Cosmopolis XXI
Cosmopolis XXI was a late 2000s Russian concept launch vehicle billed as a space tourism vehicle, similar to Mojave Aerospace's Tier One program. Designed and built by the Myasishchev Design Bureau, it would use the M-55X launch aircraft (derived from Myasishchev M-55), and the proposed C-21 spaceplane or its successor the Explorer. It would be a TSTSO (Two-Stage to SubOrbit) launch platform.
The Explorer spaceplane is a suborbital tourist spaceplane based on the C-21 design. The plane is being developed by Space Adventures with the Russian Federal Space Agency and is designed to carry 3 passengers. It is to be air-launched by carrier aircraft from a Space Adventures spaceport. The spaceport for the Explorer is being developed with Prodea (the company of Anousheh and Amir Ansari, who funded the Ansari X-Prize) in the United Arab Emirates, the Ras Al Khaimah spaceport.
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| Germany | Canceled |
- Silbervogel
- Sänger-Bredt RaBo
- MBB Raumtransporter-8
- MBB Sänger II
- MBB Deutsche Aerospace HORUS
- Falke
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- Daimler-Chrysler Aerospace RLV
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