Ethanol (data page)

Ethanol (data page)

Names
Systematic IUPAC name Ethanol[1]
Other names Absolute alcohol, alcohol, cologne spirit, drinking alcohol, ethane monoxide, ethylic alcohol, EtOH, ethyl alcohol, ethyl hydrate, ethyl hydroxide, ethylol, grain alcohol, hydroxyethane, methylcarbinol
Identifiers
CAS Number	64-17-5
3DMet	B01253
Beilstein Reference	1718733
ChEBI	CHEBI:16236
ChEMBL	ChEMBL545
ChemSpider	682
DrugBank	DB00898
EC Number	200-578-6
Gmelin Reference	787
IUPHAR/BPS	2299
Jmol interactive 3D	Image
KEGG	D00068
MeSH	Ethanol
PubChem	702
RTECS number	KQ6300000
UNII	3K9958V90M
UN number	1170
InChI InChI=1S/C2H6O/c1-2-3/h3H,2H2,1H3 Key: LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N InChI=1/C2H6O/c1-2-3/h3H,2H2,1H3 Key: LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYAB
SMILES CCO
Properties
Chemical formula	C2H6O
Molar mass	46.07 g/mol
Appearance	Colorless liquid
Density	0.789 g/cm^3 (at 20°C)
Melting point	−114 °C (−173 °F; 159 K)
Boiling point	78.37 °C (173.07 °F; 351.52 K)
log P	−0.18
Vapor pressure	5.95 kPa (at 20 °C)
Acidity (pKa)	15.9 (H2O), 29.8 (DMSO)[2][3]
Basicity (pKb)	−1.9
Refractive index (nD)	1.361
Viscosity	0.0012 Pa s (at 20 °C), 0.001074 Pa s (at 25 °C)[4]
Dipole moment	1.69 D[5]
Pharmacology
ATC code	D08AX08 V03AB16, V03AZ01
Legal status	US: OTC
Pregnancy category	US: C (Risk not ruled out) [6]
Dependence liability	Moderate[7]
Addiction liability	Moderate[8]
Routes of administration	Common: oral Uncommon: suppository, inhalation, ocular, insufflation,[9] injection[10]
Pharmacokinetics:
Bioavailability	Variable[11]
Metabolism	Hepatic enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase
Metabolites	Acetaldehyde, acetic acid, acetyl-CoA, carbon dioxide, water
Biological half-life	None, constant rate elimination
Excretion	Urine, breath, perspiration, tears, milk, saliva, bile
Hazards[12]
GHS pictograms	[13]
GHS signal word	Flammable
EU classification (DSD)	F
R-phrases	R11
S-phrases	(S2), S7, S16
NFPA 704	3 2 0
Flash point	16 °C (61 °F; 289 K)
Autoignition temperature	365 °C (689 °F; 638 K)
Explosive limits	3.3%–19%[14]
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (Median dose)	7060 mg/kg (oral, rat)[15]
US health exposure limits (NIOSH):
PEL (Permissible)	TWA 1000 ppm (1900 mg/m^3)[14]
REL (Recommended)	TWA 1000 ppm (1900 mg/m^3)[14]
IDLH (Immediate danger	3300 ppm[14]
Related compounds
Related compounds	Ethane Methanol
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

This page provides supplementary chemical data on ethanol. Except where noted otherwise, data relate to standard ambient temperature and pressure.

Material Safety Data Sheet

External MSDS

Structure and properties

Structure and properties
Index of refraction, n25	1.361
Dielectric constant, εr	24.3 ε0 at 20 °C
Bond strength	?
Bond length	?
Bond angle	?
Magnetic susceptibility[16]	5.8·10^−7 (cgs units, volume)
Surface tension	22.39 dyn/cm at 25 °C
Viscosity[17]	6.285 mPa·s at −50 °C 4.656 mPa·s at −40 °C 3.530 mPa·s at −30 °C 2.731 mPa·s at −20 °C 2.419 mPa·s at −15 °C 2.151 mPa·s at −10 °C 1.920 mPa·s at −5 °C 1.720 mPa·s at 0 °C 1.546 mPa·s at 5 °C 1.394 mPa·s at 10 °C 1.261 mPa·s at 15 °C 1.144 mPa·s at 20 °C 1.040 mPa·s at 25 °C 0.948 mPa·s at 30 °C 0.794 mPa·s at 40 °C 0.670 mPa·s at 50 °C 0.570 mPa·s at 60 °C 0.487 mPa·s at 70 °C 0.452 mPa·s at 75 °C

