East Haven, Connecticut

East Haven is a town in New Haven County, Connecticut, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the town population was 29,257.^[1] Located 3 miles (5 km) east of New Haven, it is part of the Greater New Haven area. East Haven is 35 miles (56 km) from Hartford, 82 miles (132 km) from New York City, 99 miles (159 km) from Providence, Rhode Island, and 140 miles (230 km) from Boston.

In the 21st century, the city heard repeated complaints from its Latino community about discriminatory treatment and harassment by town police officers. The US Department of Justice investigated from 2009 to 2011, resulting in civil and criminal prosecution. In addition, Latinos filed a class action suit for violation of civil rights against the town in 2010. The Town reached settlements in both cases, in 2012 committing to the DOJ for changes in several areas to improve policing, supervision, training, procedures, and outreach. In June 2014 it settled on the class action suit, agreeing to pay $450,000 to the Latino group and to develop clear standards to separate policing from immigration enforcement. In the criminal case, the FBI arrested four officers in January 2012 under a 10-count indictment; two pleaded guilty that year and the two others were convicted at trial. All received varying sentences.

History

Welcome to East Haven

This area was long settled by indigenous peoples. Long before European encounter, Algonquian peoples occupied settlements along the coastline and rivers.

The area now known as East Haven was obtained by Puritan settlers Reverend John Davenport and Theophilus Eaton on November 29, 1638, as part of the purchase of New Haven from Sachem Momauguin of the local Quinnipiack tribe. Additional land, in what is now known as Foxon, was purchased from Chief Montowese on December 11, 1638.

In 1639 Thomas Gregson petitioned for the purchase of Solitary Cove, later called Morris Cove. This was granted on August 5, 1644, and was the last piece of land that made up the original town of East Haven. The original town boundaries were from the harbor and Quinnipiac River on the west to the Branford and North Branford town line on the east. The southern boundary is Long Island Sound, and the North Haven town line is the northern boundary.

East Farms, as it was first called, was considered a parish of the New Haven Colony. Settlers settled into Morris Cove and what is now the "center" of East Haven in 1639. The first Connecticut ironworks, the third in New England, was founded on the shores of Furnace Pond in 1655. Called Lonotononket (Great Pond) by the Quinnipiac, it was renamed by English-speaking settlers as Lake Saltonstall. With Branford and North Branford having had settlers since 1643, people from the New Haven Colony started to settle the Foxon section in 1683.

In 1665, the New Haven Colony was merged with the Connecticut Colony (Hartford) under a charter from King Charles II. With the success of the ironwork mill, the area became known as Iron Works Village. In 1675 Iron Works Village petitioned the Connecticut Colony to become a separate Town. Negotiations with New Haven regarding land never succeeded. This eventually led to the relinquishing of village privileges in 1685. Efforts were again made in 1703.

The Connecticut Colony granted the town petition for Township in May 1707 and colonists changed the name from Iron Works Village to East Haven. Some outstanding land issues with New Haven and a minor feud with Governor Gurdon Saltonstall resulted in the rescinding of the township status; the area was made a parish of New Haven.^[2]

In 1706 the first public school building was built in East Haven, followed by the appointment of a School Committee in 1707.

Jacob Hemingway, one of the first Yale students, served as the first pastor (1704–1754) of the Congregational church in East Haven. Several meeting houses were built over the years. In January 1772 the Society of East Haven authorized the expense of $1,000 to build a new 65-by-50-foot (20 by 15 m) meeting house. while under construction, the building was extended by 8 feet (2.4 m) and a steeple was added. In 1774 the Old Stone (Congregational) Church was finished, and Nicholas Street was named its first minister.

During the American Revolution, this area was subject to troop movement and encampment by both revolutionary and British forces. On July 5, 1779, British forces led by General William Tryon landed from war ships, attacked Black Rock Fort in Morris Cove and captured its 19 defenders. The British attacked New Haven and East Haven. General Lafayette and revolutionary forces also visited town and encamped on the green. During the Revolution, East Haven lost 16 men. John Howe was killed at the Black Rock Fort. Fifteen other men died, mostly of disease while held on British prison ships in Long Island Sound. After the war, the United States military abandoned Black Rock Fort.

East Haven became an incorporated town of the new republic in May 1785. At the initial town meeting, on July 5, 1785, Isaac Chidsey was named first selectman.

When relations between the United States and Britain deteriorated in the early 19th century preceding the War of 1812, the government decided to re-fortify Black Rock Fort. A new masonry wall was built for fortification. Six guns were installed, and a new barracks for 50 men and a magazine were built. The fort was renamed Fort Nathan Hale, in honor of the Connecticut patriot. During the War of 1812, the fort successfully defended the area from several British raids.

Civil War cannon from Fort Hale, installed on the East Haven Green

In 1863, during the Civil War, a new Fort Hale was built to defend against possible raids by the Confederate States. Built next to the ruins of the original fort, the fortification included an earthen rampart, five fortified bunkers, eighteen guns and a moat with a drawbridge. The fort did not see any action during the Civil War. East Haven lost 15 men during the war. Two men, Charles Benoit and James Murphy died at Andersonville prison in Georgia.

East Haven's western border was the Quinnipiac River, and the town was in charge of four bridges that crossed it. In 1881 East Haven was facing a financial problem. The repair and maintenance of the four bridges that crossed the Quinnipiac River, along with highway maintenance, and payments to Civil War soldiers, presented the town with a $200,000 debt. The bridges contributed $180,000 of that debt. Combined with requests for additional town services, the Board of Selectman voted to sell Fair Haven, Granniss Corners, and Morris Cove to New Haven. After a public vote, in which East Haven residents voted 123 to sell and 9 against, it ceded those three sections to New Haven. The town cleared its debt, at the same time losing 70% of its population and 33% of its land area.

