Wheeling, West Virginia

Wheeling is a city in Ohio county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. Located almost entirely in Ohio County, of which it is the county seat,^[5] it lies along the Ohio River in the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains. Wheeling was originally a settlement in the British colony of Virginia and later an important city in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Wheeling was the first state capital of West Virginia. Due to its location along major transportation routes, including the Ohio River, National Road, and the B&O Railroad, Wheeling became a manufacturing center in the late nineteenth century. After experiencing the closing of factories and substantial population loss following World War II, Wheeling's major industries now include healthcare, education, law and legal services, entertainment and tourism, and energy.

Wheeling is the principal city of the Wheeling Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2010 census, the Wheeling, WV MSA had a population of 147,950, and the city had a population of 28,486.

History

Arrival of early Europeans

The origins of the name "Wheeling" are disputed. One of the more credible explanations is that the word comes from the Lenni-Lenape phrase wih link, which meant "place of the head." This supposedly referred to a white settler who was scalped and decapitated. His severed head was displayed at the confluence of Wheeling Creek and the Ohio River.^[6] The area had been inhabited by Native Americans for thousands of years. In the 17th century, the Iroquois from present-day New York state conquered the upper Ohio Valley, pushing out other tribes and maintaining the area as their hunting ground.

Originally explored by the French, Wheeling still has a lead plate remnant buried by the explorer Céloron de Blainville in 1749 at the mouth of Wheeling Creek to mark their claim. Later, Christopher Gist and George Washington surveyed the land, in 1751 and 1770, respectively.^[7]

Establishment of European settlement

During the fall of 1769, Ebenezer Zane explored the Wheeling area and established claim to the land via "tomahawk rights." (This process meant to deaden a few trees near the head of a spring, and mark the bark with the initials of the name of the person who made the claim). He returned the following spring with his wife Elizabeth and his younger brothers, Jonathan and Silas; they established the first permanent European settlement in the Wheeling area, naming it Zanesburg. Other families joined the settlement, including the Shepherds (see Monument Place), the Wetzels, and the McCollochs (see McColloch's Leap).

In 1787, the United States gave Virginia this portion of lands west of the Appalachians, and some to Pennsylvania at its western edge, to settle their claims. By the Northwest Ordinance that year, it established the Northwest Territory to cover other lands north of the Ohio River and west to the Mississippi River. Settlers began to move into new areas along the Ohio.

In 1793, Ebenezer Zane divided the town into lots, and Wheeling was officially established as a town in 1795 by legislative enactment. The town was incorporated January 16, 1805. On March 11, 1836, the town of Wheeling was incorporated into the city of Wheeling.

By an act of the Virginia General Assembly on December 27, 1797, Wheeling was named the county seat of Ohio County.^[8]

Fort Henry

Originally dubbed Fort Fincastle in 1774, the fort was later renamed Fort Henry in honor of Virginia's American governor, Patrick Henry. In 1777, Native Americans of the Shawnee, Wyandot and Mingo tribes joined to attack pioneer settlements along the upper Ohio River, which were illegal according to the Crown's Proclamation of 1763. They hoped an alliance with the British would drive the colonial settlers out of their territory.

Local men, later joined by recruits from Fort Shepherd (in Elm Grove) and Fort Holliday, defended the fort. The native force burned the surrounding cabins and destroyed livestock.

"McColloch's Leap"

During the first attack of the year, Major Samuel McColloch led a small force of men from Fort Vanmetre along Short Creek to assist the besieged Fort Henry. Separated from his men, McColloch was chased by attacking Indians. Upon his horse, McColloch charged up Wheeling Hill and made what is known as McColloch's Leap 300 feet (91 m) down its eastern side.

In 1782, a native army along with British soldiers attempted to take Fort Henry. During this siege, Fort Henry's supply of ammunition was exhausted. The defenders decided to dispatch a man to secure more ammunition from the Zane homestead. Betty Zane volunteered for the dangerous task. During her departing run, she was heckled by both native and British soldiers. After reaching the Zane homestead, she gathered a tablecloth and filled it with gunpowder. During her return, she was fired upon but was uninjured. As a result of her heroism, Fort Henry remained in American control.^[8]

Role as transportation hub

Wheeling Suspension Bridge

The National Road arrived in Wheeling in 1818, linking the Ohio River to the Potomac River, and allowing goods from the Ohio Valley to flow through Wheeling and on to points east. As the endpoint of National Road, Wheeling became a gateway to early western expansion. In 1849 the Wheeling Suspension Bridge crossed the Ohio River and allowed the city to expand onto Wheeling Island. Lessons learned constructing the bridge were used in the construction of the Brooklyn Bridge. Rail transportation reached Wheeling in 1853 when the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad connected Wheeling to Pennsylvania, Maryland and markets in the Northeast. A bridge over the river connected it to Bellaire, Ohio and western areas.

