Engadin

The lakes of the Upper Engadin and the town of St. Moritz

The Engadin or Engadine (Romansh:  Engiadina , German: Engadin, Italian: Engadina, French: Engadine; tr: Valley of the Inn people) is a long valley in the eastern Swiss Alps located in the canton of Graubünden in southeast Switzerland. It follows the route of the Inn from its headwaters at Maloja Pass running roughly northeast until the Inn flows into Austria, one hundred kilometers downstream. The Engadine is protected by high mountains on all sides and is famous for its sunny climate, beautiful landscapes, and outdoor activities.

Etymology

The Romansh toponym Engiadina was first attested as Latin vallis Eniatina in AD 930. A derivation from the reconstructed ethnonym *Eniates (with a Celtic suffix -ates denoting "settlers, inhabitants", as in Licates or Atrebates) has been suggested, with the first part of the ethnonym in turn containing the name of the En (< Aenus (Enus)).

Geography

The highest peaks of the eastern Alps are in the Bernina range

The Engadin valley lies at the centre of the Alpine range and constitutes the upper part of the 300 km-long Inn valley. From the Maloja Pass (1,815 m) to the border to Tyrol (1,000 m) north of Vinadi the valley runs for a length of 100 km, always above 1,000 metres in elevation. The highest mountains of the valley are in the Bernina Range in the upper part.

The Engadin is divided into two parts:

  1. The Upper Engadin from Maloja to Zernez, where the valley is remarkably straight and wide, and up to S-chanf, fairly flat
  2. The Lower Engadine from Zernez to the Austrian border, where the Inn drops more quickly and its path is more tortuous

Upper Engadine

The Upper Engadine (Romansh: Engiadin' Ota, German: Oberengadin) begins at the Maloja mountain pass with a chain of lakes running north-east–south-west: Lej da Segl (Lake Sils), famous for windsurfing, Lej da Silvaplauna (Lake Silvaplana), and Lej da San Murezzan (Lake St. Moritz). At the south-west end of the valley, the Maloja Pass drops precipitously down to Chiavenna in Italy through the Val Bregaglia, and thence to Como. At the Lunghin Pass, above Maloja, lies the most notable triple watershed in western Europe, from where the Inn flows via the Danube to the Black Sea, the Maira via the Po to the Mediterranean Sea, and the Gelgia via the Rhine to the North Sea.

The resort of St. Moritz (1,800 m) sits on Lej da San Murezzan. It was the host city for the 1928 and 1948 Winter Olympics. There are numerous ski resorts in the area served by the ski areas of Piz Corvatsch and Piz Nair.

Val Roseg, south of Pontresina
View of the High Engadine valley from Muottas Muragl

Northeast of St. Moritz lies the village of Samedan, which is the capital of the Upper Engadine. Near Samedan, the river Flaz joins the Inn and the valley opens into a wide meadow framed with mountains. The Flaz is a major tributary which flows down the valley leading to the Bernina Pass (2,323 m). The highest mountain in the Engadine – and in the Eastern Alps – is Piz Bernina, which is 4,049 m and is located nearby.

Below Samedan are a number of villages lying on the banks of the Inn. Perhaps the best preserved is Zuoz (1,720 m), which is a village of typical Engadine houses, with large, thick stone and masonry walls, funnel-shaped windows, and wall paintings called sgraffito. These house are large and often are shared by two or more families, and they may have what used to be a stable or livestock area underneath. In a typical Engadine village, there are numerous fountains, free-flowing all year round, which were formerly used for drinking water, washing, and for watering livestock.

In the Upper Engadine there is a train from Samedan that connects via Albula Tunnel with the rest of Switzerland. In the summer, Albula Pass is also open for car travel. The Julier Pass, above St. Moritz connects the Engadine with the rest of Graubünden.

Immediately below Zuoz is the village of S-chanf, which is the end of the large flat meadow surrounding the Inn. Every year there is a famous cross-country ski race called the Engadin Skimarathon from Maloja, across the frozen lakes and over the open meadows and ending in S-chanf. 11'000 to 13'000 skiers participate every year.

Below S-chanf the landscape suddenly changes. The Inn, now rather wild, flows through a deep gorge with steep walls and meadows give way to larch woods. At Zernez, the Inn valley open up again for a short distance. In Zernez (1,470 m) the Fuorn Pass goes south, passing through the Swiss National Park.

Lower Engadine

Tarasp Castle, Lower Engadin

Just above Zernez, at the Punt Ota, the Lower Engadine (Romansh: Engiadina Bassa, German: Unterengadin) begins. Here the villages are no longer located in the valley floor, but higher up on sunny terraces formed in the glacial period.

To the north, another train route connects the Lower Engadine with Klosters via the recently built Vereina Tunnel. The capital of the Lower Engadine is the ski resort and spa Scuol (1,200 m).

Demographics

In the Upper Engadin, as a result of the influx of people related to tourism, the number of Romansch and Swiss-German speakers are about equal, and in the heavily touristed village of St. Moritz there are few Romansch speakers. In the Lower Engadin, Romansch is still the most widely spoken language, but almost all of the people also speak Swiss-German and Standard German as a second and third language. Most place signs in both the Upper and Lower Engadin show both languages, e.g. St. Moritz - San Murezzan, Sils - Segl, Celerina - Schlarigna.

Lakes

Lake Area Elevation
Lake Sils 4.1 km² 1797 m
Lake Silvaplana 2.7 km² 1791 m
Lake Champfèr
Lake St. Moritz 0.78 km² 1768 m

Traditions

Though no one knows how far back it dates, the traditional winter horse-drawn sleigh ride takes place every winter. Many of the sleighs used come from local families who have been living in the area over many generations. The fact that their carriages go as far back as they do, helps to identify the tradition as one that has possibly been around for centuries.

The Schlittéda (“sleigh ride”- the word Schlittenfahrt has an equivalent meaning) is composed of many sleighs, each carrying a young woman and a young man paired up by a lottery, and one sleigh carrying a musician or group of musicians to serenade the riders and the accompanying audience.

Typical black and red Engadine dress is used by the townspeople and the horses are decorated with plumage and trimmings in addition to the bells. Throughout the day-long ride, stops, that have been planned ahead of time, are made where eating, dancing, and drinking occur. At the end of the night, the young woman’s companion (who had been selected by lottery) is invited to her home for more celebratory dining.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Engadin.

Coordinates: 46°32′59″N 9°53′45″E / 46.5497°N 9.8959°E / 46.5497; 9.8959

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