Since the 1850s, Lake Saltonstall had become a major amusement center in the region. The lake was used heavily during the summer and by skaters in the winter. The lake, which borders the towns of East Haven and Branford, was sold in 1895 to the New Haven Water Company.

The new East Haven continued to grow. In 1892, after several businesses and the town hall were destroyed in a fire, the Board of Selectmen voted to install fire hydrants in the center of town and ordered 500 feet (150 m) of hose. Fighting town fires was handled by citizen volunteers who came to the fire. By 1899, several young town members formed a volunteer fire department. They applied for state recognition and started serving the town on January 2, 1900.

1900 to present

Policing East Haven was handled by New Haven sheriffs until 1900 or so when the town hired Jim Smith to be the town's first constable. Smith used the barn on his farm as the jail. The constable staff continued to grow until it was organized in 1925 under the Board of Public Safety. This included the East Haven Fire Department and the newly organized East Haven Police Department.

Technology was improving the lives of the residents. In 1898 gas lights were installed in East Haven. By 1903, four streets were lighted by gas lights. The town established its own telephone company in 1899 and had 75 customers before selling its holding to the local telephone company. Electric lights made their debut in 1918.

The East Haven Library was established in 1909. With an increase in population, especially Catholic immigrants and descendants of Irish and Italian ancestry, the first Roman Catholic church opened in East Haven in 1916. Five East Haven men died while serving in World War I.

The town voted to build a new town hall in 1927. Built at a cost of $135,000, the new town hall was dedicated on August 11, 1928. More than 5,000 residents attended the open house. The next month, on September 22, 1928, the new East Haven Library was opened and dedicated.

During World War II many men from East Haven served overseas. Twenty-four died in the war.

After World War II, East Haven benefited from suburbanization, as families followed newly constructed highways and moved out of the older, dense cities into less settled areas. The GI Bill helped veterans buy the new houses built in outer areas. The population of East Haven nearly doubled from the end of the war to 1960. The population increase was also assisted by the building of Interstate 95 through the center of town in 1951. A less beneficial effect was drawing off retail business and dividing residential areas of town.

During the Vietnam War, Lance Corporal Richard J. Wolcheski, USMC, was the only East Haven man killed.

Following the highways, large retail stores and fast food franchises started to build outlets on both U.S. 1 and State Route 80 in the 1960s and 1970s. The downtown area was redeveloped in the 1970s with construction of the East Haven Mall to compete with suburban malls. Condominiums were built in the Center and Foxon sections. The town added its athletic complex, a new swimming pool to the high school. The new East Haven Police headquarters was finished in 1973.

New Haven and neighboring towns such as East Haven have been destinations for a new wave of immigrants since the late 20th century, the majority of whom in East Haven are Latinos from Ecuador.^[3] In the 2010 census, Hispanics and Latinos made up more than 10% of the town's population.

Following successful Main Street renovations in other older towns, since 2004, the downtown area has been revitalized to emphasize its historic attractions and scale, based on its tradition as a New England town. Period lighting was installed and brick sidewalks to emphasize pedestrian appeal. It has a weekly Farmers' Market held on Sunday at the Town Hall square.

On March 16, 2009, the town came to an agreement with neighboring New Haven over the future of Tweed New Haven Regional Airport, which straddles the boundary between the two municipalities. This ended 40 years of competition.

On August 9, 2013, a Rockwell International Turbo Commander 690B crashed on approach, hitting two houses in an East Haven residential neighborhood near the airport. The impact and the resulting fires destroyed both houses. The private plane had taken off from Teterboro Airport in New Jersey.^[4] The incident resulted in four deaths: the pilot of the plane; his passenger, the pilot's 17-year-old son; and two children in one of the houses. They were girls of 13 years and one year of age.

Geography and climate

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 13.4 sq mi (34.8 km²)， of which 12.3 sq mi (31.8 km²) of it is land and 1.19 sq mi (3.08 km²) of it (8.57%) is water. East Haven also contains Stony Island, approximately 660 yards (600 m) from East Haven Town Beach in Long Island Sound.^[5]

The shape of East Haven on a map is taller than it is wide. It is bordered on the south by Long Island Sound, on the west by New Haven, on the north by North Haven, and on the east by Branford, Lake Saltonstall, and North Branford. East Haven shares with New Haven the land belonging to local Tweed New Haven Airport and Alling Memorial Golf Course.

Geology

During the Paleozoic Era, 450 to 250 million years ago, several tectonic plates collided to form the supercontinent called Pangaea. East Haven was located in the middle of this collision, and the results can be seen today with the schists, gneisses and granites which are exposed.^[6]

When Pangaea was broken up, during the Triassic and Jurassic periods, volcanic activity occurred, depositing basalt or trap rock. Earthquakes can still be felt in the area. In February 2001 the area was rocked by a 1.8 magnitude earthquake originating in Madison, Connecticut.^[7]

It is estimated that Connecticut was covered by glaciers at least two times. The last glacier is estimated to have been 1,800 feet (550 m) thick in the New Haven area. 22,000 years ago, the glacier moved south, eroding mountains and pushing through East Haven to deposit large amounts of glacial till to form Long Island. 14,000 years ago the glacier retreated and shaped the coastline, formed Long Island Sound and created Lake Saltonstall. It also deposited glacial till, soil, sand, rocks and boulders that the ice carried south from the north.^[6]