Anti-slavery sentiment

Much of this area had been settled by yeomen farmers, few of whom owned slaves. With the railroad, a larger industrial or mercantile middle-class developed that depended on free labor; it either felt disinterest or hostility to slavery. The Wheeling Intelligencer newspaper expressed the area's anti-secession sentiment as tensions rose over slavery and national issues. The city became part of the movement of western areas to secede from Virginia after the beginning of the Civil War. It was the location of the aforementioned Wheeling Convention.^[9] It served as the provisional capital of the Restored Government of Virginia from 1861 to 1863, and became the first capital of West Virginia after it seceded from Virginia and was admitted to the Union in its own right in 1863.

The growing German population, which included immigrants after the 1848 Revolutions, was firmly anti-slavery. The Germans of Wheeling organized the "First West Virginia Artillery" to oppose the Confederacy and played a role in the initial movement to separate from Virginia.^[10] The Germans' culture influenced the city, such as their "German Singing Societies," the first of which began in 1855.^[11]

Post-Civil War growth

Although Wheeling lost its position as capital in 1865, it continued to grow. In the late nineteenth century, it served as a prime industrial center for the state. Noted businesses of the era included the Bloch Brothers Tobacco Company and steel concerns.^[12] As it grew, prosperous residents built an area of fine housing around Wheeling Island, but slums also grew.^[13]

With industry, Wheeling reached its peak of population in 1930. The Great Depression, and later changes and restructuring in heavy industry following World War II, led to a loss of working-class jobs and population. Capitalizing on its rich architectural heritage, Wheeling has worked to revive its main street and heritage tourism activities near the Ohio River. In addition, West Virginia has constructed fiber optics networks for advanced communication. Wheeling is becoming a center in health services and education as well.

Geography

Wheeling is located at 40°4′13″N 80°41′55″W / 40.07028°N 80.69861°W / 40.07028; -80.69861 (40.070348, -80.698604).^[14] According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 16.01 square miles (41.47 km²), of which 13.79 square miles (35.72 km²) is land and 2.22 square miles (5.75 km²) is water.^[1]

Wheeling is located in northern West Virginia, on what is known as the northern panhandle. The area lies within the ecoregion of the Western Allegheny Plateau.^[15] The city is directly across the river from the state of Ohio and only 11 miles (18 km) west of Pennsylvania. It is a part of the Tri-State area of Ohio, Pennsylvania and West Virginia, which is commonly referred to as the Ohio River Valley Region or "The Ohio Valley".

Wheeling Creek flows through the city, and meets the Ohio River in downtown Wheeling.

The city is located both on the West Virginia side of the Ohio River, and on an island in the middle of the river called Wheeling Island.

Climate

Wheeling lies on the transitional climate zone between the humid temperate climate and the humid continental climate (Köppen: Cfa/Dfa, respectively) with hot humid summers and cold winters. The annual precipitation is about 37 inches.

Demographics

Historical population
Census	Pop.		%±
1840	7,885		—
1850	11,435		45.0%
1860	14,083		23.2%
1870	19,280		36.9%
1880	30,737		59.4%
1890	34,522		12.3%
1900	38,878		12.6%
1910	41,641		7.1%
1920	56,208		35.0%
1930	61,659		9.7%
1940	61,099		−0.9%
1950	58,891		−3.6%
1960	53,400		−9.3%
1970	48,188		−9.8%
1980	43,070		−10.6%
1990	34,882		−19.0%
2000	31,419		−9.9%
2010	28,486		−9.3%
Est. 2014	27,790	^[16]	−2.4%
U.S. Decennial Census^[17] 2014 Estimate^[3]

2010 census

As of the census^[2] of 2010, there were 28,486 people, 12,816 households, and 6,949 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,065.7 inhabitants per square mile (797.6/km²). There were 14,661 housing units at an average density of 1,063.2 per square mile (410.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 91.2% White, 5.1% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.9% Asian, 0.2% from other races, and 2.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.9% of the population.

