Durdy Bayramov

Durdy Bayramov
Born (1938-04-14)April 14, 1938
Baýramaly, Turkmenistan
Died February 14, 2014(2014-02-14) (aged 75)
Ashgabat, Turkmenistan
Nationality Turkmen
Education Shota Rustaveli Turkmen State College of Arts
Surikov Art Institute
Known for Painting, works on paper
Movement Realism
Spouse(s) Dunyagozel “Gozel” Bayramova (nee Ilyasova)

Durdy Bayramov (Russian: Дурды Байрамов; April 14, 1938 - February 14, 2014) was an academician and artist who was awarded the highest honorary title in his country: “People’s Artist of Turkmenistan”. In his native Turkmen language, Durdy Bayramov’s name is simply “Durdy Bayram” (without the Slavic-style “ov” suffix added to Russify names during the Soviet era). The name "Bayram" means “celebration” in Turkic languages.

Early Life and Education

Bayramov was born in Baýramaly in the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic, then part of the Soviet Union, on April 14, 1938. He lost both parents at a young age and lived as a homeless child before being placed in an orphanage in Serdar (then known as Kyzyl-Arvat), where he was raised. Growing up, Bayramov endured starvation and the hardships that accompanied World War II and the post-war devastation. Later, he benefited from the guidance of exceptional teachers who recognized his talent and supported the young artist in his efforts to become a professional painter. His first art teacher was Gennadiy Brusentsov, a Russian artist who taught at the Shota Rustaveli Turkmen Art College in Ashgabat. Bayramov and Brusentsov developed a lifelong friendship, with Brusentsov acting as Bayramov’s mentor over the years. Brusentsov’s portrait of a young Bayramov, titled Young Soccer Player, is in the collection of the State Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow.[1] Bayramov painted three significant portraits of his teacher, with the most famous one being Portrait of My First Teacher, created in 1997-98.[2]

Another great influence on Durdy Bayramov’s life and artistic career was art instructor Dmitri Mochalski, his professor at the prestigious Surikov Art Institute in Moscow, which Bayramov attended between 1959 and 1965. Mochalski was a recipient of the highest honorary title in arts in the former Soviet Union—People’s Artist of the USSR—and was widely respected for his “ability to highlight the essential, while setting aside the extraneous details.” [3] He passed that approach on to many of his students, including Durdy Bayramov.

Career

1960s

Upon completion of his formal education in 1965, Bayramov joined the USSR Union of Artists and began his career as a professional artist. The landscape genre was the first to captivate Durdy Bayramov. Many of his early landscape works (some dating to his student years) earned high praise from critics. His celebrated painting Peaceful Land (1969) is considered a classic example of Turkmen landscape painting.[4]

In 1966, Bayramov married his beloved muse, Dunyagozel “Gozel” Ilyasova, who would be one of his most frequently painted subjects and remain an inspiration for his work throughout his life. Bayramov devoted to her an entire series of works on paper titled Gozel, which includes 53 portraits of Gozel and four flower drawings dedicated to her.

From 1965–1968, Bayramov served as an art instructor at the Shota Rustaveli Turkmen State College of Arts in Ashgabat.

1970s

Bayramov’s first major artistic honours arrived when he was named winner of the Turkmen SSR Lenin Komsomol prize in 1970 and of the USSR in 1972.[5] In 1971, he completed what is considered the first Turkmen self-portrait, a work formerly held in the collections of the USSR Union of Artists in Moscow.[6]

During this time, Bayramov pioneered the Second World War as a theme among Turkmen painters. His painting Frontline Assistance captured the deep patriotism of ordinary Turkmen women willing to sacrifice their most prized possessions to help soldiers.[7] Another theme developed by Bayramov during this period was the process of making Turkmen carpets. This theme is seen in his famous work titled Turkmen Carpet Makers (1971), which depicts women at work in a carpet factory. This masterpiece of Soviet-era Turkmen art was first exhibited at the State Museum of Oriental Art in Moscow in 1971 and was later acquired by the State Tretyakov Gallery in 1979.[8]

From 1971 until 1973, eager to assist up-and-coming artists, Bayramov returned to his position as art instructor at the Shota Rustaveli Turkmen State College of Arts in Ashgabat.

In the mid-1970s, Bayramov embarked on what was to become his most celebrated series, Cultural Figures. This series contains portraits of individuals recognized by Bayramov as having made important contributions to Turkmen cultural heritage during the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. The creation of Cultural Figures would span more than four decades and result in more than 150 individual portraits.