The coast is primarily covered by gneiss rock (including granite), schist and quartzite. The remaining sections are part of the Central Valley of Connecticut and are covered with clastic sedimentary rock (redbeds, conglomerate, sandstone, brownstone and shale). This soft surface has been resedimented by a number of floods, making the soil soft and fertile and ideal for farmland.^[6]

Brownstone, a sedimentary rock that erodes easily, was easily dug into by glaciers and carved out many lakes and valleys. The area surrounding Farms River and Lake Saltonstall on the East Haven and Branford border is an example of this. The brownstone that did not erode was used for building foundations and rock fences found throughout New England.^[6]

Deposits of basalt (lava flow) can be found in the north and northeast sections of East Haven. Several quarries can be found in this area. Traprock (basalt) is turned into crushed stone. It is primarily used in construction and in the bedding of roads. Sand and gravel from glacial till is the second most profitable quarried rock. They are used as fill, in concrete, leach fields or for road sand.^[6]

Animals and plants

When Pangaea was broken up, East Haven had forests. Dinosaurs, reptiles and mammals roamed the area. Dinosaur trackways like those found in Rocky Hill at Dinosaur State Park were recently found at a construction site near Lake Saltonstall. The tracks were made by Eubrontes. Fossils of Triassic period reptiles have been found in the area. Stegomus was covered with armor plates and looked similar to an armadillo.

Today, East Haven is mostly covered with broadleaf, hardwood trees. There are a few conifer (evergreen) forests, mostly around Lake Saltonstall. Salt marshes are located in areas around Long Island Sound.

Dinosaurs were long ago succeeded by deer, coyotes, squirrels, foxes, chipmunks and rabbits. Garter snakes can be found in the area. Pheasants, grouse, ducks and wild turkeys can be found in East Haven, as well as cardinals, blue jays, warblers, crows, sparrows, parrots, woodpeckers and sea gulls. Trout can be found in the fresh water lakes. Bluefish, bass, flounder, blackfish, sand sharks, eels, lobsters, crabs and clams can be found in Long Island Sound.

Communities

Old Stone Church

The residents of the town divide it into three large "sections" rather than smaller neighborhoods. These sections are:

Foxon

The area borders Branford and North Branford on the east, New Haven on the west to about Grannis Pond in the south, and surrounds State Route 80. This is the hilliest section of town. It counts among its landmarks the town high school, Foxon Park Beverage (a locally famous soda manufacturer), and Camp Murray, a Girl Scouts day camp. Grannis Pond used to host a YMCA camp until the land was sold and developed.

Momauguin

The area is located in the southern section of East Haven, from the Caroline Creek section of East Haven on the west to Branford on the east and starting at Short Beach Road in the north. This section includes the town beach, numerous condominiums, and summer cottages. The area near Tweed New Haven Airport has an industrial park that includes Town Fair Tire Centers Headquarters and Calabro Cheese Corporation.

"The Center"

The Center is not the geographical center of town but the hub of the administrative facilities. Landmarks include the Town Hall, Fire Department Headquarters, Hagaman Memorial Library, the "old" East Haven High School, and other administrative buildings. The old high school has been adapted for use by the East Haven Historical Society, and a teen center. The Police Department and Public Works Department reside on the "Center" - Foxon line.

The most recognizable landmark in East Haven is the Old Stone Church. Built in 1774, the steeple of the church stands out against the low horizon.

The Town Green is a 2.4-acre (9,700 m²) park located at the eastern end of the central business district (two blocks east of the town hall) and is mostly covered by trees. Monuments are dedicated to honor war veterans and firefighters. The focal point of the green is the gazebo or bandstand. The Green is the site of the annual East Haven Fall Festival and summer concerts.

Margaret Tucker Park is considered the second East Haven Green, with its location across the street from Town Hall and the Old Stone Church. They have developed additional land to the park, along with a water fountain.

Included in this section is the "West End", which borders New Haven. Since the late 20th century, conditions have declined in this area of older housing. Efforts are underway to revitalize the area that most residents think have been overlooked with all the focus of the re-development efforts in the center of town.

The Senior Center is located one block from Town Hall. This facility is for all seniors 60 years of age and older. It features a daily lunch program, and many activities here and in surrounding jurisdictions.

The town has a weekly Farmers' Market held at the Town Hall on Sundays. This market features fresh produce, flowers, baked goods and crafts. Some weeks feature fundraising for town institutions.

Climate

Looking north on Thompson Avenue in February 2001. The steeple of the Old Stone Church can be seen in the center of the photo.

East Haven's climate is tempered by its location on Long Island Sound; it has a continental climate which is common in New England. Winters are usually milder, with less snow accumulation, than those found inland. In a normal winter East Haven averages 27 inches (68.58 cm) of snowfall. It is not unusual to have a dusting of snow by the coast and an inch of snowfall in the northern areas of East Haven. The town is vulnerable to Nor'easter weather systems that can drop heavy rain or snow in the region. The Blizzard of 1888 dropped about 40 inches of snow, while the Blizzard of 1978 dropped almost 2 feet (0.61 m).

Summers are moderately warm and humid, though cooler than inland. Though rare, the region does experience high [heat waves] and some 100 °F (38 °C) days. Precipitation is evenly spread throughout the year.

East Haven enjoys a fairly long growing season with the last frost occurring in mid April and the first frost occurring in mid October. On average, East Haven has 207 sunny days and 158 cloud or rainy days.