There were 12,816 households of which 22.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.6% were married couples living together, 12.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 45.8% were non-families. 40.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 17.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.11 and the average family size was 2.84.

The median age in the city was 45.2 years. 18.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.8% were from 25 to 44; 29.8% were from 45 to 64; and 20.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.9% male and 53.1% female.

2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 31,419 people, 13,719 households, and 7,806 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,258.4 people per square mile (872.1/km²). There were 15,706 housing units at an average density of 1,128.9 per square mile (436.0/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 92.72% White, 4.99% African American, 0.10% Native American, 0.91% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.16% from other races, and 1.09% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.58% of the population.

There were 13,719 households out of which 23.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.8% were married couples living together, 12.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.1% were non-families. 38.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 18.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.89.

In the city the population was spread out with 20.6% under the age of 18, 9.1% from 18 to 24, 24.3% from 25 to 44, 24.5% from 45 to 64, and 21.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females there were 84.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $27,388, and the median income for a family was $38,708. Males had a median income of $30,750 versus $22,099 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,923. About 13.1% of families and 18.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.3% of those under age 18 and 11.2% of those age 65 or over.

Government

Under West Virginia law, cities may adopt the Manager-Mayor Plan. The elected mayor presides over meetings of the Wheeling City Council, which has six members elected from geographic wards. City Council members serve four-year terms. The City Council also confirms executive nominations for members to various boards which have limited regulatory authority, including the Planning Commission, the Board of Zoning Appeals, and the Traffic Commission.^[18] The City Manager serves as Chief Executive and Administrative officer for the city.^[19] The current Mayor of Wheeling is Andy McKenzie, and the current City Manager of Wheeling is Robert Herron. The current members of City Council are Gloria Delbrugge (1st Ward), Ken Imer (2nd Ward), Robert E. "Herk" Henry (3rd Ward), David Miller (4th Ward), Don Atkinson (5th Ward), and Vice-Mayor Eugene Fahey (6th Ward).^[18] City elections were held on May 8, 2012, and the current term began on July 1, 2012. City elections will be held again in 2016.

Attractions

West Virginia Independence Hall

Historical buildings

The city of Wheeling has a rich and varied history. West Virginia Independence Hall was the site of the Wheeling Convention, two meetings held in 1861 that ultimately reversed Virginia's Ordinance of Secession. Twenty-six counties in Virginia's north and west voted against secession from the Union and created the new state of West Virginia, which the United States quickly admitted. Later in 1861 and continuing to 1863, the building was the site of many heated debates during the First Constitutional Convention of West Virginia^[20] including the name of the new state.^[21]

Wheeling is home to Centre Market, formerly Wheeling's market house. Built in 1853,^[22] the market house and the surrounding area have been adapted for use as retail shops and restaurants.

The first official memorial monument in the state of West Virginia, dedicated specifically to men killed in the Vietnam War, was dedicated in Wheeling, with full military honors, in a Memorial Day 1986 ceremony. The monument was erected in front of the flagpole near the main shelter of Bethlehem Community Park in the village of Bethlehem, just southeast of Wheeling. The roughly 6 foot tall granite memorial consists of a large, bronze dedication plaque with the names of KIAs from the Wheeling/Ohio County region. Below the dedication plaque is a bronze map of South Vietnam, complete with names of 28 major cities.

Parks and recreation

Wheeling features several municipal parks including Oglebay Resort & Conference Center and Wheeling Park. Ohio County has six golf courses, including designs by renowned golfer Arnold Palmer and architect Robert Trent Jones. The Wheeling Suspension Bridge, which was once the longest suspension bridge in the world, connects downtown Wheeling to Wheeling Island.

In October 2007 the City of Wheeling opened the state's first concrete skateboard park. The 12,000-square-foot (1,100 m²) facility was designed and built by world-renowned skatepark builder, Grindline, of Seattle, Washington. The park consists of 60% bowls and 40% street elements; it is located within the Chambers Ballfield Complex in the Elm Grove section of the City. An addition to the street section of the park was completed by Grindline in November 2009. A covered shelter, restrooms, and webcam are scheduled to be installed in early 2010. The park is lighted and open 24/7.

