Argentine legislative election, 2005

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Argentina held national parliamentary elections on Sunday, 23 October 2005. For the purpose of these elections, each of the 23 provinces and the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires are considered electoral districts.

Each district elected a number of members of the Lower House (the Argentine Chamber of Deputies) roughly proportional to their population. Eight districts (Buenos Aires, Formosa, Jujuy, La Rioja, Misiones, San Juan, San Luis, and Santa Cruz) also elected members to the Upper House of Congress (the Argentine Senate); as usual, three senators were elected (two for the majority, one for the first minority).

In most provinces, the national elections were conducted in parallel with local ones, whereby a number of municipalities elected legislative officials (concejales) and in some cases also a mayor (or the equivalent executive post). Each provincial election followed local regulations.

A number of districts had held primary elections beforehand. In most cases, primary elections are optional and can be called for by the local political parties as needed; in Santa Fe, however, the primaries were universal and compulsory due to a recent law that repealed the much-criticized Ley de Lemas. Turnout continued to decline, and reached 70.9% in these elections.

Background

The main parties and coalitions competing in these elections were:

In some districts, different factions of the Justicialist Party (PJ) presented candidates separately. In Buenos Aires Province and the city of Buenos Aires, the main intra-party division of the PJ was between the center-right, traditional Peronist faction led by Hilda González de Duhalde (wife of former governor and interim president Eduardo Duhalde), and the more center-left "heterodox" faction with candidates that answer to President Néstor Kirchner. These included his own wife, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, and Minister of Foreign Relations, Rafael Bielsa. In the Province of Buenos Aires, this split was protested by other parties, on the grounds that the PJ (taken as a whole) would most likely win the three senatorial benches available (as it finally occurred).

Kirchner took a prominent role in the campaign for "his" candidates of the Front for Victory (Frente para la Victoria, FV) in most provinces, explicitly stating that these elections were a referendum on his administration. Kirchner also campaigned against former President Carlos Menem, a leading conservative Peronist, in La Rioja Province, where the latter was ultimately elected to the Senate for the third (minority party) seat. The opening and closing campaign meetings of the FV were both held in Rosario, a typically progressive city that, since 1987, had been governed successfully by a Socialist local government. This party changed the traditional electoral paradigm in the Province of Santa Fe, largely displacing Peronism and the UCR in that district.

Results

President Néstor Kirchner (left) confers with Buenos Aires Province Governor Felipe Solá. Their opposition to powerbroker Eduardo Duhalde dominated the 2005 races.

Buoyed by a strong recovery in the Argentine economy, candidates endorsed by Kirchner (mainly on the Front for Victory ticket) obtained an overwhelming triumph. Of the 127 deputies elected, the FV won 69 seats (54%); the UCR only got 19. The rest of the Justicialist Party obtained 11 seats; Recrear got 9, the ARI got 8, and the Socialist Party got 5. Only the three most voted in this list have an established national structure; Recrear and the ARI are relatively recent offshoots of the UCR (to the right- and left-wing side of the political spectrum, respectively), and the Socialist Party's five deputies all belong to the province of Santa Fe, the only district where the PS is strong.

As explained above, eight provinces were also scheduled to renew their senators (the Senate is renewed by thirds every two years). The Front for Victory won 17 of the 24 senatorial seats. The other factions of Peronism got 4 senators. The UCR got the remaining 3 seats. Among the remarkable results were the victory of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner in Buenos Aires, the largest in the country, beating Hilda González de Duhalde by about 25% of the votes; and the defeat of Carlos Menem in his home district, La Rioja (though he won the first minority seat). Parties took part in the elections in various alliances and with various labels in the diverse provinces. The table below is based on the results per province listed at Elecciones 2005.

 Summary of the 23 October 2005 Argentine National Congress election results
Coalitions and parties Chamber of Deputies of the Nation:
127 out of 257 seats		 Senate of the Nation:
24 out of 72 seats
Votes % Deputies Votes % Senators
Front for Victory (Frente para la Victoria) 5,071,094 29.9 50 3,572,361 45.1 14
Radical Civic Union (Unión Cívica Radical) 1,514,653 8.9 10 597,730 7.5 2
Support for an Egalitarian Republic (Alternativa por una República de Iguales) 1,227,726 7.2 8 549,208 6.9 -
Justicialist Party (Partido Justicialista) 1,142,522 6.7 9 58,485 0.7 1
Republican Proposal (Propuesta Republicana - PRO) 1,046,020 6.2 9 492,892 6.2 -
Justicialist Front (Frente Justicialista) 670,309 3.9 7 1,364,880 17.2 3
Progressive, Civic and Social Front (Frente Progresista Cívico y Social) 625,335 3.7 5
Alliance Union of Córdoba (Alianza Unión Córdoba) 530,115 3.1 4
Federalist Unity Party (Partido Unidad Federalista) 372,843 2.2 2
Alliance New Front (Alianza Frente Nuevo) 347,412 2.0 3
Front for Everyone (Frente de Todos) 316,294 1.9 6
Front for the Renewal of Concord (Frente Renovador de la Concordia) 189,327 1.1 2 187,255 2.4 2
Civic Front for Santiago (Frente Cívico por Santiago) 185,733 1.1 3
Neuquén People's Movement (Movimiento Popular Neuquino) 85,700 0.5 2
Front of Jujuy (Frente Jujeño) 78,051 1.0 1
Alliance Front of Production and Labour (Alianza Frente Produccion y Trabajo) 71,984 0.9 1
Others 3,647,997 21.5 7 953,739 12.0 -
Total (turnout 70.9 % resp. 72.3 %) 16,973,080   127 7,926,585 24
Registered voters 26,098,546 12,081,098
Votes cast 18,513,717 8,730,094
Invalid votes 1,540,637 8.3 803,509 9.2
Source: Adam Carr's Website

Be aware that parties operate under various labels and alliances in the provinces.

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References

In Spanish unless otherwise noted.

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