ENOD40

ENOD40
A sequence logo for the ENOD40 peptide.
Identifiers
Symbol	ENOD40
Pfam	PF08247
InterPro	IPR013186
Available protein structures: Pfam structures PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj PDBsum structure summary

ENOD40
ENOD40 secondary structure and sequence conservation
Identifiers
Symbol	ENOD40
Rfam	RF01845
Other data
RNA type	Non-coding RNA
Domain(s)	Magnoliophyta

enod40, also known as early nodulin 40, is a gene found in flowering plants. The gene has characteristics of both protein and Non-coding RNA genes.^[1] There is some evidence that the non-coding characteristics of this gene are more widely conserved than the protein coding sequences.^[2] In soyabeans enod40 was found to be expressed during early stages of formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules that are associated with symbiotic soil rhizobial bacteria. ^{[3] [4]} The gene is also active in roots containing fungi forming phosphate-acquiring arbuscular mycorrhiza. ^[5] An interaction with a novel RNA-binding protein MtRBP1 (Medicago truncatula RNA-binding protein 1) investigated in the development of Root nodule suggests ENOD40 has a function of cytoplasmic relocalization of nuclear proteins.^[6] In the study of non-legume plants, the over-expression of ENOD40 in transgenic Arabidopsis lines was observed a reduction of cell expansion.^[7]

See also

• Non-coding_RNA#Bifunctional_RNA

References

1. Crespi MD, Jurkevitch E, Poiret M, d'Aubenton-Carafa Y, Petrovics G, Kondorosi E, Kondorosi A (1994). "enod40, a gene expressed during nodule organogenesis, codes for a non-translatable RNA involved in plant growth.". EMBO J 13 (21): 5099–112. PMC 395456. PMID 7957074.
2. Gultyaev AP, Roussis A (2007). "Identification of conserved secondary structures and expansion segments in enod40 RNAs reveals new enod40 homologues in plants.". Nucleic Acids Res 35 (9): 3144–52. doi:10.1093/nar/gkm173. PMC 1888808. PMID 17452360.
3. Yang WC, Katinakis P, Hendriks P, Smolders A, de Vries F, Spee J, van Kammen A, Bisseling T, Franssen H (1993). "Characterization of GmENOD40, a gene showing novel patterns of cell-specific expression during soybean nodule development.". Plant J 3 (4): 573–85. doi:10.1046/j.1365-313X.1993.03040573.x. PMID 8220464.
4. Kouchi H, Hata S (1993). "Isolation and characterization of novel nodulin cDNAs representing genes expressed at early stages of soybean nodule development.". Mol Gen Genet 238 (1-2): 106–19. PMID 7683079.
5. van Rhijn P, Fang Y, Galili S, Shaul O, Atzmon N, Wininger S, Eshed Y, Lum M, Li Y, To V, Fujishige N, Kapulnik Y, Hirsch AM (1997). "Expression of early nodulin genes in alfalfa mycorrhizae indicates that signal transduction pathways used in forming arbuscular mycorrhizae and Rhizobium-induced nodules may be conserved.". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94 (10): 5467–72. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.10.5467. PMC 24702. PMID 11038545.
6. Campalans A, Kondorosi A, Crespi M (2004). "Enod40, a short open reading frame-containing mRNA, induces cytoplasmic localization of a nuclear RNA binding protein in Medicago truncatula.". Plant Cell 16 (4): 1047–59. doi:10.1105/tpc.019406. PMC 412876. PMID 15037734.
7. Guzzo F, Portaluppi P, Grisi R, Barone S, Zampieri S, Franssen H, Levi M (2005). "Reduction of cell size induced by enod40 in Arabidopsis thaliana.". J Exp Bot 56 (412): 507–13. doi:10.1093/jxb/eri028. PMID 15557291.