Education

K–12

As elsewhere in West Virginia, K–12 schools are organized at the county level of government. The public school system, Ohio County Schools, consists of 14 schools: nine elementary schools, four middle schools, which include Triadelphia Middle which has been nominated for the blue ribbon school award; and the nationally recognized Wheeling Park High School. Several parochial and private schools, including Wheeling Central Catholic High School and the Linsly School, are located in the city.

Colleges and universities

Wheeling is the hub of higher education in the Northern Panhandle of West Virginia. Wheeling Jesuit University, a private Jesuit university and the only Catholic college in the state of West Virginia, is located here.^[23]

The main campus of West Virginia Northern Community College has recently been expanding with centers in downtown Wheeling; it focuses on job training and community development. Also located within close proximity to the city are West Liberty University (formerly West Liberty State College), a four-year university, and private Bethany College, giving area residents a wide variety of educational options.

Entertainment

Music

Wheeling has a long tradition of live musical performance and radio broadcasting. With over 2,500 seats, The Capitol Theatre is the largest theatre in West Virginia. Opened in 1928, The Capitol was home to It's Wheeling Steel, a popular radio program in the early forties featuring musical performances by workers at a local steel plant. The Capitol welcomes musical performances of all types, from Johnny Cash, Merle Haggard, and Tammy Wynette, to Ray Charles, Bob Dylan, B.B. King and Black Sabbath. Other past performers include Jerry Seinfeld, David Copperfield, and George Carlin.

Capitol Theatre Wheeling sm

The Wheeling Symphony Orchestra is housed at the Capitol Theatre and performs a range of contemporary, classical, and seasonal arrangements.

Wheeling is also home to the Victoria Theater, the oldest theater in West Virginia. The 700-seat Victorian-style theater served as home to the WWVA Jamboree program from 1933–1936. More recently, it has been the site for the "Wheeling Jamboree", a local initiative started in 2009 and modeled after the original WWVA Jamboree (which changed its name in the 1960s to Jamboree U.S.A.). The original WWVA Jamboree ran from 1933–2007, making it the second longest running country radio program and a variety show in the country after the "Grand Ole Opry" in Nashville, Tennessee.

Live music echoes from the amphitheatre at the Wheeling Heritage Port several nights per week from mid-Spring through late-Fall. The waterfront park area hosts numerous festivals, concerts, movie nights, celebrations, a regatta and numerous visits from the Delta, Mississippi and American Queen riverboats. The Port holds over 8,000 spectators and has become a focal point to the City.

Held in nearby Belmont County, Ohio Jamboree In The Hills draws over 100,000 country music fans to the Wheeling area every July.

Theater

Fans of theater have several options in Wheeling. The Capitol Theatre hosts numerous touring musical performances. In addition, the Oglebay Institute's Towngate Theatre in Center Wheeling has, for over 35 years, produced plays.^[24]

Sports

Wheeling is home to the Wheeling Nailers hockey team. The Nailers play in the WesBanco Arena (formerly the Wheeling Civic Center), and participate in the North division, American Conference of the ECHL. High school football and soccer are played at Wheeling Island Stadium. Formerly home to the Ohio Valley Greyhounds, Wheeling became home to a second team in 2009.^[25] The team, known as the Wheeling Wildcats, played in the Continental Indoor Football League but folded after the 2009 season.^[26]

Wheeling is also home to the headquarters of the Mountain East Conference, a NCAA Division II conference that plans to start play in the 2013–14 school year. Wheeling Jesuit and West Liberty are both charter members of the new conference, an offshoot of the disbanding West Virginia Intercollegiate Athletic Conference.

Live racing and gaming

Wheeling is the home of Wheeling Island Hotel-Casino-Racetrack located on Wheeling Island. Formerly known as Wheeling Downs, the facility features live greyhound racing, slots, poker games, and casino-style table games.

Table gaming

In accordance with House Bill 271 adopted on March 8, 2007, Ohio County and Jefferson County held special elections on June 9, 2007, to approve the legalization of table games within the respective counties. The Ohio County measure passed, but the Jefferson County one failed. A similar measure was successfully adopted in Hancock County on June 30, 2007.^[27]

Media

Due to its close proximity to Pittsburgh, Wheeling is heavily influenced by that city's broadcast media outlets, which are easily received in the area. Besides broadcast stations Wheeling's cable providers also carry Root Sports Pittsburgh and the Pittsburgh-centric news/talk channel PCNC as its "home" sports and information sources.

