East Bengal

Former administrative units of Pakistan

This article is part of the series
Original provinces Baluchistan East Bengal Federal Capital Territory North-West Frontier Province Sind West Punjab
Princely states Amb Bahawalpur Chitral Dir Hunza Kalat Khairpur Kharan Las Bela Makran Nagar Phulra Swat
One-unit provinces East Pakistan West Pakistan
Other subdivisions Gilgit Agency Trans-Karakoram Tract

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History of Bangladesh

Ancient Neolithic, c. 7600 – c. 3300 BCE Bronze Age, c. 3300 – c. 1200 BCE Iron Age, c. 1200 – c. 200 BCE Janapada, c. 1200 - c. 600 BCE Northern Black Polished Ware, c. 700 - c. 200 BCE Pundra Kingdom, c. 700 - c. 200 BCE Bengal in Mahabharata, c. 400 - c. 325 BCE Gangaridai Kingdom, c. 350 - c. 325 BCE Mauryan Empire, c. 325 – c. 185 BCE Samatata Kingdom, c. 232 BCE - c. 800 CE Southwestern Silk Road, c. 114 BCE - c. 1450 CE Indo-Roman trade relations, c. 30 - BCE - c. 600 CE
Classical Shunga-Kushan Period, c. 185 – c. 75 CE Gupta Empire, c. 200 - c. 550 CE Sylhet-Assam Varmans, c. 350 - c. 650 CE Gauda Kingdom, c. 590 - c. 626 CE Khadga dynasty, c. 650 - c. 750 CE Pala Empire, c. 750 - c. 1100 CE Arrival of Islam, c. 800 - c. 1050 CE Harikela Kingdom, c. 900 - c. 1050 CE Candra dynasty, c. 900 - c. 1050 CE Sena dynasty, c. 1070 - c. 1320 CE Deva dynasty, c. 1100 - c. 1250 CE
Medieval Delhi Sultanate, c. 1204 - c. 1338 CE Mamluk Dynasty Khilji Dynasty Tugluq Dynasty Sonargaon Sultanate, c. 1338 - c. 1352 CE Bengal Sultanate, c. 1352 - c. 1576 CE Ilyas Shahi dynasty Hussain Shahi dynasty Karrani dynasty Suri Dynasty, c. 1540 - c. 1556 CE Twelve Bhuyans, c. 1550 - c. 1620 CE Porto Grande de Bengala, c. 1528 - c. 1666 CE Chittagong-Arakan Kingdom, c. 1530 - c. 1666 CE Mughal Empire, c. 1576 - c. 1717 CE Bengal Subah
Modern Nawabs of Bengal, c. 1717 - c. 1757 CE Company Raj, c. 1757 - c. 1858 CE Faraizi Movement, c. 1818 - c. 1884 CE The Great Rebellion, c. 1857 - c. 1858 CE British Raj, c. 1858 - c. 1947 CE Bengal Renaissance Eastern Bengal and Assam Prime Minister of Bengal East Bengal-East Pakistan, c. 1947 - c. 1971 CE Bengali Language Movement Six Point Movement 1969 uprising in East Pakistan Pakistani general election, 1970 Bangladesh Liberation War, c. 1971 CE Declaration of Independence Provisional Government of Bangladesh 1971 Bangladesh Genocide Bangladesh Forces Bangladeshi Republic, c. 1972 CE - present
Related articles Timeline of Bangladeshi history Bangladeshi art History of Bengali literature

East Bengal (Bengali: পূর্ব বাংলা Purbô Bangla) was the name used during two periods in the 20th century for a territory that roughly corresponded to the modern state of Bangladesh. Both instances involved a violent partition of Bengal which made one half East Bengal or Bangladesh and the other today's Indian state of West Bengal.

The area compromises roughly two-thirds of the ethno-linguistic region of Bengal.

First partition, 1905–1912 (British period)

Main article: Partition of Bengal (1905)

See also: Indian independence movement

The first instance of the name was during the British rule of India. British governance of large swathes of Indian territory began with Robert Clive's victory over the Nawab of Bengal, Siraj ud-Daulah, at the Battle of Plassey in 1757. The victory gave the British East India Company dominion over Bengal, which became the headquarters of British administration in the sub-continent. After the Indian rebellion of 1857 (known as the "Mutiny"), the British government took direct control away from the East India Co., and established its imperial capital at Calcutta, the city founded by the Company. By 1900, the British province of Bengal constituted a huge territory, stretching from the Burmese border to deep into the Ganges valley.

With the assumption of Lord Curzon to the office of Viceroy of India, British India was finally put under the charge of a man who considered himself an expert in Indian affairs. Curzon, seeing the logistical problems of administering such a large province, proposed to divide Bengal. Bengal, henceforth, would encompass Calcutta and the western territories, roughly comprising modern West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, and Orissa. Eastern Bengal and Assam, the new province, would roughly encompass modern Bangladesh and the northeastern states of India (then all grouped under the heading of Assam, with its capital at Dacca (Dhaka)).