Further reading

• Podkowinski J, Zmienko A, Florek B, Wojciechowski P, Rybarczyk A, Wrzesinski J, Ciesiolka J, Blazewicz J, Kondorosi A, Crespi M, Legocki A (2009). "Translational and structural analysis of the shortest legume ENOD40 gene in Lupinus luteus.". Acta Biochim Pol 56 (1): 89–102. PMID 19287803.
• Wan X, Hontelez J, Lillo A, Guarnerio C, van de Peut D, Fedorova E, Bisseling T, Franssen H (2007). "Medicago truncatula ENOD40-1 and ENOD40-2 are both involved in nodule initiation and bacteroid development.". J Exp Bot 58 (8): 2033–41. doi:10.1093/jxb/erm072. PMID 17452749.
• Gultyaev AP, Roussis A (2007). "Identification of conserved secondary structures and expansion segments in enod40 RNAs reveals new enod40 homologues in plants.". Nucleic Acids Res 35 (9): 3144–52. doi:10.1093/nar/gkm173. PMC 1888808. PMID 17452360.
• Murakami Y, Miwa H, Imaizumi-Anraku H, Kouchi H, Downie JA, Kawaguchi M, Kawasaki S (2006). "Positional cloning identifies Lotus japonicus NSP2, a putative transcription factor of the GRAS family, required for NIN and ENOD40 gene expression in nodule initiation.". DNA Res 13 (6): 255–65. doi:10.1093/dnares/dsl017. PMID 17244637.
• Lee A, Lum MR, Hirsch AM (2007). "ENOD40 Gene Expression and Cytokinin Responses in the Nonnodulating, Nonmycorrhizal (NodMyc) Mutant, Masym3, of Melilotus alba Desr.". Plant Signal Behav 2 (1): 33–42. doi:10.4161/psb.2.1.3734. PMC 2633896. PMID 19516966.
• Ruttink T, Boot K, Kijne J, Bisseling T, Franssen H (2006). "ENOD40 affects elongation growth in tobacco Bright Yellow-2 cells by alteration of ethylene biosynthesis kinetics.". J Exp Bot 57 (12): 3271–82. doi:10.1093/jxb/erl089. PMID 16957021.
• Grønlund M, Roussis A, Flemetakis E, Quaedvlieg NE, Schlaman HR, Umehara Y, Katinakis P, Stougaard J, Spaink HP (2005). "Analysis of promoter activity of the early nodulin Enod40 in Lotus japonicus.". Mol Plant Microbe Interact 18 (5): 414–27. doi:10.1094/MPMI-18-0414. PMID 15915640.
• Röhrig H, John M, Schmidt J (2004). "Modification of soybean sucrose synthase by S-thiolation with ENOD40 peptide A.". Biochem Biophys Res Commun 325 (3): 864–70. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.10.100. PMID 15541370.
• Dey M, Complainville A, Charon C, Torrizo L, Kondorosi A, Crespi M, Datta S (2004). "Phytohormonal responses in enod40-overexpressing plants of Medicago truncatula and rice.". Physiol. Plant. 120 (1): 132–139. doi:10.1111/j.0031-9317.2004.0208.x. PMID 15032885.
• Compaan B, Ruttink T, Albrecht C, Meeley R, Bisseling T, Franssen H (2003). "Identification and characterization of a Zea mays line carrying a transposon-tagged ENOD40.". Biochim Biophys Acta 1629 (1-3): 84–91. doi:10.1016/j.bbaexp.2003.08.004. PMID 14522083.
• Vleghels I, Hontelez J, Ribeiro A, Fransz P, Bisseling T, Franssen H (2003). "Expression of ENOD40 during tomato plant development.". Planta 218 (1): 42–9. doi:10.1007/s00425-003-1081-9. PMID 14508686.
• Santi C, von Groll U, Ribeiro A, Chiurazzi M, Auguy F, Bogusz D, Franche C, Pawlowski K (2003). "Comparison of nodule induction in legume and actinorhizal symbioses: the induction of actinorhizal nodules does not involve ENOD40.". Mol Plant Microbe Interact 16 (9): 808–16. doi:10.1094/MPMI.2003.16.9.808. PMID 12971604.
• Girard G, Roussis A, Gultyaev AP, Pleij CW, Spaink HP (2003). "Structural motifs in the RNA encoded by the early nodulation gene enod40 of soybean.". Nucleic Acids Res 31 (17): 5003–15. doi:10.1093/nar/gkg721. PMC 212817. PMID 12930950.
• Larsen K (2003). "Molecular cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding a ryegrass (Lolium perenne) ENOD40 homologue.". J Plant Physiol 160 (6): 675–87. doi:10.1078/0176-1617-00962. PMID 12872490.
• Favery B, Complainville A, Vinardell JM, Lecomte P, Vaubert D, Mergaert P, Kondorosi A, Kondorosi E, Crespi M, Abad P (2002). "The endosymbiosis-induced genes ENOD40 and CCS52a are involved in endoparasitic-nematode interactions in Medicago truncatula.". Mol Plant Microbe Interact 15 (10): 1008–13. doi:10.1094/MPMI.2002.15.10.1008. PMID 12437298.
• Varkonyi-Gasic E, White DW (2002). "The white clover enod40 gene family. Expression patterns of two types of genes indicate a role in vascular function.". Plant Physiol 129 (3): 1107–18. doi:10.1104/pp.010916. PMC 166505. PMID 12114565.
• Rohrig H, Schmidt J, Miklashevichs E, Schell J, John M (2002). "Soybean ENOD40 encodes two peptides that bind to sucrose synthase.". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99 (4): 1915–20. doi:10.1073/pnas.022664799. PMC 122294. PMID 11842184.