In addition to the Pittsburgh outlets, the Wheeling television market is served by CBS affiliate WTRF-TV Channel 7, PBS affiliate W41AA Channel 41, and NBC affiliate WTOV-TV Channel 9 in nearby Steubenville, Ohio. The city is served by cable television provider Comcast and parts of the city are also served by Centre TV.

Wheeling is home to WWVA 1170 AM, the state's only 50,000-watt AM station that can be heard throughout the East Coast at night. WVLY 1370 AM and WKKX 1600 AM provide local news, sports, and talk. On the FM dial, WVKF 95.7, WKWK 97.3, WOVK 98.7 and WEGW 107.5 provide the area with various music genres. The Wheeling area is the home of WDUQ-LP, a listener-supported commercial-free station, which also serves as the local Pacifica affiliate. Pittsburgh's radio stations provide Wheeling with coverage. A number of translators and repeater stations provide NPR and American Family Radio networks. Wheeling also has a student-run radio station, WPHP 91.9, operated by Wheeling Park High School students. WPHP plays top 40 songs and also covers all of the Wheeling Park Patriots' football and basketball games.

The city is home to The Intelligencer and Wheeling News-Register newspapers. Both papers are owned by Ogden Newspapers Inc., based in Wheeling. The Intelligencer is published weekday mornings and Saturdays, while the News-Register is published weekday afternoons and Sundays. The Times-Leader of Martins Ferry, Ohio, another Ogden Newspapers Inc. paper, also covers Wheeling issues. In Wheeling magazine is published quarterly and covers society and events in the city.^[28] Two local websites, Weelunk and Dateline: Wheeling, serve as independent news sources for the city.^[29]^[30]

Infrastructure

The Fort Henry Bridge carries I-70, US 40, and US 250 across the Ohio River, Wheeling, West Virginia

Transportation

Roads and bridges

Interstate 70 and its spur Interstate 470 run through the city east-west and link it with suburban Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to the east and Ohio to the west. U.S. Route 40/National Road links downtown with residential neighborhoods to the east. West Virginia Route 2 connects Wheeling with Moundsville to the south and Weirton to the north. U.S. Route 250 also runs through the city.

The Fort Henry Bridge and Vietnam Veterans Memorial Bridge carry I-70 and I-470 respectively over the Ohio River. The historic Wheeling Suspension Bridge, completed in 1849, which was part of National Road (see early pic.), now carries cars and light trucks as well as pedestrian traffic between downtown and Wheeling Island. I-70 passes under Wheeling Hill through the Wheeling Tunnel.

Bus transportation

Bus transportation to points throughout North America is available from Wheeling through Greyhound Lines. The bus terminal, the Robert C. Byrd Intermodal Transportation Center, was built with $11.1 million in federal funds.^[31]

Regional transportation through West Virginia and Eastern Ohio is provided by the East Ohio and Ohio Valley Regional Transit Authorities, which shares the Intermodal Transportation Center as its hub for its Hub-and-Spoke routes throughout the area.^[32]

Wheeling once operated streetcars from the 1880s to 1943 under the Wheeling Traction Company and Co-operative Transit Company. Buses replaced streetcar operations due to operating costs.^[33]

Air transportation

The city is served by the Wheeling Ohio County Airport for general aviation and Pittsburgh International Airport for passenger service.

Notable people

Jodi Applegate, TV news anchor
Leon "Chu" Berry, jazz saxophonist
Thais Blatnik, west Virginia journalist and politician
Leo Brady, playwright, novelist, and director
Adelbert R. Buffington, United States Army general
Jesse Burkett, Hall of Fame baseball player
Bobby Campo, actor
Jack Canfield, motivational speaker
John Corbett, actor
Billy Cox, bassist
Henrietta Crosman, actress
Faith Daniels, network broadcaster
Rebecca Harding Davis, author
Joseph M. Devine, Governor of North Dakota from 1898 to 1899^[34]
Joyce DeWitt, actress
Joanne Dru, actress
William L. Elkins, 19th Century business tycoon
Doug Fetherling, writer
Walter L. Fisher, U.S. Secretary of the Interior
Mike Florio, sportswriter
Kelsey Fowler, Broadway actress
Virginia Fox, actress
Gene Freese, baseball player
Jack Glasscock, Major League Baseball player^[35]
George Herbig, astronomer
Chuck Howley, NFL linebacker for Chicago Bears and Dallas Cowboys
Alvan Macauley, president of Packard 1916-1939
Keith Maillard, writer
Bill Mazeroski, Hall of Fame second baseman
Darvin Moon, 2009 World Series of Poker finalist
Cy Morgan, a Major League Baseball pitcher
Bob Ney, U.S. Representative from Ohio
Robert Nutting and family, principal owners of the Pittsburgh Pirates
Mollie O'Brien, Grammy-winning bluegrass singer
Tim O'Brien, Grammy-winning bluegrass musician, brother of Mollie O'Brien
Walter Reuther, labor leader
Rick Schneider-Calabash, animation producer, writer, and director
Eleanor Steber, operatic soprano associated with Metropolitan Opera
Robert E. L. Strider, President of Colby College
Andy Tonkovich, basketball player selected first in the 1948 BAA Draft
Nan Wynn, big band singer and actress
John Yarnall, naval officer during War of 1812
Dewey Cox, Musician
Terrance John Buch, Professor, actor, Director