Severe weather does occur in East Haven. The area has been hit by several hurricanes, most recently in August 2011 when Hurricane Irene severely damaged numerous shore areas, destroying houses along Cosey Beach.^[8] In 1985, the eye of Hurricane Gloria came across state 22 west of East Haven. The area was without electricity, telephone and cable TV service for 7 days.

Tornadoes sometimes occur in Connecticut. Though the town was not directly affected, a tornado touched down in Hamden, Connecticut, 3 miles (4.8 km) away.

Climate data for East Haven
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Average high °F (°C)	35.4 (1.9)	38.7 (3.7)	48 (8.9)	59.5 (15.3)	70.9 (21.6)	79.3 (26.3)	83.8 (28.8)	81.3 (27.4)	73 (22.8)	62.1 (16.7)	50.7 (10.4)	39.6 (4.2)	60.3 (15.7)
Average low °F (°C)	18 (−8)	19.2 (−7.1)	27.3 (−2.6)	36.3 (2.4)	46.8 (8.2)	55.8 (13.2)	61 (16.1)	59.2 (15.1)	51.3 (10.7)	39.7 (4.3)	28.6 (−1.9)	22.8 (−5.1)	39 (3.9)
Average precipitation inches (mm)	3.74 (95)	3.7 (94)	4.13 (105)	3.7 (94)	3.74 (95)	3.31 (84)	3.98 (101)	4.21 (107)	3.58 (91)	3.46 (88)	3.74 (95)	3.82 (97)	45.08 (1,145)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm)	10	8	10	14	11	9	9	8	7	8	9	9	109
Source: Weatherbase,^[9]

Demographics

Historical population
Census	Pop.		%±
1820	1,237		—
1850	2,987		—
1860	2,292		−23.3%
1870	2,714		18.4%
1880	3,057		12.6%
1890	955		−68.8%
1900	1,167		22.2%
1910	1,795		53.8%
1920	3,520		96.1%
1930	7,815		122.0%
1940	9,094		16.4%
1950	12,212		34.3%
1960	21,388		75.1%
1970	25,120		17.4%
1980	25,036		−0.3%
1990	26,144		4.4%
2000	28,189		7.8%
2010	29,257		3.8%
Est. 2014	29,044	^[10]	−0.7%
U.S. Decennial Census^[11]

Town of East Haven Population by year * land sold to New Haven
1790	1,025
1800	1,004
1810	1,209
1820	1,237
1830	1,229
1840	1,382
1850	1,670
1860	2,292
1870	2,714
1880*	3,057
1890*	955
1900	1,167
1910	1,795
1920	3,520
1930	7,815
1940	9,094
1950	12,212
1960	21,388
1970	25,120
1980	25,028
1990	26,144
2000	28,189
2010	29,257
2011	29,673

As of the census^[12] of 2010, there were 29,257 people and 11,492 households residing in the town. The population density was 2,377.7 people per square mile (896.8/km²).

The total gender makeup of the town is 13,956 (47.7%) male and 15,301 (52.3%) female. Age distribution of the estimated 2010 population of the town is as follows:

ages 0 to 4 years old - 1,463 (5%)
ages 5 to 17 years old – 5,647 (19.3%)
ages 18 to 64 years old – 12,259 (58.1%)
ages 65 and above – 5,149 (17.6%)^[12]

The racial makeup of the town is 82.6% White, followed by 10.3% Hispanic or Latino, 2.9% African American, 3.3% Asian, .7% from other races and 0.2% Native American.^[12]

The median age of a house is 40.0 years. The median house purchase price is $240,500.00 and median monthly rental is $1,200.00.^[13]

The town is primarily considered a Democratic town, though it has elected a Republican mayor in the last 6 of 7 elections. There are 15,925 registered voters in East Haven. 5,683 registered Democrats, 2,544 Republicans, 7,681 unaffiliated and 17 registered to minor parties.^[14]

The median income for a household in the town was $63,136. About 7.8% of the population were below the poverty line.^[12]

44% of the adult population (25 years and old) possess a high school diploma, 6% have associate degrees, and 19% have bachelor's degree or higher.^[13]

East Haven has a labor force of 16,751. 15,128 are employed and 1,623 are not. East Haven has an unemployment rate of 9.7%. There are 527 work units in East Haven, employing 6,260 staff members.^[13]

There were 25 registered sex offenders living in East Haven as of December 2012.^[15]

Government

East Haven Town Hall

Town Government

When the town was incorporated in 1785, the system of government was that of selectmen and town meeting. When elections are held, the three people with the most votes were elected selectmen. The person with the most votes became the first selectman. Over the years the number of selectmen was increased with population growth, reaching seven during the 1950s.

In 1960, the town changed to a system of selectmen – representative town meeting. This system of government lasted until 1969, when the town charter was changed to a mayor – town council based government. The mayor is elected to two-year terms. In the 1969 general election, Francis W. Messina was elected as the first mayor of East Haven, having been the incumbent first selectman. In the early 21st century, the Town Council has 15 members.

The short mayoral term can make it difficult for politicians to achieve longer term goals. There have been two long-serving mayors who were repeatedly re-elected. Democrat Anthony Proto was elected in 1975 and served until 1985 with repeated re-elections.