• Staehelin C, Charon C, Boller T, Crespi M, Kondorosi A (2001). "Medicago truncatula plants overexpressing the early nodulin gene enod40 exhibit accelerated mycorrhizal colonization and enhanced formation of arbuscules.". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98 (26): 15366–71. doi:10.1073/pnas.251491698. PMC 65035. PMID 11752473.
• Imaizumi-Anraku H, Kouchi H, Syono K, Akao S, Kawaguchi M (2000). "Analysis of ENOD40 expression in alb1, a symbiotic mutant of Lotus japonicus that forms empty nodules with incompletely developed nodule vascular bundles.". Mol Gen Genet 264 (4): 402–10. doi:10.1007/s004380000330. PMID 11129043.
• Sousa C, Johansson C, Charon C, Manyani H, Sautter C, Kondorosi A, Crespi M (2001). "Translational and structural requirements of the early nodulin gene enod40, a short-open reading frame-containing RNA, for elicitation of a cell-specific growth response in the alfalfa root cortex.". Mol Cell Biol 21 (1): 354–66. doi:10.1128/MCB.21.1.354-366.2001. PMC 88808. PMID 11113209.
• Flemetakis E, Kavroulakis N, Quaedvlieg NE, Spaink HP, Dimou M, Roussis A, Katinakis P (2000). "Lotus japonicus contains two distinct ENOD40 genes that are expressed in symbiotic, nonsymbiotic, and embryonic tissues.". Mol Plant Microbe Interact 13 (9): 987–94. doi:10.1094/MPMI.2000.13.9.987. PMID 10975655.
• Charon C, Sousa C, Crespi M, Kondorosi A (1999). "Alteration of enod40 expression modifies medicago truncatula root nodule development induced by sinorhizobium meliloti". Plant Cell 11 (10): 1953–66. doi:10.1105/tpc.11.10.1953. PMC 144109. PMID 10521525.
• Kouchi H, Takane K, So RB, Ladha JK, Reddy PM (1999). "Rice ENOD40: isolation and expression analysis in rice and transgenic soybean root nodules.". Plant J 18 (2): 121–9. doi:10.1046/j.1365-313X.1999.00432.x. PMID 10363365.
• Mirabella R, Martirani L, Lamberti A, Iaccarino M, Chiurazzi M (1999). "The soybean ENOD40(2) promoter is active in Arabidopsis thaliana and is temporally and spatially regulated.". Plant Mol Biol 39 (1): 177–81. doi:10.1023/A:1006146627301. PMID 10080720.
• Corich V, Goormachtig S, Lievens S, Van Montagu M, Holsters M (1998). "Patterns of ENOD40 gene expression in stem-borne nodules of Sesbania rostrata.". Plant Mol Biol 37 (1): 67–76. doi:10.1023/A:1005925607793. PMID 9620265.
• Fang Y, Hirsch AM (1998). "Studying early nodulin gene ENOD40 expression and induction by nodulation factor and cytokinin in transgenic alfalfa.". Plant Physiol 116 (1): 53–68. doi:10.1104/pp.116.1.53. PMC 35188. PMID 9449836.
• Charon C, Johansson C, Kondorosi E, Kondorosi A, Crespi M (1997). "enod40 induces dedifferentiation and division of root cortical cells in legumes.". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94 (16): 8901–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.16.8901. PMC 23190. PMID 11038563.
• van de Sande K, Pawlowski K, Czaja I, Wieneke U, Schell J, Schmidt J, Walden R, Matvienko M, Wellink J, van Kammen A, Franssen H, Bisseling T (1996). "Modification of phytohormone response by a peptide encoded by ENOD40 of legumes and a nonlegume.". Science 273 (5273): 370–3. doi:10.1126/science.273.5273.370. PMID 8662527. (Retracted. If this is intentional, please replace {{Retracted}} with {{Retracted|intentional=yes}}.)
• Minami E, Kouchi H, Cohn JR, Ogawa T, Stacey G (1996). "Expression of the early nodulin, ENOD40, in soybean roots in response to various lipo-chitin signal molecules.". Plant J 10 (1): 23–32. doi:10.1046/j.1365-313X.1996.10010023.x. PMID 8758977.
• Papadopoulou K, Roussis A, Katinakis P (1996). "Phaseolus ENOD40 is involved in symbiotic and non-symbiotic organogenetic processes: expression during nodule and lateral root development.". Plant Mol Biol 30 (3): 403–17. doi:10.1007/BF00049320. PMID 8605294.
• Crespi MD, Jurkevitch E, Poiret M, d'Aubenton-Carafa Y, Petrovics G, Kondorosi E, Kondorosi A (1994). "enod40, a gene expressed during nodule organogenesis, codes for a non-translatable RNA involved in plant growth.". EMBO J 13 (21): 5099–112. PMC 395456. PMID 7957074.
• Matvienko M, Van de Sande K, Yang WC, van Kammen A, Bisseling T, Franssen H (1994). "Comparison of soybean and pea ENOD40 cDNA clones representing genes expressed during both early and late stages of nodule development.". Plant Mol Biol 26 (1): 487–93. doi:10.1007/BF00039559. PMID 7948896.

External links

• ENTREZ page for Lotus japonicus ENOD40
• Page for Early nodulin 40 at Rfam
• NONCODE entry for ENOD40 RNA