Wheeling in fiction

In the 1971 film "Fools' Parade" starring Jimmy Stewart and Kurt Russell, set in and around Marshall County, West Virginia during the Great Depression, the character Junior Kilfong, played by Morgan Paull mentions that he has to get to Wheeling by midnight to sing on the radio.
In Season 2, Episode 11 of Family Ties, Alex and his friends go to Wheeling to celebrate his 18th birthday.
In Season 1 of The White Shadow, the episode "Bonus Baby" has the Wheeling Wheelers as the semi-pro team that Warren Coolidge was being shopped to by unscrupulous agent, Walter Preston.
Wheeling, under the name Raysburg, occurs again and again as the centre for action in several of Keith Maillard's novels, notably in Gloria and Clarinet Polka.
In the 2005 film Walk the Line, Johnny Cash and June Carter performed at the Capital City Music Hall in downtown Wheeling while on tour.
Wheeling is referred to in Bat Boy: The Musical as the nearest large town to Hope Falls, where the story takes place.
Wheeling is referred to in the episode "Howard and Millie" of The Andy Griffith Show, where the couple, along with Andy and Helen, travel by train to Wheeling to get married. The wedding is then cancelled after arriving.
Wheeling is referred to in an episode of The Waltons, called "The Deed", set in and around Schuyler, Virginia, when Richard Thomas' character "John Boy" travels 335 miles (539 km) to the 'Big City' of Wheeling in 1934.
Wheeling is referred to in an episode of the sitcom Family Ties, set in Columbus, Ohio, when Michael J. Fox's character Alex P. Keaton says, "let's go down to Wheeling, West Virginia," to drink.
Billy Joel's hit song "The Ballad of Billy the Kid" identifies the birthplace of the ballad's antagonist as Wheeling.
In Season 2 of The West Wing, the episode "In This White House" names Wheeling as a location where two would-be assassins purchased firearms in their mission to kill the show's President, Josiah Bartlett.
John Corbett's character, Chris Stevens (Chris in the Morning), in Northern Exposure is from Wheeling.
"Life in the Iron Mills", a short story by Rebecca Harding Davis, was set in the factory world of nineteenth-century Wheeling. Her first published work, it appeared anonymously in April 1861 in the Atlantic Monthly; it caused a literary sensation and its powerful naturalism.
Whatever is a 1998 independent film, shot mostly in Wheeling, about teenagers facing the difficulties of growing up in Northern New Jersey.
A West Virginia–centric episode of Murder, She Wrote, "Coal Miner's Slaughter", has Megan Mullally's character passing the bar exam in Wheeling.
"Wheeling, West Virginia" was a hit song for Neil Sedaka in 1970. The song tells of an actor from Wheeling who works at MGM.
"Eliza and the House that Jack Built", a novel by Hungarian writer Albert Wass, takes place in the Wheeling area, around the end of the 19th century. The story is about the pioneers and immigrants who have settled there.
Fort Wheeling, a comics series by the Italian comics author Hugo Pratt, deals with events taking place in the Wheeling area during the American Revolution.
Wheeling is mentioned in the song "Bonita & Bill Butler" by Alison Krauss & Union Station
Barney Stinson (Neil Patrick Harris) mentions Wheeling in "The Lighthouse" episode of How I Met Your Mother, aired November 4, 2013.
In Criminal Minds Season 9 Episode 20, called "Blood Relations" (directed by Matthew Gray Gubler), Wheeling was the setting for the crimes involving feuding families, being investigated by the FBI Behavioral Analysis Unit.