Beginning in the late 1990s, Republican Joe Maturo, Jr. served as mayor for a decade, being repeatedly re-elected to the two-year terms, serving from 1997 to 2007. In 1998 he appointed Leonard Gallo as Police Chief, who served until January 2012.^[3]

Maturo was defeated on November 6, 2007 by Democratic challenger, April Capone Almon, by an apparent 21 votes. The slim margin of victory forced an automatic recount, and two were required. On November 14, 2007, Capone Almon was certified as the winner over Maturo by 25 votes. She was the first female mayor of East Haven and the youngest at age 32.^[16] She was re-elected in 2009, serving for two terms. After receiving a preliminary report in 2010 of a Department of Justice investigation of police department mistreatment of Latino residents, she put Police Chief Gallo on administrative leave pending completion of the investigation. That year a separate class action civil rights suit was filed on behalf of Latino residents against the city by Yale Law School’s Worker and Immigrant Rights Advocacy Clinic, naming 20 defendants, most with the police department.^[17]

Former mayor Joe Maturo had defeated incumbent mayor Almon on November 8, 2011, by an apparent 31 votes. The slim margin of victory forced an automatic recount. On November 12, 2011, Maturo was certified as the winner over Almon by 34 votes. By winning a sixth term, Maturo became the longest-serving mayor in the town's history. He reinstated Gallo. DOJ submitted its final report to the city in December 2011, detailing a pattern of harassment against Latinos. Four officers were arrested on January 24, 2010 under the Department of Justice criminal investigation, charged with harassing Latinos. Police Chief Gallo was allowed to resign in late January 2012.^[3] Two of the officers pleaded guilty in 2012, and two were convicted at trial in 2013, being sentenced in 2014 to varying terms in prison. In 2013, Maturo defeated Jack Stacey to earn a seventh term.

Based on the separate 2010 class action civil rights suit, the city reached a settlement in June 2014 to pay $450,000 to the Latino class members and change immigration enforcement to clearly separate it from regular policing. The city "will no longer detain undocumented people for immigration authorities unless they have a judge-signed criminal warrant."^[17] The city admitted no wrongdoing.

	Mayor	Years served
Mayors of East Haven
1	Francis W. Messina (R)	1969–1975
2	Anthony Proto (D)	1975–1985
3	Robert M. Norman (R)	1985–1991
4	Henry J. Luzzi (D)	1991–1997
5	Joseph Maturo, Jr. (R)	1997–2007
6	April Capone Almon (D)	2007–2011
7	Joseph Maturo, Jr. (R)	2011–

The 2006 Mill Rate was 30.95. Total revenue in 2010 was $76,940,939.00 with total expenditures of $78,565,834.00. Total Indebtedness was $52,789,047. Moody's Bond rating (2009) for the town was Baa1.^[13]^[18]

East Haven Police Department

The East Haven Police Department employs over 50 uniformed officers. Crime rose in 2010, but the town's crime index still remains at half the national average. Since the late 20th century, the department has been the center of incidents related to racial harassment and profiling of minorities.

In 1997, an East Haven police officer, Sergeant Robert Flodquist, was accused of using excessive force in a police action which killed Malik Jones, an African-American suspect. Subsequently state and federal prosecutors failed to find enough evidence for criminal charges against Flodquist. His shooting of Jones was ruled justified; Flodquist testified in the investigation that Jones tried to run him over.^[19]^[20] Police Chief Leonard Gallo, who had been hired in 1998 from New Haven by Mayor Joseph A. Maturo, Jr., appointed Flodquist as the department's public spokesman.^[21]^[22]

Neither the family nor civil rights activists were satisfied with the failure by the state and federal government to prosecute in the Jones case. Activists have used the case "to argue successfully for new state legislation aimed at limiting racial profiling" by local and state police departments.^[23]

The Jones family filed a civil suit in US District Court, saying that Malik Jones civil rights were violated and seeking damages. In July 2003 a federal jury ruled in their favor and awarded them $2.5 million in punitive damages.^[20]^[23] Because in such a case the city was not liable for punitive damages, another hearing was held to settle whether there should be compensatory damages; the award was reduced in October 2010 to $900,000. The East Haven city attorney said the town intended to appeal this decision.^[23]

Separately, in September 2009, the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) began investigating the East Haven Police for racial profiling and harassment of Latinos following the "unwarranted arrest" of Father Paul Manship, a Catholic priest who was trying to study complaints by Latino parishioners that they were victims of police discrimination.^[3] That year the police arrested Mayor April Capone Almon and her assistant for allegedly interfering with a ticketing action at the beach. The DOJ investigation later reported having found that records related to Capone Almon's arrest and that of Manship had been altered numerous times.^[22]

With civil and criminal investigations underway, DOJ issued a preliminary report to the city in 2010, saying that the police appeared to have a pattern of discrimination and harassment against Latinos. Mayor April Capone Almon put Police Chief Leonard Gallo (in office since 1998) on administrative leave until the investigation was concluded.^[3]

After Joseph A. Maturo, Jr. was elected as mayor in November 2011, he reinstated Gallo. On his first day, the police chief barred police commission members, who were investigating an officer about whom they had received complaints, from police headquarters and the parking lot without his permission. A few days later, the commission established a policy requiring its members be given free access to the police headquarters and any members of the department.

The Department of Justice submitted its "scathing" final report of the civil investigation to the city in December 2011, saying the police department had shown a pattern of discrimination against Latinos, and Gallo had "resisted efforts to root out problems."^[3] Its report concluded that "EHPD has engaged in a pattern or practice of discrimination against Latinos, a violation of the Constitution and federal law."^[24]

On January 24, 2012, Sergeant John Miller and three officers were arrested by the FBI on a ten-count indictment, on charges of conspiracy, false arrest, and excessive force and obstruction of justice in connection with the investigation. A local businessman had complained to the mayor's office that the officers stopped his employees to check their documentation as they entered and left his place of business. Numerous other charges were detailed in the indictment.^[25] Numerous other complaints had been collected.^[23] Press reports indicated a suspicion among the investigators that the chief of the department, Leonard Gallo, was involved in obstructing justice^[26] and had tried to hinder the investigation.

