recently been fighting in the trenches and who claimed to be plagued by unexplained physical phenomena. Moriarty performed an exorcism, claiming that the young man was the victim of the soul of a deceased East European soldier which had latched onto him as a parasite.[29] With her interest in occultism increasing, Fortune became increasingly dissatisfied with the effectiveness of psychotherapy.[30]

"The Order [of the Golden Dawn] suffered severely during the First World War, and Mathers himself died in Paris from influenza during the epidemic. When I came in touch with his organisation, it was manned mainly by widows and grey-bearded ancients, and did not appear to be a very promising field of occult endeavour. But I had considerable experience of practical occultism before I made its acquaintance, and I immediately recognised power of a degree and kind I had never met before, and had not the slightest doubt but that I was on the trail of the genuine tradition, despites its inadequate exposition."

– Dion Fortune.[31]

After the United Kingdom entered the First World War, Fortune joined the Women's Land Army.[32] She was initially stationed on a farm near to Bishop's Stortford on the borders between Essex and Hertfordshire.[33] She was later stationed at an experimental base for the Food Production Department.[34] She began experimenting with the production of soy milk, subsequently founding the Letchworth-based Garden City Pure Food Company to sell her products and publishing The Soya Bean: An Appeal to Humanitarians in 1925.[35] After a spiritual experience, Fortune began reading further Theosophical literature.[36] After doing so, she became preoccupied by the idea of the Ascended Masters, claiming to have had visions of two such entities, the Master Jesus and the Master Rakoczi.[37]

Her first magical mentor was the Irish occultist and Freemason Theodore Moriarty (1873–1923).[38] She became an accolade of his Masonic-influenced lodge, which was based in Hammersmith,[39] and also joined his community of followers to live at Gwen Stafford-Allen's home in Bishop Stortford.[40] Moriarty spent much time talking about the lost city of Atlantis, a topic that would also come to be embraced by Fortune.[41] Fortune later fictionalised Moriarty as the character Dr Taverner, who appeared in her later writings.[42] There, she also referred to exorcisms carried out by Moriarty, designed to remove the power of what she portrayed as etheric vampires from attacking humans.[43]

In 1919 she was initiated into the London Temple of the Alpha et Omega, a group that had developed from the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, where her primary teacher was Maiya Curtis-Webb,[44] a longstanding friend of her family.[45] Fortune was not enamoured with the ceremonial magic system that had developed from the Golden Dawn,[46] later claiming that in the period after the First World War it was "manner mainly by widows and grey-bearded ancients".[47] However, it gave a grounding in the study of the Hermetic Qabalah, which would come to be a great influence over her esoteric world-view,[48] and it was also through her involvement in the group that she embraced her family motto, "Deo, non Fortuna", as her personal magical motto.[49] In January and March 1921 she embarked on a series of trance mediumship with Curtis-Webb,[50] culminating in an instance of trance mediumship that she conducted in the Somerset town of Glastonbury with her mother and Frederick Bligh Bond in which she claimed to have contacted spirit-entities known as "the Watchers of Avalon" who informed her that Glastonbury had once been the site of an ancient druidic college.[51] Bond subsequently commissioned Fortune to author a 1922 article, "Psychology and Occultism", for the published transactions of the College of Psychic Science.[52]

Fortune was however expelled from the Golden Dawn by Moina Mathers.[53] She claimed that after leaving the Golden Dawn, she experienced a magical attack in which she was confronted and assaulted by both real and etheric cats.[54]

"The 'Fraternity of Inner Light' was founded by me in agreement with Mrs Mathers, to be an Outer Court to the Golden Dawn system. All went well at first, and I was in high favour; but presently I fell from grace; why I never knew. No specific charges were levelled against me save that of not having the proper symbols in my aura. Finally I was turned out without reason assigned, save the ridiculous one above."