Thermodynamic properties

Phase behavior
Triple point	150 K (−123 °C), 0.00043 Pa
Critical point	514 K (241 °C), 63 bar
Std enthalpy change of fusion, ΔfusH^o	+4.9 kJ/mol
Std entropy change of fusion, ΔfusS^o	+31 J/(mol·K)
Std enthalpy change of vaporization, ΔvapH^o	+38.56 kJ/mol
Std entropy change of vaporization, ΔvapS^o	109.67 J/(mol·K)
Molal freezing point constant	−1.99 °C kg/mol
Solid properties
Std enthalpy change of formation, ΔfH^osolid	−277.7 kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy, S^osolid	160.7 J/(mol K)[18]
Heat capacity, cp	111.46 J/(mol K) [18]
Liquid properties
Std enthalpy change of formation, ΔfH^oliquid	−277.38 kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy, S^oliquid	159.9 J/(mol K)
Enthalpy of combustion, ΔcH^o	−1370.7 kJ/mol
Heat capacity, cp	112.4 J/(mol K)
Gas properties
Std enthalpy change of formation, ΔfH^ogas	−235.3 kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy, S^ogas	283 J/(mol K)
Heat capacity,[19][20] cp	78.28 J/(mol K) at 90 °C 87.53 J/(mol K) at 110-220 °C
Heat capacity ratio,[19][20] γ = cp/cv	1.13 at 90 °C
van der Waals' constants[21]	a = 1217.9 L^2 kPa/mol^2 b = 0.08407 L/mol

Spectral data

UV-Vis
λmax	? nm
Extinction coefficient, ε	?
IR
Major absorption bands[22]	(liquid film) Wave number transmittance 880 cm^−1 22% 1048 cm^−1 6% 1089 cm^−1 19% 1275 cm^−1 52% 1329 cm^−1 44% 1384 cm^−1 32% 1418 cm^−1 33% 1650 cm^−1 26% 1926 cm^−1 62% 2899 cm^−1 12% 2930 cm^−1 13% 2977 cm^−1 4%
NMR
Proton NMR
Carbon-13 NMR	http://riodb01.ibase.aist.go.jp/sdbs/cgi-bin/IMG.cgi?fname=CDS00245&imgdir=cdsW;
Other NMR data
MS
Masses of main fragments

Vapor pressure of liquid

P in mmHg 1 10 40 100 400 760 1520 3800 7600 15200 30400 45600 P in Pa 133.3 1333 5333 13332 53329 101325 202650 506625 1013250 2026500 4053000 6079501 T in °C −31.3 −2.3 19.0 34.9 63.5 78.4 97.5 126.0 151.8 183.0 218.0 242.0 T in K 241.85 270.85 292.15 308.05 336.65 351.55 370.65 399.15 424.95 456.15 491.15 515.15

Ethanol vapor pressure vs. temperature. Uses formula: $\scriptstyle P_\text{mmHg} = 10^{8.04494 - \frac {1554.3} {222.65+T}}$ from Lange's Handbook of Chemistry 10th ed. Log10 of ethanol vapor pressure vs. temperature. Uses formula: $\scriptstyle \log_{10} {P_\text{mmHg}} = 8.04494 - \frac {1554.3} {222.65+T}$

Density of ethanol at various temperatures (kg/l or g/cm³)

Data obtained from Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed.

T	ρ	T	ρ	T	ρ
3 °C	0.80374	16 °C	0.79283	29 °C	0.78182
4 °C	0.80290	17 °C	0.79198	30 °C	0.78097
5 °C	0.80207	18 °C	0.79114	31 °C	0.78012
6 °C	0.80123	19 °C	0.79029	32 °C	0.77927
7 °C	0.80039	20 °C	0.78945	33 °C	0.77841
8 °C	0.79956	21 °C	0.78860	34 °C	0.77756
9 °C	0.79872	22 °C	0.78775	35 °C	0.77671
10 °C	0.79788	23 °C	0.78691	36 °C	0.77585
11 °C	0.79704	24 °C	0.78606	37 °C	0.77500
12 °C	0.79620	25 °C	0.78522	38 °C	0.77414
		39 °C	0.77329	40 °C	0.77244

These data correlate as Density (g/cm³) = -8.461834E-4 T( °C) + 0.8063372 with an R² coefficient of determination of 0.99999.