Several other East Haven officers attended the arraignment to show support. Mayor Joseph Maturo and the police union also stood by the officers pending results of prosecution. The government asked that Officer Dennis Spaulding be barred from entering the town for fear he would intimidate possible witnesses; officer Zullo was also barred from the town until the cases were resolved.^[27] Police Chief Leonard Gallo was allowed to resign in late January 2012.^[3]

In September 2012, Miller pleaded guilty to having struck a handcuffed person. In October 2012, Officer Jason Zullo pleaded guilty to obstruction of justice under a deal that will require him to serve one or two years in jail. David Cari continued to fight the charges.^[28]

Maturo replaced police chief Gallo with Brent Larrabee, formerly the police chief of Stamford.^[29] On October 23, 2012, the Associated Press reported that the city had reached a settlement with the DOJ on its "claims that officers engaged in a pattern of discrimination and abuse toward Latinos."^[28] The settlement will require actions in seven major areas to improve conditions, including policy and training related to search and seizure, management and supervision of officers, civilian control and resolution of complaints, racial sensitivity training, community outreach and development of trust with all residents.^[30]

Convicted at trial in October 2013, on January 23, 2014, Officer Dennis Spaulding was sentenced to five years in prison. At his sentencing, he insisted he had done nothing wrong. Cari was also convicted at trial; in January 2014 he was sentenced to two and a half years in prison.^[31]

Crime

Type	-1980-	-1985-	-1990-	-1995-	-2000-	-2001-	-2002-	-2003-	-2004-	-2005-	-2006-	-2007-	-2008-	-2009-	-2010-	-2011-
Murders	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
Rapes	0	2	0	1	3	7	11	7	0	0	1	6	4	3	3	0
Robberies	16	15	27	24	15	23	23	17	15	21	17	26	22	18	20	12
Assaults	21	13	30	3	39	36	32	20	2	10	6	10	24	14	20	12
TOTAL Violent Crimes	38	30	57	28	58	66	66	44	18	31	25	42	50	35	43	24

Burglaries	369	158	194	212	115	108	126	74	75	93	99	123	121	147	119	117
Larceny	724	630	615	872	467	549	561	480	422	470	386	513	590	500	744	611
Auto Thefts	111	78	156	169	80	104	103	84	96	127	96	107	108	71	81	107
Arson	na	na	na	na	2	2	2	5	0	4	5	2	3	0	1	4
TOTAL Property Crimes	1204	866	965	1253	664	760	792	643	593	694	581	743	819	718	944	835

2011 is the last reported year. Statistics are published yearly by the FBI.^[32]^[33]^[34]^[35]^[36]^[37]

East Haven Fire Department

The East Haven Fire Department was established in 1900. It was started as an all volunteer fire department with one engine company. Today, EHFD responds to well over 6,000 calls a year, including Fire calls, medical calls and public assist calls. The town is covered by four fire stations: Station 1 (Headquarters Center District), Station 3 (Foxon), Station 4 (Momauguin) and Station 6 (Short Beach Rd). In total there are 3 active Engines, 2 Quints, 2 Squads, and 3 Rescues. It is a split department meaning there are both career and volunteer firefighters within the department.

There are 11 career firefighters on at all times throughout the day. They are IAFF members Local 1205. Their services include paramedic units of both Rescue 1 (Headquarters) and Squad 5 (Station 3). The career firefighters also staff two quints: Engine 1 (Headquarters) and Truck 3 (Station 3). The final career piece is Engine 4 located at Station 4.

The rest of the apparatus is solely volunteer trucks. There are four volunteer companies: Company 1 (Headquarters), Company 3 (Station 3), Company 4 (Station 4) and Company 6 (Station 6). Squad 2 is staffed by the members of Company 1 being used primarily as a rescue unit. Rescue 3 is staffed by the members of Company 3 who also have Engine 5. Rescue 4 is staffed by the members of Company 4 being used as a Rescue truck. Engine 6 is staffed by the members of Company 6, the only house that is all volunteer.

Economy

Retail services dominate three stretches of roads in East Haven; Main Street and U.S. 1 in the center of town and State Route 80 in the Foxon Section. East Haven has two industrial parks on land adjacent to Tweed New Haven Airport which house many manufacturing and distribution companies. The headquarters of the Connecticut Food Bank are located in East Hampton since early 1980s when the non-profit was established.^[38]

There are approximately 527 companies that employ 6,260 employees in East Haven. The top five employers are Super Stop & Shop, Thermatool Corporation, Village at Mariners Point (healthcare), Laurel Woods (healthcare) and Talmadge Park Health Care.^[13]

East Haven Grand List (2008) was $2,968,044,077.00. Retail sales from 2007 was $296,138,827.00. East Haven Labor Force (those of working age) is 16,751 residents. 15,128 are employed while 1,623 of the employable residents are unemployed.^[13]

Calabro Cheese Corporation, founded in 1953, calls East Haven home. They specialize in producing ricotta, mozzarella, Parmesan, and Romano cheeses, and a line of select specialty cheeses. Calabro Cheese was the first Italian cheese company to develop fat-free ricotta cheese with no fat, no salt, and no preservatives added.
Town Fair Tires Corporate Headquarters.
Foxon Park Beverages, Inc., founded over 80 years ago in nearby New Haven, is a family owned and operated business. Their bottled soda and dispensed syrups can be found in many of New Haven County's popular restaurants and delis. Foxon Park Soda with pizza has become a tradition for many people living in the area.

