Betty Zane

A 19th century depiction of Elizabeth Zane's legendary feat of retrieving powder during the 1782 siege of Fort Henry

Elizabeth "Betty" Zane McLaughlin Clark (July 19, 1765 – August 23, 1823) was a heroine of the Revolutionary War on the American frontier. She was the daughter of William Andrew Zane and Nancy Ann (née Nolan) Zane, and the sister of Ebenezer Zane, Silas Zane, Jonathan Zane, Isaac Zane and Andrew Zane.

In 1782 native American and British forces attacked the small garrison of Fort Henry (modern-day Wheeling, West Virginia) which was being defended by forty-two men under the command of Colonel David Shepherd of the Ohio Militia. When the garrison ran low on ammunition (black powder), Zane volunteered to leave the garrison to retrieve more ammunition from her brother's home nearby. Zane's actions are credited with allowing the defenders to continue to hold the fort, which remained under American control.[1]

Biography

Three of the Zane brothers — Ebenezer, Silas and Jonathan — migrated from present-day Moorefield, Hardy County, [West] Virginia in 1769 and founded the first settlement at present-day Wheeling, Ohio County, West Virginia. The rest of the Zane family later joined them at the new settlement.

According to a historical marker in Wheeling, on September 11, 1782, the Zane family was under siege in Fort Henry by American Indian allies of the British. During the siege, while Betty was loading a Kentucky rifle, her father was wounded and fell from the top of the fort right in front of her. The captain of the fort said, "We have lost two men, one Mr. Zane and another gentlemen, and we need black gunpowder."

Betty's brother carelessly left gunpowder at their house. She ran 40 to 50 yards to retrieve gunpowder. Then returned safely. They held off the Native Americans and lived.

The Zane family later settled in what became Martins Ferry, Belmont County, Ohio, across the Ohio River from Wheeling, and played an important role during Ohio's formative years.

Personal life

Elizabeth "Betty" Zane was married twice and was a mother of nine children.

Before her first marriage, she bore a daughter, Minerva Catherine Zane, also known as Miriam, by one Van Swearingen. Court records in Ohio County, Virginia show an order for Van Swearingen to deed property to Betty Zane, so the daughter would be provided for and not become a burden on the county.

Zane's first husband was Ephraim McLaughlin with whom she had four daughters; Mary Ann "Polly", Sarah Nancy, Rebecca and Hannah McLaughlin. After the death of her first husband, she married Jacob Clark with whom she had a son, Ebenezer Clark, and a daughter, Catherine Clark.

Zane's date of birth was July 19, 1765 and she died on August 23, 1823.

Betty was buried in what is now the Walnut Grove Pioneer Cemetery in Martins Ferry, Ohio. Her heroism is remembered each year during Betty Zane Pioneer Days.

Legacy

The community of Betty Zane near Wheeling, West Virginia, was named after her.

More than one hundred years after her death, John S. Adams wrote a poem called Elizabeth Zane that achieved some acclaim.[2]

Betty Zane's great-grandnephew, the author Zane Grey, wrote a historical novel about her, titled Betty Zane. One of the main events in the story is the tale of Zane's fetching supplies from the family cabin. When Grey could not find a publisher for the book, he published it himself in 1903 using his wife's money. Grey later named his daughter Betty Zane after his famous aunt.

References

  1. ↑ http://media.proquest.com/media/pq/hnp/doc/218354181/fmt/ai/rep/NONE?hl=&cit%3Aauth=&cit%3Atitle=HEROISM+OF+ELIZABETH+ZANE.&cit%3Apub=Frank+Leslie%27s+Popular+Monthly+%281876-1904%29&cit%3Avol=XII&cit%3Aiss=5&cit%3Apg=605&cit%3Adate=Nov+1881&ic=true&cit%3Aprod=American+Periodicals&_a=ChgyMDE2MDIxMjIwMzY0MzI2MzoxMzA2OTESBjEyMTIzNRoKT05FX1NFQVJDSCIOMTU3LjE4Mi4xNDkuNzUqBTI1MTY5MgkxMzY1NDkyMDk6DURvY3VtZW50SW1hZ2VCATBSBk9ubGluZVoCRlRiA1BGVGoKMTg4MS8xMS8wMXIKMTg4MS8xMS8zMHoAggEpUC0xMDA3MDkxLTI4MzctUEVSUEVUVUFMLTEwMDAwMDE5LTEwNjk0NzSSAQZPbmxpbmXKAURNb3ppbGxhLzUuMCAoV2luZG93cyBOVCA2LjE7IFdPVzY0OyBUcmlkZW50LzcuMDsgcnY6MTEuMCkgbGlrZSBHZWNrb9IBCU1hZ2F6aW5lc5oCB1ByZVBhaWSqAihPUzpFTVMtUGRmRG9jVmlld0Jhc2UtZ2V0TWVkaWFVcmxGb3JJdGVtygIPRmVhdHVyZXxBcnRpY2xl0gIBWeICuAFodHRwOi8vd3Z1LnN1bW1vbi5zZXJpYWxzc29sdXRpb25zLmNvbS8jIS9zZWFyY2g%2FaG89dCZmdmY9Q29udGVudFR5cGUsSm91cm5hbCUyMEFydGljbGUsZiU3Q0NvbnRlbnRUeXBlLE5ld3NwYXBlciUyMEFydGljbGUsZiU3Q0NvbnRlbnRUeXBlLE1hZ2F6aW5lJTIwQXJ0aWNsZSxmJmw9ZW4mcT1FbGl6YWJldGglMjBaYW5l6gIGc3VtbW9u8gIA&_s=PjzzofxD%2BVA4uWs3iGY04flOSHk%3D
  2. ↑ Adams, John S. (1911). "Elizabeth Zane". In Martzolff, Clement L. Poems on Ohio. Ohio Historical Society. pp. 135–136.

External links

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