Ischyropsalididae
| Ischyropsalididae | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Opiliones |
| Suborder: | Dyspnoi |
| Superfamily: | Ischyropsalidoidea |
| Family: | Ischyropsalididae Simon, 1879 |
| Genus: | Ischyropsalis C. L. Koch, 1839 |
| Type species | |
| Ischyropsalis kollari C. L. Koch, 1839 | |
| Species | |
| |
| Diversity | |
| 37 species | |
The Ischyropsalididae are a family of harvestmen with about 40 described species.
Description
Species in this family range in body length from about four to 8.5 mm. They have moderately long legs. The greatly enlarged chelicerae can be almost twice as long as the body. While they share this feature with the Nipponopsalididae, this is a case of convergent evolution. The elongated pedipalps are rather slender. Some species occur in caves.[1]
Distribution
Members of this family are restricted to Europe, with many species found in the mountains (Pyrenees, Alps, Carpathian Mountains, and Dinaric Mountains. They reach into the Netherlands, northwestern Germany and Poland in the north and to Calabria in the south. A find from Sardinia is considered doubtful.[1]
Relationships
The nearest relatives of the Ischyropsalididae are possibly the genera Ceratolasma and Acuclavella (Ceratolasmatidae) from western North America. While the genus Taracus (Sabaconidae) has anatomical similarities, it is not closely related.[1]
Name
The genus name is a combination of Ancient Greek ischyros "strong" and psalis "shears", referring to the greatly enlarged chelicerae.
Species
- Ischyropsalis adamii Canestrini, 1873
- Ischyropsalis amseli Roewer, 1950
- Ischyropsalis apuana Caporiacco, 1930 - cave in Italy
- Ischyropsalis apuana apuana Caporiacco, 1930
- Ischyropsalis apuana nanus Dresco, 1969
- Ischyropsalis archeri Roewer, 1950
- Ischyropsalis asturica Roewer, 1950
- Ischyropsalis caporiaccoi Roewer, 1950
- Ischyropsalis carli Lessert, 1905 - Switzerland
- Ischyropsalis coreana Suzuki, 1966
- Ischyropsalis corsica Roewer, 1950
- Ischyropsalis dentipalpis Canestrini, 1872 - Alps
- Ischyropsalis dispar Simon, 1872 - Pyrenees
- Ischyropsalis hadzii Roewer, 1950
- Ischyropsalis helvetica Roewer, 1916 - Switzerland
- Ischyropsalis helwigii (Panzer, 1794) - Europe
- Ischyropsalis helwigii helwigii (Panzer, 1794)
- Ischyropsalis helwigii lucantei Simon, 1879 - high Pyrenees
- Ischyropsalis hispanum Roewer, 1953
- Ischyropsalis janetscheki Roewer, 1950
- Ischyropsalis knirchi Roewer, 1950
- Ischyropsalis kollari C. L. Koch, 1839
- Ischyropsalis kratochvili Roewer, 1950
- Ischyropsalis lusitanica Roewer, 1923 - Portugal
- Ischyropsalis luteipes Simon, 1872 - Pyrenees
- Ischyropsalis magdalenae Simon, 1881 - Spain
- Ischyropsalis manicata L. Koch, 1865 - Bosnia
- Ischyropsalis muelleri Hansen & Sørensen, 1904
- Ischyropsalis muellneri Hamann, 1898
- Ischyropsalis navarrensis Roewer, 1950
- Ischyropsalis nicaea Roewer, 1950
- Ischyropsalis nodifera Simon, 1879 - Pyrenees
- Ischyropsalis pecinifera Hadzi, 1927 - Yugoslavia
- Ischyropsalis pestae Roewer, 1950
- Ischyropsalis pyrenaea Simon, 1872 - Pyrenees
- Ischyropsalis pyrenaea pyrenaea Simon, 1872
- Ischyropsalis pyrenaea alpinula Martens, 1978
- Ischyropsalis pyrenaea venasquensis Dresco, 1968
- Ischyropsalis ravasinii Hadzi, 1942
- Ischyropsalis redtenbacheri Doleschall, 1852 - Dalmatia
- Ischyropsalis ruffoi Caporiacco, 1949 - cave in Italy
- Ischyropsalis strandi Kratochvíl, 1936 - Italy
Footnotes
References
- Joel Hallan's Biology Catalog: Ischyropsalididae
- Pinto-da-Rocha, R., Machado, G. & Giribet, G. (eds.) (2007): Harvestmen - The Biology of Opiliones. Harvard University Press ISBN 0-674-02343-9