Education

Schools

Education in the New Haven Colony was important. The colony had required that each parish provide a common school. Prior to 1700, the parish education was being provided by the Congregational Church. The town voted in 1706 to build the first public school. The school was located around what is now 260 Hemingway Avenue. In 1707 the town established a school board to oversee the education system. By 1728 East Haven had split their system into 4 school districts.

The first town high school was opened on September 28, 1936, in the "Center" of town. Prior to the building of the high school, students had to apply to local town high schools for acceptance into their school system. A new junior high school complex was built in 1957. In 1997, a new high school campus was built in the Foxon section of town.

Today the school system operates 9 schools. In 2010 there were 3,413 students enrolled in the East Haven Public School system, with 245.90 teachers and a total staff of 520.90. The town's budget allocated for 2010 was $61,167,000.00 with an expenditure of $57,321,000.00. The cost per student was approximately $17,105.00 per student.

There are an additional 154 students attending St. Vincent DePaul Catholic School with a staff of 10.5 or 13.5 teacher/student ratio.

Deer Run School enrolls 344 students and 22.26 teachers in Grades K-2
Grove J Tuttle School enrolls 233 students and 18.40 teachers in Grades 3-5
D. C. Moore School enrolls 225 students and 15.90 teachers in Grades PK-2
Momauguin School enrolls 212 students and 18.70 teachers in Grades 3-5
Dominick H. Ferrara School enrolls 197 students and 15.24 teachers in Grades 3-5
Overbrook School enrolls 182 students and 9.00 teachers in Grades K-2
Joseph Melillo Middle School enrolls 474 students and 34.30 teachers in Grades 6-8
East Haven Academy enrolls 237 students and 16.10 teachers in Grades 3-8
East Haven High School enrolls 968 students and 70.50 teachers in Grades 9-12^[39]

Library

The East Haven Library was established in 1909. The library occupied several locations in the center of town before a gift from Isaac Hagaman allowed for a permanent building to be built. On September 22, 1928, the East Haven Library was opened. During the years of 1973 and 1974, the library added a two story addition to the complex. Today the Hagaman Memorial Library, named to honor of Isaac Hagaman, holds approximately 65,290 books, 2,065 Audio Materials, 4,128 Video Materials and 90 serial subscriptions. The library has an extensive children's library, and facilities are available for community meetings.^[13]^[40]

Infrastructure

Health and medicine

East Haven does not have its own hospital; the area has several facilities within 3 to 5 miles (5 to 8 km) in New Haven: Yale-New Haven Hospital, a major teaching hospital affiliated with the Yale School of Medicine, Yale-New Haven Children's Hospital, and Yale-New Haven Psychiatric Hospital. A VA medical center is located in West Haven. 203 Urgent Care Center is located in Foxon.

Transportation

East Haven is served by Tweed New Haven Regional Airport, which is located on the border between East Haven and New Haven.

Though East Haven does not have a train station, there are two stations within close driving distance. Union Station is located 3 miles (5 km) from the center of town in New Haven, and a commuter station is located an equal distance away in Branford. Both offer commuter railroad service to New York and to coastal Connecticut towns, and New Haven's Union Station has Amtrak train service to Boston and many other cities.

Interstate 95 runs from east to west through the central portion of East Haven. Interstate 91, which is located west of the town, connects with State Route 80 which passes through the town in Foxon, running east to west. State Route 100 connects Foxon with the town center, running north to south. U.S. 1 crosses the town through the "Center", paralleling Interstate 95.

The Connecticut Transit Bus Company, a state-run mass transportation system, serves the town.

Utilities

Water supply is provided by the Regional Water Authority. Lake Saltonstall, located on the border between East Haven and Branford, provides drinking water to the south section of East Haven and is a recreational facility for hiking and fishing. The northern section of town is served by Lake Guillard in North Branford. The New Haven Regional Water Pollution Control Authority is responsible for sewage-disposal services with facilities located in New Haven.

United Illuminating is the exclusive distributor of electric power to the town. Natural gas is distributed by the Southern Connecticut Gas Company with several sections being served by local propane distribution companies. AT&T is the primary wired telephone service provider for the area. Phone service is also available from various national wireless companies and the local cable television provider. Cable television is available from Comcast and AT&T. Satellite television is available from AT&T (Dish Network) and DirecTV.

People and culture

East Haven is known for its Italian-American ethnic heritage.

Media and newspapers

Newspapers: The town is served by one daily newspaper and two weekly newspapers. The New Haven Register is printed seven days a week. The East Haven Courier is the weekly paper.
Media: The town is served by ETV, a local public-access television cable TV channel on the Comcast system. A local ABC affiliate is in New Haven, WTNH TV Channel 8. East Haven can receive 15 on-air television channels, 13 AM radio stations, and 20 FM radio stations.

Museums

East Haven Historical Society
The Shore Line Trolley Museum was founded in 1945 as the Branford Electric Railway Association (BERA). The Branford Electric Railway Association was founded to preserve the heritage of the trolley car, as well as artifacts and documents from the trolley era. The museum holds nearly one hundred trolley vehicles. The Shore Line Trolley Museum, just past the East Haven Green, operates the Branford Electric Railway, a National Historic Site. The railway is the oldest continuously operating suburban trolley line in the United States.

National Register of Historic Places

East Haven has two nationally registered historic sites:

East Haven Green Historic District (added April 11, 2002)
First Congregational Church of East Haven (added March 25, 1982)

Town events

Every fifth year the town hosts the Columbus Day Parade (which is shared between New Haven, West Haven, North Haven, and Hamden).
The town of East Haven sponsors a town-wide beach party to celebrate Independence Day.
The town also hosts the Fall Festival, which is patterned after a New England town fair.

