Estadio Nacional Julio Martínez Prádanos

Estadio Nacional Julio Martínez Prádanos
El Nacional, El Coloso de Ñuñoa
Former names Estadio Nacional
Location Av. Grecia 2001, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
Coordinates 33°27′52″S 70°36′38″W / 33.46444°S 70.61056°W / -33.46444; -70.61056
Owner Municipality of Ñuñoa
Operator Chiledeportes
Capacity 48,665[1] (55.000+ in concerts)
Record attendance 85,268 (Universidad de Chile-Universidad Católica, 29 December 1962)
Field size 105 m x 68 m
Surface Grass
Construction
Broke ground February 1937
Opened December 3, 1938
Renovated 2009-10
Expanded 1962
Reopened 12 September 2010
Construction cost $18,000,000
Architect Karl Brunner
Tenants
Chile national football team
Universidad de Chile

The Estadio Nacional Julio Martínez Prádanos is the national stadium of Chile, and is located in the Ñuñoa district of Santiago. It is the largest stadium in Chile with an official capacity of 48,665. It is part of a 62 hectare sporting complex which also features tennis courts, an aquatics center, a modern gymnasium, a velodrome, a BMX circuit, and an assistant ground/warmup athletics track.

Construction began in February 1937 and the stadium was inaugurated on December 3, 1938. The architecture was based on the Olympiastadion in Berlin, Germany. The stadium was one of the venues for the FIFA World Cup in 1962, and hosted the final where Brazil defeated Czechoslovakia 3-1. It was notoriously used as a prison camp and torture facility by the military regime following the 1973 Chilean coup d'état.

In 2009, a complete modernization plan was unveiled for the stadium and surrounding facilities. President Michelle Bachelet said it would become the most modern stadium in South America.[2]

History

The stadium was built on former farmland, donated in 1918 by farmer Jose Domingo Cañas. The first sporting event in the new stadium took place on 3 December 1938, with a friendly game between the Chilean club Colo-Colo and Brazilian club São Cristóvão. Colo-Colo won 6-3.

It has hosted all matches of the 1941, 1945 and 1955 South American Football Championships, and several matches of the 1991 and 2015 Copa América.

The stadium hosted the final stages of the 1959 World Basketball Championship. It was held outdoors because the intended venue, the Metropolitan Indoor Stadium, was not ready in time.

In the early 1960s, under the government of Jorge Alessandri, the stadium was expanded to host the 1962 FIFA World Cup. The main change was that the velodrome that surrounded the stadium was replaced by galleries, thereby increasing its original capacity to around 95,000.

The stadium hosted group stage games between Italy, West Germany, Switzerland and Chile, including a notoriously ill-tempered and violent clash between Italy and Chile which became known as the Battle of Santiago. Also held at the ground were a quarter-final, a semi-final, the third place play-off, and the final, in which Brazil was crowned world champions for the second time. In the third-place play-off, Chile defeated Yugoslavia 1-0, marking the team's greatest success in international football.

Today, the ground serves as the home field for both the national team and the first-division club Universidad de Chile. It also hosts non-sporting events, such as political celebrations, charity events and concerts.

The stadium has been used since 1995 as the final leg of the Telethon, a 28-hour telecast. The stadium holds up to 100,000 people for this annual event with the Jumbotron showing the required amount to reach the goal and its current total.

On July 5, 2008, the stadium was officially renamed Estadio Nacional Julio Martínez Prádanos, in honor of a recently deceased sports journalist.[3]

Use as a detention center

Estadio Nacional de Chile after the 1973 Chilean coup d'état.

After the coup d'état of September 11, 1973 that ousted President Salvador Allende, the stadium began to be used as a detention facility. An article in the Harvard Review of Latin America reported that "there were over eighty detention centers in Santiago alone" and gave details of the National Stadium and others.[4]

Over 40,000 people spent time in the compound during the junta regime. Twelve thousand detainees were interned between September 11 and November 7.[5] The field and gallery were used to hold men, while women were held in the swimming pool changing rooms and associated buildings. Locker rooms and corridors were all used as prison facilities while interrogations were carried out in the velodrome.[6] The Red Cross estimated that 7,000 prisoners occupied the stadium at one point, of whom about 300 were foreigners. According to the testimonies of survivors collected by the humanitarian group, detainees were tortured and threatened with death by shooting. Some were shot on the premises and then taken to unknown locations for execution.

FIFA President Sir Stanley Rous insisted the USSR team play a World Cup qualifier at the time. They however refused to do so and Chile qualified automatically for the 1974 World Cup, where they failed to advance from a group containing both West and East Germany and Australia.