– Dion Fortune.[55]

Fortune had never been particularly popular among Mortiarty's followers,[53] but after he died in August 1923, she tried to convince his followers to accept her as their new leader. Although some did, many others instead accepted the leadership of Gwen Stafford-Allen.[56] By 1924, she had purchased a house off of Bayswater Road in London, which she used as her temple.[57] In 1922, Firth's parents had relocated to the garden city of Letchworth in Hertfordshire.[58]

Fortune joined the Christian Mystic Lodge of the Theosophical Society, which was run by Daisy M. Grove.[59] She claimed that she had done so after receiving instructions from the Masters.[60] She became its president,[61] although later resigned from the Society amid arguments with others, namely Leadbeater.[61] After Krishnamurti abandoned Theosophy, resulting in problems for the Theosophical movement, Fortune endorsed the 'Back to Blavatsky' faction, attacking Leadbeater in print by accusing him of being a practitioner of black magic.[62] She then involved herself with Bomanji Wadia and his United Lodge of Theosophists, through which she claimed to have contacted the Himalayan Masters. She nevertheless was cautious about them, relating that although she felt that they were "not evil, it was to me alien and unsympathetic, and it seemed to me that it was hostile to my race".[63] Unhappy with the concept of promoting Indian religious beliefs in Britain, she left the group.[64] Subsequently, she claimed that Wadia had begun to psychically attack her.[65]

Lectures

Like noted American occultist Paul Foster Case, Fortune fell out with Moina Mathers, head of the Alpha et Omega, in the early 1920s. Fortune also claimed she was coming under magical attack.[66][67] Unlike Case, who was expelled from Alpha et Omega, Fortune, in 1922 and with Moina's consent, left the Alpha et Omega and with her husband, Penry Evans[66] formed the Fraternity of the Inner Light as an offshoot of the Alpha et Omega.[68][69] This brought new members to the Alpha et Omega.[70] Fortune's group was later renamed "The Society of the Inner Light". This society was to be the focus of her work for the rest of her life. In 1925 Dion Fortune became the president of the Christian Mystic Lodge of the Theosophical Society but left it same year.

In later life, there were unsubstantiated rumours that Fortune had sexual relationships with both men and women.[47]

Fortune died of leukaemia in January 1946, at the age of 55.[71] She bequeathed most of her money to her Society.[72] Members of the society have alleged that her successor destroyed most of her diaries, correspondences, and photographs.[73]

Books and other writings

Beginning in 1919,[66] she wrote a number of novels and short stories that explored various aspects of magic and mysticism, including The Demon Lover, The Winged Bull, The Goat-Foot God, and The Secrets of Dr. Taverner.[74] This latter is a collection of short stories based on her experiences with Theodore Moriarty. Two of her novels, The Sea Priestess and Moon Magic, became influential within the Goddess Movement and Wicca, especially upon Doreen Valiente.[75] Fortune's novels demonstrate the extent to which she is influenced by the Qabalistic Tree of Life, in that the themes of the novels correlate to the different Sephiroth on the Tree of Life. For example, Goat Foot God is in part about a man in need of balancing his psyche by expanding his energy in the Sephira "Netzach," represented by the figure of Pan (god), and the Sea Priestess is in part about assimilating the energy of the Sephira "Yesod," represented by the Moon and its importance throughout the novel.[76]

Of her works on magical subjects, the best remembered of her books are; The Cosmic Doctrine,[77] a summation of her basic teachings on mysticism, Psychic Self-Defense,[78] a manual on how to protect oneself from psychic attacks and the seminal book of knowledge known as the The Mystical Qabalah,[79] an introduction to Hermetic Qabalah which was first published in England in 1935, and is regarded as one of the best books on magic ever written.[66]

According to authors Charles and Collins Carr, her writings have the virtue of lucidity[80] and avoid the deliberate obscurity that characterized many of her forerunners and contemporaries in explaining the ancient "Wisdom Teachings".[81]

According to author Diana Paxson, in a letter to Random House regarding her sister-in-law Marion Zimmer Bradley she credits Dion Fortune's Avalon of the Heart and novels as the inspiration for The Mists of Avalon. In the letter, she says "In particular, Mists of Avalon was a story of a woman's spiritual quest. The spirituality of Avalon derives from the British Mystery tradition, especially as it was interpreted by the occult writer Dion Fortune, whose character, Miss LeFay Morgan, is both a progenitor and descendant of Morgaine. In addition, Marion drew upon Dion Fortune's non-fiction book, Avalon of the Heart. For a time, Dion Fortune lived in Glastonbury, in a cottage at the base of the Tor, in the Chalice Orchard, Glastonbury, home of the legendary Glastonbury Tor is still a sacred center of pilgrimage for many."