Notable residents

Cy Bentley (1850–1872), Major League Baseball player for one season with the Middletown Mansfields, born in East Haven^[41]
Kori Gardner and Jason Edward Hammel of the pop music duo Mates of State^[42]
Henry Winkler, actor and director who played "The Fonz" on the hit show Happy Days, resided in the Momaugin area of East Haven while he attended the Yale School of Drama.

References

↑ "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): East Haven town, New Haven County, Connecticut". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Retrieved September 27, 2012.
↑ "State of Connecticut: Online Access to Government". Retrieved 2007-08-19.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "East Haven Mayor Must Go/ Joe Maturo Jr. Must Follow Police Chief He Backed To The Hilt", Hartford Courant, 30 January 2012, accessed 27 November 2014
↑ "Pilot, Child Dead After East Haven Plane Crash". NBC Connecticut. Aug 9, 2013.
↑ "CWTA - Connecticut Coastal Paddling - New Haven County - East Haven - Stony Island". Connecticutwatertrails.com. Retrieved 2012-06-13.
1 2 3 4 5 "Geology of Connecticut". Retrieved 2012-12-28.
↑ "1.8 magnitude earthquake". Retrieved 2012-12-28.
↑ "Topic Galleries". CTnow. Retrieved 2012-06-13.
↑ "Monthly Averages for East Haven, CT".
↑ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014". Retrieved June 4, 2015.
↑ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
1 2 3 4 "East Haven CDP, Connecticut". Retrieved 2012-12-28.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "East Haven Town Profile" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-12-28.
↑ />(1315140 "Summary of Registration and Party Enrollment in Connecticut by Congressional District, October 2007" Check |url= value (help). State of Connecticut. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
↑ "East Haven Sex Offenders". Retrieved 2012-12-28.
↑ Mark Zaretsky, "East Haven mayor slapped with ethics complaint", New Haven Register, 11 October 2009, accessed 27 November 2014
1 2 Scharon Harding, "East Haven, Connecticut, Police Scandal and Racial Profiling: Town Agrees to Change Immigration Enforcement Laws, Pay $450,000 to Latinos", Latin Post, 10 June 2014, accessed 29 November 2014
↑ "East Haven Revenue" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-12-28.
↑ Harris, "East Haven's Long History of Racial Strife", Hartford Courant, 2 February 2012
1 2 "Jury awards $2.5M to family of suspect killed by police". The Hour. 11 July 2003. p. 9. A state and federal investigation did not find enough evidence to prosecute Sgt. Robert Foldquist for civil rights violations or any criminal wrongdoing. |section= ignored (help)
↑ "East Haven Mayor Appears Blind to Racism", editorial in the Hartford Courant, 25 January 2012
1 2 Paul Bass, "Grand Jury Probes Gallo & Evidence Tampering", New Haven Independent, 25 January 2012
1 2 3 4 Paul Bass, "Jury Awards $900K In Malik Jones Case", New Haven Independent, 21 October 2010,
↑ "Civil Rights Division East Haven Police Department Investigation". Retrieved 2011-12-20.
↑ Mark Zaretsky,"East Haven cop Dennis Spaulding back home after January arrest", New Haven Register, 14 April 2012, accessed 29 November 2014
↑ Peter Applebome, "Police Gang Tyrannized Latinos, Indictment Says", New York Times, 25 January 2012
↑ Dave Altimari, Denise Buffa, and David Owens, "FBI: 4 Arrested Police Officers Were 'Bullies With Badges'," The Hartford Courant, 25 January 2012
1 2 Associated Press, "Conn. city to settle US claims of police anti-Latino bias; officer pleads guilty," Fox News, 23 October 2012
↑ Staff, "Reports-Ex-Stamford chief to lead East Haven", newstimes.com, 8 February 2012,
↑ "Settlement Reached with East Haven, Conn. in Racial Profiling Investigation", 23 October 2012, accessed 29 November 2014
↑ Pat Eaton-Robb, Associated Press, "Ex-East Haven officer sentenced to 5 years in prison in Conn. police abuse case", CBS Local News, Connecticut, 23 January 2014
↑ "Uniform Crime Reports 1985 to 2005". www.disastercenter.com/. Retrieved 2008-07-05.
↑ "2006 Crime Statistics by City". Connecticut Post. Archived from the original on 2008-06-02. Retrieved 2008-07-05.
↑ "Table 8 (Connecticut) - Crime in the United States 2007". www.fbi.gov. Archived from the original on December 11, 2008. Retrieved 2008-12-13.
↑ "Table 8 (Connecticut) - Crime in the United States 2008". www.fbi.gov. Archived from the original on April 12, 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-17.
↑ "Table 8 (Connecticut) - Crime in the United States 2010". www.fbi.gov. Retrieved 2011-10-04.
↑ "Table 8 (Connecticut) - Crime in the United States 2011". www.fbi.gov. Retrieved 2012-12-28.
↑ "Department of Social Services Nutritional Assistance Programs". Connecticut Department of Social Services.
↑ "East Haven CDP, Connecticut". nces.ed.gov. Retrieved 2012-12-28.
↑ "Hagaman Memorial Library website".
↑ "Cy Bentley's career statistics". retrosheet.org. Retrieved 2008-09-09.
↑ Kori Gardner

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to East Haven, Connecticut.

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for East Haven.

State of Connecticut

Hartford (capital)

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