The use of the stadium during the coup d'état is depicted in the 2002 documentary film Estadio Nacional, directed and produced by Carmen Luz Parot. The 1982 film Missing by Greek filmmaker Costa-Gavras depicts the September 11, 1973 coup d'état and execution of American journalists Charles Horman and Frank Teruggi at the Estadio Nacional de Chile.

2009–2010 renovation

Marcelo Salas farewell match, June 2, 2009

On June 15, 2009, President Michelle Bachelet announced several infrastructure improvements in order to modernize the stadium and its immediate facilities. Out of the total 24 billion pesos (US$42.3 million) contemplated in the plan, 20 billion pesos (US$35.3 million) are destined to bring the stadium up to modern standards. The changes include, a roof covering all the seats, which will also provide illumination; installation of seats around the entire stadium, lowering the current capacity to 47,000; a new state-of-the-art scoreboard; a 2.5 m deep 2 m wide pit will separate the track and the spectators to replace the fence; and several other changes. Because the stadium is a national monument the façade will remain the same, with the roof structure placed on top, without modifying the exterior. The stadium was closed on August 15, 2009. The stadium was scheduled to be reinaugurated in March 2010 to stage a double friendly match between Chile and North Korea and Panama, but the works were not finished on time. The construction of the roof has since been postponed by the government of President Sebastián Piñera due to financial constraints brought about by the February 27, 2010 earthquake. Although the stadium suffered minor damage from the earthquake, it partially opened to host the match between C.F. Universidad de Chile and C.D. Guadalajara for Copa Libertadores 2010. It was officially re-inaugurated on September 12, 2010, during Chile's bicentennial festivities.

2014 South American Games renovation

On September 12, 2010, during the Chilean bicentennial festivities, President Sebastián Piñera announced that the capacity of the stadium will be increased so as to reach 70,000 seats for the 2014 South American Games that will take place in Santiago.[7] The works are expected to begin in 2012.[8]

On June 3, 2011 further renovation plans were announced by the government. The complete area surrounding the stadium will be turned into a park to be called "Citizenry Park" (Parque de la Ciudadanía). Over 70% of the new 64 hectare park will consist of green areas, and the rest will include new infrastructure such as a lagoon or restaurants. The new park is expected to be ready for the 2014 games. New sporting venues will be built for the 2014 games, such as two modern gymnasiums, a new heated pool for synchronized swimming, a renovated velodrome and an expanded CAR, which will also serve as residence of the future Ministry of Sports. The only venues that will remain are the stadium, the main tennis court, the velodrome, the CAR, the athletics track, the skating track, the hockey field and the caracolas.[9]

Attendances

The highest attendance for a match at Estadio Nacional to date is 85,268, for a Primera Division match played on December 29, 1962; Universidad de Chile defeated Universidad Catolica 4-1.

Concerts

The stadium hosts many international, and two national (Los Prisioneros), concerts during the year. Rod Stewart was the first international artist to perform at the stadium. The concert brought more than 75,000 fans to the venue and was broadcast throughout the country. After that, the city started being included in many tours from international artists. Other major performances include :

The view of the stadium during Madonna´s concert in 2008.
Band/Artist Tour Year DateAttendance
Rod Stewart Out of Order Tour 1989 March 7 20,201
Cyndi Lauper A Night to Remember World Tour 1989 November 10 45,394
Bon Jovi New Jersey Syndicate Tour 1990 February 6 33,186
Silvio Rodríguez Retorno a la Democracia 1990 March 31 80,000
Eric Clapton Journeyman World Tour 1990 September 29 50,000
Guns N' Roses Use Your Illusion Tour 1992 December 2 85,535
Michael Jackson Dangerous World Tour 1993 October 23 78,500
Paul McCartney The New World Tour 1993 December 16 18,200
The Rolling Stones Voodoo Lounge Tour 1995 February 19 53,600
Elton John Made in England Tour 1995 November 7 40,000
Luis Miguel Tour America 1996 1996 November 30 69,200
Soda Stereo Gira Último Concierto 1997 September 13
U2 PopMart Tour 1998 February 11 41,000
Eric Clapton Reptile World Tour 2001 October 4 50,000
Los Prisioneros El Regreso 2001 November 30 & December 1 140,000
Roger Waters In the Flesh Tour 2002 March 2
Luis Miguel Mis Romances Tour 2002 November 16
Shakira Tour of the Mongoose 2003 March 8
Lenny Kravitz Electric Church Tour 2005 March 9
U2 Vertigo Tour 2006 February 26 77,345
Robbie Williams Close Encounters Tour 2006 October 10
Shakira Oral Fixation Tour 2006 November 22
Roger Waters The Dark Side of the Moon Live 2007 March 14
High School Musical High School Musical: The Concert 2007 May 18 16,570
Soda Stereo Me Verás Volver 2007 October 24 & 31
The Police The Police Reunion Tour 2007 December 5 48,725
Madonna Sticky & Sweet Tour 2008 December 10 & 11 146,242
Bon Jovi The Circle Tour 2010 October 1 46,983
Rush Time Machine Tour 2010 October 17 36,840
Shakira The Sun Comes Out World Tour 2011 March 11
U2 U2 360° Tour 2011 March 25 77,765
Iron Maiden The Final Frontier World Tour 2011 April 10 43,780
Miley Cyrus Gypsy Heart Tour 2011 May 4 42,805
Paul McCartney Up and Coming Tour 2011 May 11
Justin BieberMy World Tour 2011 October 15 71,457
Britney Spears Femme Fatale Tour 2011 November 22[10]
Roger Waters The Wall Live 2012 March 2 & 3
Lady Gaga The Born This Way Ball 2012 November 20[11] 42,416
Madonna The MDNA Tour 2012 December 19 47,625
The Cure The Great Circle Tour 2013 April 14
Iron Maiden Maiden England World Tour 2013 October 2 57,217
Justin Bieber Believe Tour 2013 November 12 47,969
One Direction Where We Are Tour 2014 April 30 & May 1 87,324
Rihanna Latin America Tour 2015 September 29
Pearl Jam Pearl Jam 2015 Latin America Tour 2015 November 4
David Gilmour Rattle That Lock Tour 2015 December 20
The Rolling Stones América Latina Olé Tour 2016 2016 February 03 60,000
Iron Maiden The Book of Souls World Tour 2016 March 11 55,000