Dion Fortune's early 20th century occult and supernatural non-fiction writings also influenced other fantasy fiction authors of novels, comic books, graphic novels and video games.

The work that is considered her masterpiece by occultists and occult sympathizers is The Mystical Qabalah, first published in England in 1935.[75][82][83]

Fortune's occult experiences during WWII are written about in the Magical Battle of Britain, which was an effort by British occultists to instruct their followers in meditation through newsletters during World War II.[84][85][86]

Grave of Dion Fortune

Dion Fortune maintained a residence and teaching center in Glastonbury at the base of the Glastonbury Tor. While there she claimed to make trance contact with the Esoteric Order known as the Secret Chiefs. Between 1941–42 the information she purportedly channeled became known as The Arthurian Formula which formed a cornerstone of the inner work of the Society of the Inner Light. A book on the subject edited by Gareth Knight was released in 2006.

Her Society of the Inner Light continues to function, and has also given rise to other orders, including The London Group, until recently headed by Alan Adams (aka Charles Fielding),[87][88][89] and Servants of the Light, headed by Dolores Ashcroft-Nowicki.[66]

Ideology

Writing in The Occult Review, Fortune stated that "Do not let it be forgotten that our traditions are racial. What that great initiate Rudolf Steiner did for the German-speaking races someone must do for those who use a Latin-root language and the Anglo-Saxon tongue."[90]

Personality and personal life

Richardson characterised Fortune as being "honest, and other ruthless with her honesty".[91] He also described her as being "an essentially good woman who had strands of darkness within".[92] Chapman noted that she "set an example of super-achievement, self-sacrifice, and personal integrity" and that "sexually, she was modest, faithful, and chaste".[93]

The historian Ronald Hutton noted that in her political and social views, Fortune was likely a High Tory.[94]

Legacy

Richardson noted that she had fallen into "relative obscurity" after her death, having been overshadowed by her more famous contemporary, Aleister Crowley.[95] Hutton nevertheless considered her to be the "foremost female figure" of early 20th century British occultism.[96] Similarly, Knight termed her "one of the leading occultists of her generation".[97]

Fielding and Carr's work was based upon the authors' interactions with older members of the Society,[98] while Richardson's book relied heavily on the recollections of Christine Hartley.[98]