1980s

In 1980, Bayramov was named an Honoured Art Worker of the Turkmen SSR, and in 1984 he was awarded second prize and a Laureate Diploma for the contest commemorating the 60th anniversary of the Turkmen SSR and Communist Party of the TSSR. He remained highly productive throughout the 1980s despite personal hardships associated with perestroika (ca. 1985–1991), which caused a scarcity of basic household goods and food products for many people.[9] Bayramov persevered and worked tirelessly, trying to lose himself in his art. He continued to expand his artistic repertoire through an increased focus on portraits and still lifes, especially flowers.

In 1985, Bayramov began work on one of his most celebrated thematic compositions—his monumental tribute to the great Spanish artists of the past titled Golden Mist. This work would not be completed until 2001.[10]

Throughout the 1980s, Bayramov’s popularity and renown grew as a result of numerous solo exhibitions, including those held in Moscow, Russia (1980, 1984); Berlin, German Democratic Republic (1981); Ulyanovsk, Russia (1984); Ashgabat, Turkmenistan (two exhibitions in 1986 alone); and Budapest, Hungary (1986).

1990s

Following continued critical and popular success at home and abroad, in 1991 Bayramov was awarded the highest artistic title in his home country: People’s Artist of Turkmenistan.

In 1998, Bayramov was appointed an Academician of the National Academy of Arts of Kyrgyzstan, along with fellow artists Suhrob Kurbanov, Tahir Salahov, Turgunbai Sadykov, and Erbolat Tolepbai. In conjunction with the presentation of this award, Bayramov contributed works to the International Exhibition of the Academicians of Kyrgyzstan at the Academy of Arts in Bishkek.[11]

2000s

Throughout the 2000s, Bayramov continued to travel and work extensively both within Turkmenistan and around the world. This included trips to Ukraine, where he held a solo exhibition in the Kiev National Museum of Russian Art in 2000, Russia (2003), Thailand (2004), Turkey (2002 and 2004), Maldives (2004), the United Arab Emirates (multiple trips between 2003 and 2007), Netherlands (2008), Italy (2009), Belgium (2010), and France (2010). In 2008, Bayramov celebrated his 70th birthday and his 50-year milestone as an artist with two retrospective exhibitions of his work in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan.

Based on his lifetime artistic achievements and contributions to the culture of Turkmenistan, in 2008 Bayramov was awarded the “For the Love of the Motherland” medal, presented to him by the President of Turkmenistan.

2010s

Bayramov continued his prolific artistic output into the 2010s, creating more than ninety oil paintings between 2010 and 2014.

In 2012, Bayramov spent six months in Canada where he created a well-known series of landscape paintings titled Canadian Autumn. In 2014, Bayramov’s paintings were displayed in Toronto, Canada, marking the first exhibition of his work in North America.[12][13][14] An inaugural exhibition of Bayramov’s photographs took place in Toronto, Canada, in 2015. Titled Through the Eyes of Durdy Bayramov: Turkmen Village Life, 1960s-80s, the exhibition featured black-and-white photographs and was a Featured Exhibition in Scotiabank's CONTACT Photography Festival.[15] The corresponding catalogue was published by the Durdy Bayramov Art Foundation in association with the Asian Cultural History Program of the Smithsonian Institution.[16][17]

In 2015, a solo exhibition of Durdy Bayramov’s works was held at the World Bank Art Program in Washington, DC, with the support of the Embassy of Turkmenistan in the US.[18] The opening of this exhibition coincided with celebrations of the 24th anniversary of Independence and the 20th anniversary of the Neutrality of Turkmenistan.[19]

Artistic Style

Durdy Bayramov created more than 5,000 artworks during his prolific career, including oil paintings and works on paper. He was also a passionate photographer, though he considered this activity a part of his artistic process and never attempted to exhibit his photographs. For this reason his considerable photographic work would not be exhibited until after his death. [20]

Bayramov worked extensively across four genres: portraits, still lifes, landscapes, and thematic compositions, though he has long been best known for his portraits. As early as 1975, it was noted that “although he paints genre pictures and landscapes, one could say that portraiture claims his special attention.” [21] Among his contemporaries, he was considered to be the “unsurpassed master of the portrait genre.”[22] Bayramov penetrated deep into the character and inner life of his subjects to reflect their diverse personalities on canvas, while emphasizing their best qualities. Bayramov said he did this by “always looking for that special spark that exists within each person.” [23] He sought to harmonize the contextual discoveries of Impressionism, the attention to detail of Classical Realism, and Turkmenistan’s rich artistic traditions. Bayramov found inspiration in people from all walks of life, regardless of their social, economic, or ethnic background. His subjects include a wide variety of individuals, from villagers to scientists, strangers to family members, children to seniors. Bayramov’s empathetic nature and close rapport with his subjects helps to explain his success in this genre.