Properties of aqueous ethanol solutions

Data obtained from Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. The annotation, d a °C/b °C, indicates density of solution at temperature a divided by density of pure water at temperature b.

% wt ethanol	% vol ethanol	grams ethanol per 100 cc 15.56 °C	d 10 °C/4 °C	d 20 °C/4 °C	d 25 °C/4 °C	d 30 °C/4 °C	d 20 °C/20 °C	d 25 °C/25 °C	freezing temp.
0.0	0.0	0.0	0.99973	0.99823	0.99708	0.99568	1.00000	1.00000	0 °C
1.0			0.99785	0.99636	0.99520	0.99379	0.99813	0.99811
2.0			0.99602	0.99453	0.99336	0.99194	0.99629	0.99627
2.5	3.13			0.99363					–1 °C
3.0			0.99426	0.99275	0.99157	0.99014	0.99451	0.99447
4.0	5.00	3.97	0.99258	0.99103	0.98984	0.98839	0.99279	0.99274
4.8	6.00	4.76		0.98971					–2 °C
5.0			0.99098	0.98938	0.98817	0.98670	0.99113	0.99106
5.05	6.30	5.00		0.98930
6.0			0.98946	0.98780	0.98656	0.98507	0.98955	0.98945
6.8	8.47			0.98658					–3 °C
7.0			0.98801	0.98627	0.98500	0.98347	0.98802	0.98788
8.0			0.98660	0.98478	0.98346	0.98189	0.98653	0.98634
9.0			0.98524	0.98331	0.98193	0.98031	0.98505	0.98481
10.0	12.40	9.84	0.98393	0.98187	0.98043	0.97575	0.98361	0.98330
11.0			0.98267	0.98047	0.97897	0.97723	0.98221	0.98184
11.3	14.0	11.11		0.98006					–5 °C
12.0			0.98145	0.97910	0.97753	0.97573	0.98084	0.98039
13.0			0.98026	0.97775	0.97611	0.97424	0.97948	0.97897
13.78	17.00	13.49							–6.1 °C
14.0			0.97911	0.97643	0.97472	0.97278	0.97816	0.97757
15.0			0.97800	0.97514	0.97334	0.97133	0.97687	0.97619
15.02	18.50	14.68		0.97511
16.0			0.97692	0.97387	0.97199	0.96990	0.97560	0.97484
16.4	20.2			0.97336					–7.5 °C
17.0			0.97583	0.97259	0.97062	0.96844	0.97431	0.97346
17.5	21.5			0.97194					–8.7 °C
18.0	22.10	17.54	0.97473	0.97129	0.96923	0.96697	0.97301	0.97207
18.8	23.1			0.97024					–9.4 °C
19.0			0.97363	0.96997	0.96782	0.96547	0.97169	0.97065
20.0			0.97252	0.96864	0.96639	0.96395	0.97036	0.96922
20.01	24.50	19.44		0.96863
20.3	24.8			0.96823					–10.6 °C
21.0			0.97139	0.96729	0.96495	0.96242	0.96901	0.96778
22.0			0.97024	0.96592	0.96348	0.96087	0.96763	0.96630
22.11	27.00	21.43		0.96578					–12.2 °C
23.0			0.96907	0.96453	0.96199	0.95929	0.96624	0.96481
24.0			0.96787	0.96312	0.96048	0.95769	0.96483	0.96329
24.2	29.5			0.96283					–14.0 °C
25.0	30.40	24.12	0.96665	0.96168	0.95895	0.95607	0.96339	0.96176
26.0			0.96539	0.96020	0.95738	0.95422	0.96190	0.96018
26.7	32.4			0.95914					–16.0 °C
27.0			0.96406	0.95867	0.95576	0.95272	0.96037	0.95856
28.0	33.90	26.90	0.96268	0.95710	0.95410	0.95098	0.95880	0.95689
29.0			0.96125	0.95548	0.95241	0.94922	0.95717	0.95520
29.9	36.1			0.95400					–18.9 °C
30.0	36.20	28.73	0.95977	0.95382	0.95067	0.94741	0.95551	0.95345
31.0			0.95823	0.95212	0.94890	0.94557	0.95381	0.95168
32.0			0.95665	0.95038	0.94709	0.94370	0.95207	0.94986
33.0			0.95502	0.94860	0.94525	0.94180	0.95028	0.94802
33.8	40.5			0.94715					–23.6 °C
34.0			0.95334	0.94679	0.94337	0.93986	0.94847	0.94613
35.0			0.95162	0.94494	0.94146	0.93790	0.94662	0.94422
35.04	41.90	33.25		0.94486
36.0			0.94986	0.94306	0.93952	0.93591	0.94473	0.94227
37.0			0.94805	0.94114	0.93756	0.93390	0.94281	0.94031
38.0			0.94620	0.93919	0.93556	0.93186	0.94086	0.93830
39.0	46.3		0.94431	0.93720	0.93353	0.92979	0.93886	0.93626	–28.7 °C
40.0			0.94238	0.93518	0.93148	0.92770	0.93684	0.93421
40.04	47.40	37.61		0.93510
41.0			0.94042	0.93314	0.92940	0.92558	0.93479	0.93212
42.0			0.93842	0.93107	0.92729	0.92344	0.93272	0.93001
43.0			0.93639	0.92897	0.92516	0.92128	0.93062	0.92787
