Dyspnoi
| Dyspnoi | |
|---|---|
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| Sabacon cavicolens | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Opiliones |
| Suborder: | Dyspnoi Hansen & Sørensen, 1904 |
| Superfamilies | |
|
Ischyropsalidoidea | |
| Diversity | |
| 7 families, > 300 species | |
The Dyspnoi are a suborder of harvestmen, with about 32 genera, and about 320 described species.
Several fossil species are known, including two extinct families.
The superfamilies Ischyropsalidoidea and Troguloidea are monophyletic. However, the families Sabaconidae and Ceratolasmatidae are not; amongst other inconsistencies, Taracus (Sabaconidae) is a sister group to Hesperonemastoma (Ceratolasmatidae).[1]
Distribution
The Dyspnoi are one of the most biogeographically conserved higher groups of harvestmen. None occur in the Southern Hemisphere, and most families are restricted along temperate regions. The only exceptions are some Ortholasmatinae (Nemastomatidae) inhabiting the tropics on high mountains in Mexico (Ortholasma bolivari) and northern Thailand (Dendrolasma angka). Some Troguloidea were also found in tropical regions during the Cretaceous.[1]
Systematics
Genus and species numbers are from the year 2005.[2]
- Ischyropsalidoidea
- Ceratolasmatidae (4 genera, 11 species)
- Ischyropsalididae (1 genus, 35 species)
- Sabaconidae (2 genera, 45 species)
- Nemastomatoidea
- Dicranolasmatidae (1 genus, 18 species)
- Nemastomatidae (16 genera, 162 species)
- † Nemastomoididae (fossil: 1 genus, 3 species)
- Nipponopsalididae (1 genus, 3 species)
- Troguloidea
- † Eotrogulidae (1 fossil species: Eotrogulus fayoli Thevenin, 1901 from the Carboniferous)
- Trogulidae (7 genera, 44 species)
References
- 1 2 Gruber, Jürge (2007): Dyspnoi - Historical systematic synopsis. In: Pinto-da-Rocha, R., Machado, G. & Giribet, G. (eds.) (2007): Harvestmen - The Biology of Opiliones. Harvard University Press ISBN 0-674-02343-9. 131ff.
- ↑ Joel Hallan's Biology Catalog (2005)