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1 2 Cranmer, Hon. Gibson Lamb., ed. (1902) [1902]. History of Wheeling City and Ohio County, West Virginia and Representative Citizens. Chicago: Biographical Publishing Company.
↑ Ronald L. Lewis, Transforming the Appalachian Countryside: Railroads, Deforestation, and ..., p. 55
↑ Herrmann Schuricht, History of the German Element in Virginia, Volume 2, pp. 112-122
↑ Edward C. Wolf, "Wheeling's German Singing Societies", West Virginia History, 1980-1981 42(1-2): 1-56
↑ Otis K. Rice, Stephen W. Brown, West Virginia: A History, pp. 199-201
↑ John Alexander Williams, West Virginia, A History, American Association for State and Local History, p. 176
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↑ City of Wheeling, West Virginia
↑ First Constitutional Convention of West Virginia
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↑ Waterson, Steve. "Reopening of Centre Market today," Wheeling Intelligencer, 18 May 1989, accessed 13 Apr 2008 .
↑ "The Value of a Jesuit education." Wheeling Jesuit University, accessed 13 Apr 2008 .
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↑ http://www.wvgenweb.org/ohio/trolley/trolley-train.htm
↑ "Joseph M. Devine". National Governors Association. Retrieved 13 September 2012.
↑ Reichler, Joseph L., ed. (1979) [1969]. The Baseball Encyclopedia (4th ed.). New York: Macmillan Publishing. ISBN 0-02-578970-8.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wheeling, West Virginia.

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Wheeling.

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Wheeling.

City of Wheeling

Topics	Attractions Economy Education Entertainment Geography Government History Infrastructure Media People

Top subjects	Alma Grace McDonough Health and Recreation Center Bloch Brothers Tobacco Company Hazel-Atlas Glass Company The Intelligencer & Wheeling News Register Marsh Wheeling Oglebay Park Ohio Valley and Eastern Ohio Regional Transportation Authority Reymann Brewing Company WesBanco Arena West Virginia Independence Hall Wheeling Island Wheeling Island Stadium Wheeling Jesuit University Wheeling Park

Suburbs	Bellaire Bethlehem Clearview Martins Ferry Moundsville Triadelphia Valley Grove West Liberty

Municipalities and communities of Ohio County, West Virginia, United States

County seat: Wheeling

City	Wheeling‡

Towns	Triadelphia West Liberty

Villages	Bethlehem Clearview Valley Grove

Unincorporated communities	Betty Zane Clinton Eden Elm Grove Greggsville Mount Echo Mozart‡ Point Mills Roneys Point Twilight Valley Camp

Ghost town	Wilson

Footnotes	‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties

Municipalities and communities of Marshall County, West Virginia, United States

County seat: Moundsville

Cities	Benwood Cameron Glen Dale McMechen Moundsville Wheeling‡

Unincorporated communities	Adaline Allendale Alley Grove Andersonville Bannen Bellton Benwood Junction Big Run Calis Captina Clouston Cresap Dallas Denver Heights Fairview Georgetown Glen Easton Golden Kausooth Kent Knoxville Limestone Lone Oak Lynn Camp Majorsville McKeefrey Millsboro Mount Olivet Mozart‡ Natrium New Vrindaban Pleasant Valley Rocklick Rosbys Rock Saint Joseph Sand Hill Sherrard Viola Wolf Run Woodlands Woodruff

Ghost towns	Howard Teutonic Wells

Footnotes	‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties

Municipalities of West Virginia

Cities	Beckley Belmont Benwood Bluefield Bridgeport Buckhannon Cameron Ceredo Charles Town Charleston Chester Clarksburg Dunbar Elkins Fairmont Follansbee Gary Glen Dale Grafton Hinton Huntington Hurricane Kenova Keyser Kingwood Lewisburg Logan Madison Mannington Marmet Martinsburg McMechen Montgomery Morgantown Moundsville Mount Hope Mullens New Cumberland New Martinsville Nitro Oak Hill Paden City Parkersburg Parsons Pennsboro Petersburg Philippi Pleasant Valley Point Pleasant Princeton Ravenswood Richwood Ripley Romney Ronceverte Salem Shinnston Sistersville Smithers South Charleston Spencer St. Albans St. Marys Stonewood Thomas Vienna War Weirton Welch Wellsburg Weston Westover Wheeling White Sulphur Springs Williamson Williamstown