44.0			0.93433	0.92685	0.92301	0.91910	0.92849	0.92571
45.0			0.93226	0.92472	0.92085	0.91692	0.92636	0.92355
45.31	53.00	42.07		0.92406
46.0			0.93017	0.92257	0.91868	0.91472	0.92421	0.92137
46.3	53.8			0.92193					–33.9 °C
47.0			0.92806	0.92041	0.91649	0.91250	0.92204	0.91917
48.0			0.92593	0.91823	0.91429	0.91028	0.91986	0.91697
49.0			0.92379	0.91604	0.91208	0.90805	0.91766	0.91475
50.0			0.92162	0.91384	0.90985	0.90580	0.91546	0.91251
50.16	58.0	46.04		0.91349
51.0			0.91943	0.91160	0.90760	0.90353	0.91322	0.91026
52.0			0.91723	0.90936	0.90524	0.90125	0.91097	0.90799
53.0			0.91502	0.90711	0.90307	0.89896	0.90872	0.90571
54.0			0.91279	0.90485	0.90079	0.89667	0.90645	0.90343
55.0			0.91055	0.90258	0.89850	0.89437	0.90418	0.90113
55.16	63.0	50.00		0.90220
56.0			0.90831	0.90031	0.89621	0.89206	0.90191	0.89833
56.1	63.6			0.90008					–41.0 °C
57.0			0.90607	0.89803	0.89392	0.88975	0.89962	0.89654
58.0			0.90381	0.89574	0.89162	0.88744	0.89733	0.89423
59.0			0.90154	0.89344	0.88931	0.88512	0.89502	0.89191
60.0			0.89927	0.89113	0.88699	0.88278	0.89271	0.88959
60.33	68.0	53.98		0.89038
61.0			0.89898	0.88882	0.88466	0.88044	0.89040	0.88725
62.0			0.89468	0.88650	0.88233	0.87809	0.88807	0.88491
63.0			0.89237	0.88417	0.87998	0.87574	0.88574	0.88256
64.0			0.89006	0.88183	0.87763	0.87337	0.88339	0.88020
65.0			0.88774	0.87948	0.87527	0.87100	0.88104	0.87783
66.0			0.88541	0.87713	0.87291	0.86863	0.87869	0.87547
67.0			0.88308	0.87477	0.87054	0.86625	0.87632	0.87309
68.0			0.88071	0.87241	0.86817	0.86387	0.87396	0.87071
69.0			0.87839	0.87004	0.86579	0.86148	0.87158	0.86833
70.0			0.87602	0.86766	0.86340	0.85908	0.86920	0.86593
71.0			0.87365	0.86527	0.86100	0.85667	0.86680	0.86352
71.9	78.3			0.86311					–51.3 °C
72.0			0.87127	0.86287	0.85859	0.85426	0.86440	0.86110
73.0			0.86888	0.86047	0.85618	0.85184	0.86200	0.85869
74.0			0.86648	0.85806	0.85376	0.84941	0.85958	0.85626
75.0			0.86408	0.85564	0.85135	0.84698	0.85716	0.85383
76.0			0.86168	0.85322	0.84891	0.84455	0.85473	0.85140
77.0			0.85927	0.85079	0.84647	0.84211	0.85230	0.84895
78.0			0.85685	0.84835	0.84403	0.83966	0.84985	0.84650
79.0			0.85422	0.84590	0.84158	0.83720	0.84740	0.84404
80.0			0.85197	0.84344	0.83911	0.83473	0.84494	0.84157
81.0			0.84950	0.84096	0.83664	0.83224	0.84245	0.83909
82.0			0.84702	0.83848	0.83415	0.82974	0.83997	0.83659
83.0			0.84453	0.83599	0.83164	0.82724	0.83747	0.83408
84.0			0.84203	0.83348	0.82913	0.82473	0.83496	0.83156
85.0			0.83951	0.83095	0.82660	0.82220	0.83242	0.82902
86.0			0.83697	0.82840	0.82405	0.81965	0.82987	0.82646
87.0			0.83441	0.82554	0.82148	0.81708	0.82729	0.82389
88.0			0.83181	0.82323	0.81888	0.81448	0.82469	0.82128
89.0			0.82919	0.82062	0.81626	0.81186	0.82207	0.81865
90.0			0.82654	0.81797	0.81362	0.80922	0.81942	0.81600
91.00	94.00	74.62	0.82386	0.81529	0.81094	0.80655	0.81674	0.81331
92.0			0.82114	0.81257	0.80823	0.80384	0.81401	0.81060
93.0			0.81839	0.80983	0.80549	0.80111	0.81127	0.80785
94.0			0.81561	0.80705	0.80272	0.79835	0.80848	0.80507
95.0			0.81278	0.80424	0.79991	0.79555	0.80567	0.80225
96.0			0.80991	0.80138	0.79706	0.79271	0.80280	0.79939
97.0			0.80698	0.79846	0.79415	0.78981	0.79988	0.79648
98.0			0.80399	0.79547	0.79117	0.78684	0.79688	0.79349
99.0			0.80094	0.79243	0.78814	0.78382	0.79383	0.79045
100.0	100.0	79.39	0.79784	0.78934	0.78506	0.78075	0.79074	0.78736	−114.3 °C
% wt ethanol	% vol ethanol	grams ethanol per 100 cc 15.56 °C	d 10 °C/4 °C	d 20 °C/4 °C	d 25 °C/4 °C	d 30 °C/4 °C	d 20 °C/20 °C	d 25 °C/25 °C	freezing temp.