Bibliography

Non-fiction

Fiction

References

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Knight, Gareth; Dion Fortune and the Inner Light, Thoth, 2000, ISBN 1-870450-45-0, p 2.
  2. ↑ Chapman 1993, p. 3; Knight 2000, p. 13; Richardson 2007, pp. 21, 40.
  3. ↑ Chapman 1993, p. 3; Richardson 2007, pp. 23, 27–28.
  4. ↑ Knight 2000, p. 53; Richardson 2007, p. 28.
  5. ↑ Richardson 2007, pp. 30, 33.
  6. ↑ Richardson 2007, pp. 36–37.
  7. ↑ Chapman 1993, p. 3; Knight 2000, p. 14; Richardson 2007, pp. 43–44.
  8. ↑ Richardson 2007, p. 45.
  9. ↑ Chapman 1993, p. xvii; Richardson 2007, p. 24.
  10. ↑ Hutton 1999, p. 181; Richardson 2007, p. 51.
  11. 1 2 Knight 2000, p. 17.
  12. ↑ Richardson 2007, p. 51.
  13. ↑ Knight 2000, pp. 14–15; Richardson 2007, p. 47.
  14. ↑ Richardson 2007, p. 50.
  15. ↑ Knight 2000, p. 15; Richardson 2007, p. 52.
  16. ↑ Knight 2000, p. 16; Richardson 2007, pp. 52–53.
  17. ↑ Knight 2000, p. 16; Richardson 2007, p. 54.
  18. ↑ Knight 2000, p. 16; Richardson 2007, p. 53.
  19. ↑ Knight 2000, p. 17; Richardson 2007, p. 59.
  20. ↑ Richardson 2007, p. 59.
  21. ↑ Chapman 1993, pp. 4–5; Knight 2000, pp. 21, 22, 24; Richardson 2007, p. 65.
  22. ↑ Chapman 1993, pp. 3–4; Knight 2000, pp. 21–22, 24–27; Richardson 2007, pp. 63–64.
  23. ↑ Knight 2000, p. 29; Richardson 2007, pp. 70–71.
  24. ↑ Chapman 1993, p. 5; Richardson 2007, p. 77.
  25. ↑ Chapman 1993, p. 5; Richardson 2007, p. 72.
  26. ↑ Chapman 1993, p. 6; Knight 2000, pp. 29, 31; Richardson 2007, p. 72.
  27. ↑ Knight 2000, p. 30; Richardson 2007, p. 73.
  28. ↑ Chapman 1993, p. 6; Knight 2000, p. 33.
  29. ↑ Knight 2000, pp. 33–34.
  30. ↑ Knight 2000, p. 35; Richardson 2007, pp. 72–73.
  31. ↑ Knight 2000, p. 56.
  32. ↑ Chapman 1993, p. 6; Knight 2000, p. 35; Richardson 2007, p. 93.
  33. ↑ Knight 2000, p. 36; Richardson 2007, p. 98.
  34. ↑ Chapman 1993, pp. 6–7; Knight 2000, pp. 37–38; Richardson 2007, pp. 93, 100.
  35. ↑ Chapman 1993, p. 7; Knight 2000, p. 38; Richardson 2007, p. 100.
  36. ↑ Knight 2000, p. 39; Richardson 2007, pp. 93–94.
  37. ↑ Knight 2000, pp. 39–40; Richardson 2007, pp. 94–97.
  38. ↑ Richardson 2007, pp. 103–110.
  39. ↑ Richardson 2007, pp. 127–128.
  40. ↑ Richardson 2007, p. 128.
  41. ↑ Knight 2000, p. 44; Richardson 2007, p. 131.
  42. ↑ Knight 2000, pp. 42–43.
  43. ↑ Richardson 2007, pp. 115–118.
  44. ↑ Knight 2000, pp. 49, 52; Richardson 2007, p. 148.
  45. ↑ Knight 2000, p. 19.
  46. ↑ Knight 2000, p. 54; Richardson 2007, p. 149.
  47. 1 2 Richardson 2007, p. 149.
  48. ↑ Richardson 2007, p. 154.
  49. ↑ Chapman 1993, p. 8; Knight 2000, p. 53; Richardson 2007, p. 151.
  50. ↑ Knight 2000, p. 57.
  51. ↑ Knight 2000, pp. 61–65.
  52. ↑ Knight 2000, p. 66.
  53. 1 2 Richardson 2007, p. 155.
  54. ↑ Richardson 2007, pp. 158–161.
  55. ↑ Richardson 2007, p. 157.
  56. ↑ Richardson 2007, pp. 139, 153–154.
  57. ↑ Richardson 2007, p. 168.
  58. ↑ Knight 2000, p. 18; Richardson 2007, p. 80.
  59. ↑ Richardson 2007, p. 162.
  60. ↑ Richardson 2007, p. 163.
  61. 1 2 Richardson 2007, p. 164.
  62. ↑ Richardson 2007, p. 170.
  63. ↑ Richardson 2007, pp. 170–71.
  64. ↑ Knight 2000, pp. 46–47; Richardson 2007, p. 171.
  65. ↑ Knight 2000, p. 47; Richardson 2007, pp. 171–172.
  66. 1 2 3 4 5 Drury, Nevill (1992). Dictionary of Mysticism and the Esoteric Traditions. Bridport, Dorset: Prism Unity. ISBN 1-85327-075-X.
  67. ↑ King, 1989, page 144
  68. ↑ Richardson, Alan, "The Magical Life of Dion Fortune", Aquarian Press, 1991, ISBN 1-85538-051-X, p117,
