Escargot

Escargots with special tongs and fork
Cooking escargots.

The escargot (plural escargots, IPA: [ɛs.kaʁ.ɡo], French for snail; Catalan: caragol; Portuguese and Spanish: caracol) is a cooked land snail. Escargots are usually served as a starter in Portugal, Spain and in France, and are a typical dish in the Catalan region of Spain. The word escargot is also sometimes applied to the living snails of those species which are commonly eaten in this way.[1]

May 24th has been designated "National Escargot Day" in the United States.[2][3]

Etymology

Escargot, meaning "edible snail", seems to date from 1892 and derives from the word escaragol (Provençal) and thence escargol (Old French), ultimately from Vulgar Latin coculium, from Classical Latin conchylium, meaning "edible shellfish, oyster". The Online Etymological Dictionary writes, "The form of the word in Provençal and French seems to have been influenced by words related to scarab."[4]

Snail species

Not all species of land snail are edible, and many are too small to make it worthwhile to prepare and cook them. Even among the edible species, the palatability of the flesh varies from species to species.

In France, the species Helix pomatia is most often eaten. The "petit-gris" Cornu aspersa is also eaten, as is Helix lucorum. Several additional species, such as Elona quimperiana, are popular in Europe; see heliciculture.

History

Snail shells have been found in archaeological excavations, indicating snails have been eaten since prehistoric times.[5][6] A number of archaeological sites around the Mediterranean have been excavated yielding physical evidence of culinary use of several species of snails.[7]

The Romans in particular are known to have considered escargot an elite food, as noted in the writings of Pliny. The edible species Otala lactea has been recovered from the Roman-era city Volubilis in present-day Morocco.[8] More recently, African land snails have been known to be edible.[9]

Preparation

Escargot cooked with garlic butter and parsley in a shell (with a €0.02 coin, about 19 mm across, as a scale object).
Escargot out of its shell.

In French culture, the snails are typically purged, killed, removed from their shells, and cooked (usually with garlic butter, chicken soup or wine), and then placed back into the shells with the butter and sauce for serving. Additional ingredients may be added, such as garlic, thyme, parsley and pine nuts. Special snail tongs (for holding the shell) and snail forks (for extracting the meat) are also normally provided, and they are served on indented metal trays with places for six or 12 snails.

In Maltese cuisine, snails (Maltese: bebbux) of the petit gris variety are simmered in red wine or ale with mint, basil and marjoram. The snails are cooked, and served in their shells.

Nutritional value

Like most molluscs, escargots are high in protein and low in fat content (if cooked without butter). Escargots are estimated to contain 15% protein, 2.4% fat and about 80% water.[10]

Heliciculture

Main article: Heliciculture

The snails are first prepared by purging them of the likely undesirable contents of their digestive systems. The process used to accomplish this varies, but generally involves a combination of fasting and purging or simply feeding them on a wholesome replacement. The methods most often used can take several days. Farms producing Helix aspersa for sale exist in Europe and in the United States. In the late 1980s, escargots represented a $300 million a year business in the United States.[11] In both regions, escargot are considered a delicacy.[1] Farm-raised snails are typically fed a diet of ground cereals.

See also

General:

References

  1. 1 2 Snail Facts and Information. "Snails as Food". Snail-World. Retrieved April 9, 2016.
  2. ↑ National Day Calendar (2016). "National Escargot Day – May 24". National Day Calendar. Retrieved April 9, 2016.
  3. ↑ Smith, Emily (May 24, 2012). "National Escargot Day". CNN / Eatocracy. Retrieved April 9, 2016.
  4. ↑ Harper, Douglas (2016). "Escargot". Online Etymological Dictionary. Retrieved April 9, 2016.
  5. ↑ Prehistoric edible land snails in the circum-Mediterranean: the archaeological evidence., D. Lubell. In J-J. Brugal & J. Desse (eds.), Petits Animaux et Sociétés Humaines. Du Complément Alimentaire Aux Ressources Utilitaires. XXIVe rencontres internationales d'archéologie et d'histoire d'Antibes, pp. 77-98. Antibes: Éditions APDCA.
  6. ↑ Are land snails a signature for the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition? In, M. Budja (ed.), Neolithic Studies 11. Documenta Praehistorica XXXI: 1-24. D. Lubell.
  7. ↑ A. Eastham, Alastair Small, Michael Ross MadceqrefvrevrecKinnon, Stephen G. Monckton, David S. Reese, Robert J. Buck (2002) The Excavations of San Giovanni Di Ruoti: The Faunal and Plant Remains, University of Toronto Press, 232 pages ISBN 0-8020-4865-X
  8. ↑ Hogan, C. Michael. Volubilis, The Megalithic Portal, ed. Andy Burnham (2007) megalithic.co.uk
  9. ↑ Hard as snails
  10. ↑ Snail (escargot) nutritional value
  11. ↑ Goodyear, Dana (August 15, 2011). "Grub". The New Yorker.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to escargot.
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Look up escargot in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
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