While Curzon claimed the action was one merely founded upon administrative principles, the growing nationalist movement, which originated with the educated elite of Calcutta and the Bengali aristocracy, took the action as an attempt to cut off Bengal's Hindu intellectual leaders (based in Calcutta) from the majority Muslim agriculturalists of the east, dividing the nationalist movement along lines of class and religion. The partition of Bengal, effected in July 1905, sparked a firestorm in the nationalist movement. The partition was revoked in 1912, but it was accompanied by slicing off the non-Bengali portions of the province – creating two additional provinces, Assam and Bihar and Orissa (both themselves further subdivided after Indian independence) – and the shifting of the capital from Calcutta to Delhi.

In the now divided Bengal, East Bengal comprised an area of 196,540 square miles (509,000 km²) that included 18 million Muslims and 12 million Hindus. The (old) Bengal area had 141,580 square miles (366,700 km²) with a majority of 42 million Hindus and 9 million Muslims.

Second partition, 1947–present (Pakistani period)

Main articles: Partition of Bengal (1947), East Pakistan and Two Nation Theory

Bengal was divided into two provinces on 3 July 1946 in preparation for the partition of India - the Muslim-majority East Bengal and the Hindu-majority West Bengal. The two provinces each had their own Chief Minister. In August 1947 West Bengal became part of India and East Bengal became part of Pakistan. Tensions between East Bengal and the western wing of Pakistan led to the One Unit policy. In 1955, most of the western wing was combined to form a new West Pakistan province while East Bengal became the new province of East Pakistan. This system lasted until 1971 when East Pakistan declared independence during the Liberation War of Bangladesh and the new nation of Bangladesh was formed.

Provincial Government

After absorption into the Dominion of Pakistan, the province of East Pakistan (former East Bengal) was administered by a ceremonial Governor and an indirectly elected Chief Minister. During the year from May 1954 to August 1955, executive powers were exercised by the Governor and there was no Chief Minister.

Tenure	Governor of East Bengal^[1]
15 August 1947 - 31 March 1950	Sir Frederick Chalmers Bourne
31 March 1950 - 31 March 1953	Sir Feroz Khan Noon
31 March 1953 - 29 May 1954	Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman
29 May 1954 - May 1955	Iskandar Ali Mirza
May 1955 - June 1955	Muhammad Shahabuddin (acting)
June 1955 - 14 October 1955	Amiruddin Ahmad
14 October 1955	Province of East Bengal dissolved

Tenure	Chief Minister of East Bengal^[1]	Political Party
15 August 1947 - 14 September 1948	Khawaja Nazimuddin	Muslim League
14 September 1948 - 3 April 1954	Nurul Amin	Muslim League
3 April 1954 - 29 May 1954	A. K. Fazlul Huq	United Front
29 May 1954 - August 1955	Governor's Rule
August 1955 - 14 October 1955	Abu Hussain Sarkar	Krishak Sramik Party
14 October 1955	Province of East Bengal dissolved

References

1 2 'Statesmen of Bangladesh' Retrieved April 18, 2009.

East Bengal CFL 2015 points table top

Pakistan Movement

History of Pakistan (timeline: 1947–present)

History	East India Company Indian Rebellion of 1857 Aligarh Movement Urdu movement Partition of Bengal Lucknow Pact Khilafat Movement Shuddhi Movement Nehru Report Fourteen Points of Jinnah Allahabad Address Now or Never pamphlet World War II Two nation theory Round Table Conferences Lahore Resolution Direct Action Day Muslim nationalism in South Asia Cabinet Mission Indian Independence Act Partition of India Radcliffe Line Durand Line Pakistan Osmanistan Enlightened Moderation Objectives Resolution Independence Republic Day Kashmir conflict National symbols Constitution of Pakistan British heritage

Organisations	Muslim League Punjab Unionist Muslim League All India Muslim Students Federation Khaksars

Leaders	Syed Ahmad Khan Muhammad Iqbal Aga Khan III Muhammad Ali Jinnah Liaquat Ali Khan Muhammad Zafarullah Khan Bahadur Yar Jung G. M. Syed Abdur Rab Nishtar Fatima Jinnah Choudhary Rahmat Ali Muhammad Ali Jouhar Shaukat Ali A. K. Fazlul Huq Sikandar Hayat Khan Zafar Ali Khan Khawaja Nazimuddin Abdul Qayyum Khan Ghulam Bhik Nairang Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan Jogendra Nath Mandal more

Activists	Z. A. Suleri Hameed Nizami Altaf Husain Yusuf Khattak Shaukat Hayat Khan Muhammad Asad Ziauddin Ahmed more

Literature	Idea of Pakistan Jinnah: India, Partition, Independence Notes on Afghanistan and Baluchistan A Short History of Pakistan Pakistan: A Personal History The Myth of Independence Pakistan: A Hard Country Now or Never; Are We to Live or Perish Forever? Causes of Indian Mutiny of 1857

Architecture	Minar-e-Pakistan Bab-e-Pakistan The Monument Mazar-e-Quaid Ziarat Residency Iqbal's Tomb Wazir Mansion National Library Deena Public Hall Bab-e-Khyber Jinnah Terminal

In Memory	Youm-e-Pakistan (23 March) Youm-e-Dastur (10 April) Youm-e-Takbir (28 May) Youm-e-Azadi (14 August) Youm-e-Difah (6 September) Youm-e-Tasees (24 October) Youm-e-Iqbal (9 November) Youm-e-Viladat (25 December)

Coordinates: 25°13′09″N 90°59′20″E / 25.2192°N 90.9889°E / 25.2192; 90.9889

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