  69. ↑ Knight, Gareth; "Dion Fortune and the Inner Light", Thoth Publications, 2000, ISBN 1-870450-45-0, pp 138–139.
  70. ↑ King, 1989, page 143
  71. ↑ Richardson 2007, p. 21.
  72. ↑ Richardson 2007, p. 23.
  73. ↑ Chapman 1993, p. xvii–xviii; Richardson 2007, p. 19.
  74. ↑ Fortune's novels are summarized in Sumner, A. (2001) The occult novels of Dion Fortune, Journal of the Western Mystery Tradition, vol. 0, Vernal Equinox, http://www.jwmt.org/v1n0/dfortune.html
  75. 1 2 "Internet Book of Shadows: Dion Fortune & Gardnerian Wicca (C.S. Clifton in W.o.W.)". Sacred-texts.com. Retrieved 2012-09-30.
  76. ↑ This point is highlighted by Paul Clark, Steward of the Fraternity of the Hidden Light, in the podcast on Dion Fortune, http://www.blogtalkradio.com/laughingwomanmedia/2014/06/20/goddess-alive--the-life-legacy-of-dion-fortune-with-dr-paul-clark.
  77. ↑ Richardson, Alan, The Magical Life of Dion Fortune, Aquarian Press, 1991, p63, ISBN 1-85538-051-X and Fielding, Charles and Collins, Carr; The Story of Dion Fortune, Thoth Books, 1998, ISBN 1-870450-33-7, p151.
  78. ↑ Charles and Collins, Carr, The Story of Dion Fortune, Thoth Books, 1998, ISBN 1-870450-33-7, p150,
  79. ↑ Fielding, Charles and Collins, Carr; "The Story of Dion Fortune", Thoth Books, 1998, ISBN 1-870450-33-7, p151 and Richardson, Alan, "The Magical Life of Dion Fortune", Aquarian Press, 1991, p137, ISBN 1-85538-051-X
  80. ↑ Charles and Collins, Carr; "The Story of Dion Fortune", Thoth Books, 1998, ISBN 1-870450-33-7,p150.
  81. ↑ Fortune, Dion; The Mystical Qabalah, Aquarian Press, 1987, ISBN 0-85030-335-4, p 1. and Fielding, Charles and Collins, Carr; "The Story of Dion Fortune", Thoth Books, 1998, ISBN 1-870450-33-7, p152.
  82. ↑ Richardson, Alan, "The Magical Life of Dion Fortune", Aquarian Press, 1991, ISBN 1-85538-051-X, p137
  83. ↑ Regardie, Israel, (ed), 777 and other Qabalistic Writings of Aleister Crowley, introduction.
  84. ↑ Carr; "The Story of Dion Fortune", Thoth Books, 1998, ISBN 1-870450-33-7, p106-109 and Knight, Gareth
  85. ↑ Fortune, Dion; The Magical Battle of Britain, Sun Chalice Books, 1993, ISBN 1-928754-21-X
  86. ↑ Evans, Dave; David Sutton (September 2010). "The Magical Battle of Britain. Fighting Hitler's Nazis with occult ritual". Fortean Times. Archived from the original on 1 January 1970. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
  87. ↑ Lamond, F. (2005) Fifty Years of Wicca. pp. 48–50.
  88. ↑ "R.A.M.S. Digital Library – Hans Ninztel". Ramsdigital.com. Retrieved 2012-09-30.
  89. ↑ Knight, Gareth; "Dion Fortune and the Inner Light", Thoth Publications, 2000, ISBN 1-870450-45-0.
  90. ↑ Richardson 2007, p. 173.
  91. ↑ Richardson 2007, p. 74.
  92. ↑ Richardson 2007, p. 22.
  93. ↑ Chapman 1993, p. xvi.
  94. ↑ Hutton 1999, p. 360.
  95. ↑ Richardson 2007, p. 17.
  96. ↑ Hutton 1999, p. 181.
  97. ↑ Knight 2000, p. 27.
  98. 1 2 Chapman 1993, p. xviii.

Sources

Chapman, Janine (1993). Quest for Dion Fortune. York Beach, Maine: Samuel Weiser. ISBN 978-0877287759. 
Hutton, Ronald (1999). The Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Witchcraft. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-820744-1. 
Knight, Gareth (2000). Dion Fortune and the Inner Light. Loughborough: Thoth Publications. ISBN 978-1870450454. 
Richardson, Alan (2007). Priestess: The Life and Magic of Dion Fortune (new and revised ed.). Loughborough: Thoth Publications. ISBN 978-1870450119. 

External links

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