Capacity

The stadium was built with an original capacity of 48,000 spectators in 1937. At the time, some considered it a "white elephant" because it was thought that it could never be filled. The term also alluded to the charges of corruption against the administration of Arturo Alessandri, which oversaw the stadium's costly construction.[14]

For the 1962 FIFA World Cup, seating capacity was increased to 74,000 with overflow areas allowing for a total of more than 80,000 people, by eliminating the cycling track that was moved to another location. Over the years, seating capacity was reduced to keep escape routes clear and prevent accidents.

For the 2000 World Junior Championships in Athletics, the installation of individual seats was required, which reduced capacity to 66,000 spectators. This requirement ensured that the stadium could not exceed capacity, as seen with the visit of Pope John Paul II in 1987 (believed to be attended by more than 90,000 people, though no accurate measurement could be taken as attendance was free, with no control), or the closing of the Telethon. The official capacity of the stadium as of 2014 is 48,665.[15]

References

  1. "Copa América 2015". conmebol.com.
  2. "Estadio Nacional costará US$ 42 millones y la "Roja" se va al Monumental". La Tercera (in Spanish). 2009-06-16. Retrieved 2009-06-16.
  3. "Publicada Ley que denomina Julio Martínez al Estadio Nacional de Santiago — Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile" (in Spanish). Bcn.cl. Retrieved 2011-06-03.
  4. "Harvard Review of Latin America: Chile's National Stadium, with details on several detention centers". Drclas.harvard.edu. Archived from the original on August 11, 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-03.
  5. ":: Chile Audio Visual ::". Consejodelacultura.cl. Retrieved 2011-06-03.
  6. Carmen Luz Parot, 2002, Estadio Nacional. Documental (National Stadium Documentary). Produced by Sello Alerce, Chile, 2002.
  7. "La Tercera Edición Impresa". Diario.latercera.com. Retrieved 2011-06-03.
  8. "La Tercera Edición Impresa". Diario.latercera.com. Retrieved 2011-06-03.
  9. "Parque del Estadio Nacional tendrá una laguna, restaurantes y cafés | Santiago | La Tercera Edición Impresa". Diario.latercera.com. 1990-01-01. Retrieved 2011-06-03.
  10. COPESA, Consorcio Periodistico de Chile S.A. "Playback, fervor y efectos visuales marcan debut de Britney Spears en Chile". latercera.com. Retrieved 31 July 2015.
  11. "FreezePage". freezepage.com. Retrieved 31 July 2015.
  12. "Iron Maiden En Chile, 60.000 aficionados disfrutaron del espectáculo". Retrieved 2012-04-22.
  13. "Iron Maiden To Release 'En Vivo!' Concert Blu-Ray, Two-DVD Set And Double Soundtrack Album". Retrieved 2012-01-17.
  14. Brenda Elsey, Citizens and Sportsmen: Futbol and Politics in Twentieth Century Chile (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2011)
  15. "Estadio Nacional de Chile". The Stadium Guide. Retrieved 31 July 2015.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Estadio Nacional de Chile.
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Coordinates: 33°27′52″S 70°36′38″W / 33.46444°S 70.61056°W / -33.46444; -70.61056

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