Boiling points of aqueous solutions

Data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry 44th ed., p2391

BP °C	Weight % ethanol			BP °C	Weight % ethanol
	liquid	vapor			liquid	vapor
78.1	95.5^‡	95.5^‡
78.2	91	92		86.5	18	71
78.4	85	89		87.0	17	70
78.6	82	88		87.5	16	69
78.8	80	87		88.0	15	68
79.0	78	86		88.5	13	67
79.2	76	85		89.0	12	65
79.4	74	85		89.5	11	63
79.6	72	84		90.0	10	61
79.8	69	84		90.5	10	59
80.0	67	83		91.0	9	57
80.2	64	83		91.5	8	55
80.4	62	82		92.0	8	53
80.6	59	82		92.5	7	51
80.8	56	81		93.0	6	49
81.0	53	81		93.5	6	46
81.2	50	80		94.0	5	44
81.4	47	80		94.5	5	42
81.6	45	80		95.0	4	39
81.8	43	79		95.5	4	36
82.0	41	79		96.0	3	33
82.5	36	78		96.5	3	30
83.0	33	78		97.0	2	27
83.5	30	77		97.5	2	23
84.0	27	77		98.0	1	19
84.5	25	75		98.5	1	15
85.0	23	74		99.0	< 1	10
85.5	21	73		99.5	< 1	5
86.0	20	72		100.0	0	0

^‡Azeotropic mixture

Charts

Thermophysical properties of mixtures of ethanol with water and dodecane

Excess volume of the mixture of ethanol and water (volume contraction)	Heat of mixing of the mixture of ethanol and water	Vapor-liquid equilibrium of the mixture of ethanol and water (including azeotrope)
Solid-liquid equilibrium of the mixture of ethanol and water (including eutecticum)	Miscibility gap in the mixture of dodecane and ethanol

References

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• Linstrom, P.J.; Mallard, W.G. (eds.) NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg MD. http://webbook.nist.gov