Although Bayramov is best known for his portraiture, his work in the still life and landscape genres is also highly respected. Flowers held a special place in Bayramov’s still life works. He was particularly passionate about painting the rich colours and textures of the red poppies that carpet the foothills of Turkmenistan every spring. The depiction of fruit in Bayramov’s still lifes symbolizes the abundance of nature and his love for his native land’s fruit in particular. He often depicted apples, melons, pomegranates, etc. arranged on traditional Turkmen carpets, which feature göl woven motifs and vibrant colours, and on Turkmen ornamental felts called ''keche''.

Death and Legacy

In February 2014, Durdy Bayramov was diagnosed with liver cancer. He passed away on February 14, 2014 surrounded by friends and family. He is survived by his spouse, Gozel Bayramova, four daughters, and seven grandchildren.

In 2015, the Durdy Bayramov Art Foundation was established in Toronto, Canada, with the aim of advancing Bayramov's legacy in art and education.[24] To further this mission, the Foundation opened the Bayramov Museum. Located in Toronto, Canada, the museum contains the world's largest collection of Bayramov's works and hosts permanent and temporary exhibitions of Bayramov's art.

Durdy Bayramov is widely recognized as one of Central Asia's most important painters. His art can be found in many private collections, as well as in museums, galleries, and cultural institutions around the world, including:

Solo exhibitions

Awards and Distinctions

References

  1. ↑ The State Tretyakov Gallery. (2013). "Katalog Sobraniya: Seriya Zhivopis XVIII-XX Vekov. T. 7: Zhivopis Vtoroi Poloviny XX Veka. Kn. Pervaya. A-M." (Каталог Собрания: Серия Живопись XVIII-XX Веков. Т. 7: Живопись Второй Половины XX Века. Кн. Первая. А–М) [Collection Catalogue: Painting of the XVIII-XX Centuries Series. Volume 7: Painting of the Second Half of the XX Century. First Book. A–M]. Moscow: The State Tretyakov Gallery. p. 118. ISBN 978-5-89580-037-9.
  2. ↑ Pereplesnin, M. 2012. “Ocharovannii Strannik.” (Очарованный Странник) [A Charmed Wanderer]. Turkmenistan: International Magazine, Vol. N. 3 (84), pp. 80-89. Retrieved from http://www.turkmenistaninfo.ru/_data/pdf/2012_03_N3.pdf
  3. ↑ The State Tretyakov Gallery. 2009. “Dmitrii Mochalskii – Romantik Sozializma: 23 Aprelya-7 Iyunya, 2009.” (Дмитрий Мочальский – Романтик Социализма: 23 Апреля-7 Июня, 2009)[Dmitri Mochalski – Romantic of Socialist Realism: April 23-June 7, 2009]. Retrieved from http://www.tretyakovgallery.ru/ru/calendar/exhibitions/exhibitions1662/
  4. ↑ Mukhatova, Ogulabat and Kurban Agaliyev. (2008). Catalogue of Paintings and Drawings for Golden Jubilee Exhibition of the People’s Artist of Turkmenistan Durdy Bayramov. Dubai: Keyik Bayramova.
  5. ↑ Pimenova, S. 1974, November 27. “Dve Schastlivye Sudby.” (Две Счастливые Судьбы) [Two Fortunate Fates]. Znamya Oktyabrya, p. 7.
  6. ↑ Yerlashova, S. 1975. Painting of Soviet Turkmenia. Leningrad (St. Petersburg): Aurora Art Publishers.
  7. ↑ Prelatov, Y. 1981, December 1. “Vistavki—Lyblyu Svoi Krai.” (Выставки—Люблю Свой Край) [Exhibitions—Love My Homeland]. Pravda.
  8. ↑ Kistovich, Irena. 2010. “Turkmenskaya ‘Semerka.’ Razmyshleniya ob Uhodyashem.” (Туркменская «Семерка». Размышления oб Уходящем) [The Turkmen ‘Seven’: Reflections on the Past]. Sibirskie Ogni, Vol. 05/2. Retrieved from http://xn--90aefkbacm4aisie.xn--p1ai/content/turkmenskaya-semerka-razmyshleniya-ob-uhodyashchem
  9. ↑ Adelman, Deborah. (1992). “Children of Perestroika”: Moscow Teenagers Talk About Their Lives and the Future. London: Routledge.
  10. ↑ Blagodatov, Nikolay and Durdy Bayramov. 2012. Durdy Bayramov. Toronto: Keyik Bayramova, pp. 12-13.
  11. ↑ Toktosunova, G. I. (Ed.). 2005. “Otchyot Deystvitelnyh Chlenov i Chlen-Korrespondentov Nazionalnoi Akademii Khudozhestv Kyrgyzskoi Respubliki.” (Отчёт Действительных Членов и Член-Корреспондентов Национальной Академии Художеств Кыргызской Республики) [Report of the Full and Corresponding Members of the National Academy of Arts of the Kyrgyz Republic]. Bishkek: National Academy of Arts of the Kyrgyz Republic.
  12. ↑ Greenfield, Samuel. 2014, June 25. Turkmen Artist Durdy Bayramov’s Daughter Displays Father’s Work in North York House. Toronto Star. Retrieved from http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2014/06/25/turkmen_artist_durdy_bayramovs_daughter_displays_fathers_work_in_north_york_house.html#
  13. ↑ http://www.akimbo.ca/69963 (Akimbo)
  14. ↑ http://www.cancer.ca/en/events/on/2014/july/durdy-bayramov-art-exhibition/?region=on (Canadian Cancer Society)
  15. ↑ http://scotiabankcontactphoto.com/featured-exhibitions/318 (Scotiabank CONTACT Photography Festival)
  16. ↑ http://collections.si.edu/search/record/siris_sil_1042578 (Smithsonian Institution Libraries)
  17. ↑ https://www.worldcat.org/title/through-the-eyes-of-durdy-bayramov-turkmen-village-life-1960s-80s/oclc/907096351&referer=brief_results (WorldCat)
  18. ↑ http://infoabad.com/kultura-i-iskustvo/iskustvo-ne-znaet-granic-v-vashingtone-proshla-vystavka-narodnogo-hudozhnika-turkmenistana-durdy-bairamova.html (infoabad.com)
  19. ↑ http://www.mfa.gov.tm/en/neutral-en/3758-the-festive-reception-in-washington-on-the-occasion-of-independence-day-and-the-20th-anniversary-of-turkmenistan-s-neutrality (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkmenistan)
  20. ↑ Bayramova Keyik, Robert Pontsioen, and Jeren Balayeva. 2015. Through the Eyes of Durdy Bayramov: Turkmen Village Life, 1960s-80s. Toronto, ON: Durdy Bayramov Art Foundation; and Washington, DC: Asian Cultural History Program, Smithsonian Institution. ISBN 978-0-9939443-1-4, p. 12.
  21. ↑ Yerlashova, S. 1975. Painting of Soviet Turkmenia. Leningrad (St. Petersburg): Aurora Art Publishers, p. 10.
  22. ↑ Glazunova, T. 2007, December. “Kumiry i Poklonniki.” (Кумиры и Поклонники) [Idols and Admirers]. Neytralniy Turkmenistan, p. 3.
  23. ↑ Zenko, Walter. 2012. Bayramov Paints East to West & West to East. [Interview with Durdy Bayramov]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hlX5L9ddZPc
  24. ↑ "Durdy Bayramov". Retrieved 11 February 2016.
  25. ↑ The State Tretyakov Gallery. 2013. “Bayramov Durdy” (pp. 79-80). “Katalog Sobraniya: Seriya Zhivopis XVIII-XX Vekov. T. 7: Zhivopis Vtoroi Poloviny XX Veka. Kn. Pervaya. A-M.” (Каталог Собрания: Серия Живопись XVIII-XX Веков. Т. 7: Живопись Второй Половины XX Века. Кн. Первая. А–М) [Collection Catalogue: Painting of the XVIII-XX Centuries Series. Volume 7: Painting of the Second Half of the XX Century. First Book. A-M]. Moscow: The State Tretyakov Gallery. ISBN 978-5-89580-037-9
  26. ↑ http://www.turkmenistan.gov.tm/?id=10457 (Government of Turkmenistan)
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