Towns	Addison (Webster Springs) Albright Alderson Anawalt Anmoore Ansted Athens Auburn Bancroft Barrackville Bath (Berkeley Springs) Bayard Belington Belle Bethany Beverly Blacksville Bolivar Bradshaw Bramwell Brandonville Bruceton Mills Buffalo Burnsville Cairo Camden-on-Gauley Capon Bridge Carpendale Cedar Grove Chapmanville Chesapeake Clay Clendenin Cowen Danville Davis Davy Delbarton Durbin East Bank Eleanor Elizabeth Elk Garden Ellenboro Fairview Falling Spring Farmington Fayetteville Flatwoods Flemington Fort Gay Franklin Friendly Gassaway Gauley Bridge Gilbert Glasgow Glenville Grant Town Grantsville Granville Hambleton Hamlin Handley Harman Harpers Ferry Harrisville Hartford City Hedgesville Henderson Hendricks Hillsboro Hundred Huttonsville Iaeger Jane Lew Junior Kermit Kimball Leon Lester Lost Creek Lumberport Mabscott Man Marlinton Mason Masontown Matewan Matoaka Meadow Bridge Middlebourne Mill Creek Milton Mitchell Heights Monongah Montrose Moorefield New Haven Newburg North Hills Northfork Nutter Fort Oakvale Oceana Paw Paw Pax Peterstown Piedmont Pine Grove Pineville Poca Pratt Pullman Quinwood Rainelle Reedsville Reedy Rhodell Ridgeley Rivesville Rowlesburg Rupert Sand Fork Shepherdstown Smithfield Sophia Star City Summersville Sutton Sylvester Terra Alta Thurmond Triadelphia Tunnelton Union Wardensville Wayne West Hamlin West Liberty West Logan West Milford West Union White Hall Whitesville Winfield Womelsdorf (Coalton) Worthington

Villages	Barboursville Beech Bottom Bethlehem Clearview Valley Grove Windsor Heights

The Northern Panhandle of West Virginia

Counties	Brooke Hancock Marshall Ohio

Communities	Beech Bottom Benwood Bethlehem Bethany Cameron Chester Clearview Follansbee Glen Dale McMechen Moundsville New Cumberland New Vrindaban Triadelphia Valley Grove Weirton Wellsburg West Liberty Wheeling Windsor Heights

Attractions	Bethany College Capitol Theatre Chester Teapot Grave Creek Mound Mountaineer Casino, Racetrack and Resort Oglebay Park Palace of Gold Tomlinson Run State Park West Liberty University West Virginia Independence Hall West Virginia Northern Community College West Virginia State Penitentiary Wheeling Island Wheeling Island Hotel-Casino-Racetrack Wheeling Jesuit University Wheeling Suspension Bridge The Highlands a premier shopping destination

State of West Virginia

Charleston (capital)

Topics	Cities Towns Villages Census-designated places History Geography Environment People Governors Delegations Colleges and universities Visitor attractions

Society	Culture Crime Demographics Economy Education Politics

Insignia	Coat of arms Flag Motto Seal

Regions	Allegheny Mountains Allegheny Plateau Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area Blue Ridge Charleston Metropolitan Area Cumberland Plateau Cumberland Mountains Eastern Panhandle Huntington Metropolitan Area North-Central West Virginia Northern Panhandle Potomac Highlands Ridge-and-valley Appalachians Shenandoah Valley Southern West Virginia Western West Virginia

Metro areas	Charleston Huntington Morgantown Martinsburg Parkersburg-Vienna Wheeling Winchester Weirton

Largest cities	Beckley Charleston Fairmont Huntington Martinsburg Morgantown Parkersburg Wheeling Weirton

Counties	Barbour Berkeley Boone Braxton Brooke Cabell Calhoun Clay Doddridge Fayette Gilmer Grant Greenbrier Hampshire Hancock Hardy Harrison Jackson Jefferson Kanawha Lewis Lincoln Logan Marion Marshall Mason McDowell Mercer Mineral Mingo Monongalia Monroe Morgan Nicholas Ohio Pendleton Pleasants Pocahontas Preston Putnam Raleigh Randolph Ritchie Roane Summers Taylor Tucker Tyler Upshur Wayne Webster Wetzel Wirt Wood Wyoming

Authority control	WorldCat Identities VIAF: 241843822 LCCN: n81062621 GND: 4365831-3

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