Fukutin

Fukutin
Identifiers
Symbols	FKTN ; CMD1X; FCMD; LGMD2M; MDDGA4; MDDGB4; MDDGC4
External IDs	OMIM: 607440 MGI: 2179507 HomoloGene: 31402 GeneCards: FKTN Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • transferase activity Cellular component • Golgi membrane • extracellular space • nucleus • endoplasmic reticulum • Golgi apparatus • cis-Golgi network • integral component of membrane Biological process • nervous system development • muscle organ development • negative regulation of cell proliferation • protein O-linked mannosylation • negative regulation of JNK cascade • regulation of protein glycosylation Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	2218	246179
Ensembl	ENSG00000106692	ENSMUSG00000028414
UniProt	O75072	Q8R507
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001079802	NM_139309
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001073270	NP_647470
Location (UCSC)	Chr 9: 105.56 – 105.64 Mb	Chr 4: 53.71 – 53.77 Mb
PubMed search

Fukutin-related
Identifiers
Symbol	Fukutin-related
Pfam	PF04991
InterPro	IPR009644
Available protein structures: Pfam structures PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj PDBsum structure summary

Fukutin is a eukaryotic protein necessary for the maintenance of muscle integrity, cortical histogenesis, and normal ocular development. Mutations in the fukutin gene have been shown to result in Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD) characterised by brain malformation - one of the most common autosomal-recessive disorders in Japan.^[1] In humans this protein is encoded by the FCMD gene (also named FKTN), located on chromosome 9q31.^[2][3][4] Human fukutin exhibits a length of 461 amino acids and a predicted molecular mass of 53.7 kDa.

Function

Although its function is mostly unknown, fukutin is a putative transmembrane protein that is ubiquitously expressed, although at higher levels in skeletal muscle, heart and brain.^[5] It is localized to the cis-Golgi compartment, where it may be involved in the glycosylation of α-dystroglycan in skeletal muscle. The encoded protein is thought to be a glycosyltransferase and could play a role in brain development.^[3]

Clinical significance

Defects in this gene are a cause of Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD), Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS), limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2M (LGMD2M), and dilated cardiomyopathy type 1X (CMD1X).^[3][6]

See also

• Fukutin-related protein

References

1. Kobayashi K, Shimizu T, Arai K, Nakamura Y, Fukui T, Toda T, Matsumura K, Imamura M, Takeda S, Kondo M, Sasaki J, Kurahashi H, Kano H, Misaki K, Tachikawa M, Murakami T, Sunada Y, Fujikado T, Terashima T (2003). "Fukutin is required for maintenance of muscle integrity, cortical histiogenesis and normal eye development". Hum. Mol. Genet. 12 (12): 1449–1459. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddg153. PMID 12783852.
2. Toda T, Segawa M, Nomura Y, Nonaka I, Masuda K, Ishihara T, Sakai M, Tomita I, Origuchi Y, Suzuki M [corrected to Sakai M (November 1993). "Localization of a gene for Fukuyama type congenital muscular dystrophy to chromosome 9q31-33". Nat. Genet. 5 (3): 283–6. doi:10.1038/ng1193-283. PMID 8275093.
3. "Entrez Gene: fukutin".
4. Online 'Mendelian Inheritance in Man' (OMIM) 607440
5. Hayashi YK, Ogawa M, Tagawa K, Noguchi S, Ishihara T, Nonaka I, Arahata K (July 2001). "Selective deficiency of alpha-dystroglycan in Fukuyama-type congenital muscular dystrophy". Neurology 57 (1): 115–21. doi:10.1212/wnl.57.1.115. PMID 11445638.
6. Murakami T, Hayashi YK, Noguchi S; et al. (November 2006). "Fukutin gene mutations cause dilated cardiomyopathy with minimal muscle weakness". Ann. Neurol. 60 (5): 597–602. doi:10.1002/ana.20973. PMID 17036286.

Further reading

• Matsumoto H, Noguchi S, Sugie K; et al. (2004). "Subcellular localization of fukutin and fukutin-related protein in muscle cells.". J. Biochem. 135 (6): 709–12. doi:10.1093/jb/mvh086. PMID 15213246.
• Puckett RL, Moore SA, Winder TL; et al. (2009). "Further evidence of Fukutin mutations as a cause of childhood onset limb-girdle muscular dystrophy without mental retardation.". Neuromuscul. Disord. 19 (5): 352–6. doi:10.1016/j.nmd.2009.03.001. PMC 2698593. PMID 19342235.
• Chung W, Winder TL, LeDuc CA; et al. (2009). "Founder Fukutin mutation causes Walker-Warburg syndrome in four Ashkenazi Jewish families.". Prenat. Diagn. 29 (6): 560–9. doi:10.1002/pd.2238. PMC 2735827. PMID 19266496.
• Percival JM, Froehner SC (2007). "Golgi complex organization in skeletal muscle: a role for Golgi-mediated glycosylation in muscular dystrophies?". Traffic 8 (3): 184–94. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0854.2006.00523.x. PMID 17319799.
• Toda T (1999). "[Fukutin, a novel protein product responsible for Fukuyama-type congenital muscular dystrophy]". Seikagaku 71 (1): 55–61. PMID 10067123.
• Toda T, Kobayashi K, Kondo-Iida E; et al. (2000). "The Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy story.". Neuromuscul. Disord. 10 (3): 153–9. doi:10.1016/S0960-8966(99)00109-1. PMID 10734260.
• Kimura K, Wakamatsu A, Suzuki Y; et al. (2006). "Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes.". Genome Res. 16 (1): 55–65. doi:10.1101/gr.4039406. PMC 1356129. PMID 16344560.
• Cotarelo RP, Valero MC, Prados B; et al. (2008). "Two new patients bearing mutations in the fukutin gene confirm the relevance of this gene in Walker-Warburg syndrome.". Clin. Genet. 73 (2): 139–45. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0004.2007.00936.x. PMID 18177472.
• Vuillaumier-Barrot S, Quijano-Roy S, Bouchet-Seraphin C; et al. (2009). "Four Caucasian patients with mutations in the fukutin gene and variable clinical phenotype.". Neuromuscul. Disord. 19 (3): 182–8. doi:10.1016/j.nmd.2008.12.005. PMID 19179078.
• Yamamoto T, Kawaguchi M, Sakayori N; et al. (2006). "Intracellular binding of fukutin and alpha-dystroglycan: relation to glycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan.". Neurosci. Res. 56 (4): 391–9. doi:10.1016/j.neures.2006.08.009. PMID 17005282.
• Yoshioka M (2009). "Phenotypic spectrum of Fukutinopathy: most severe phenotype of Fukutinopathy.". Brain Dev. 31 (6): 419–22. doi:10.1016/j.braindev.2008.07.012. PMID 18834683.
• Manzini MC, Gleason D, Chang BS; et al. (2008). "Ethnically diverse causes of Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS): FCMD mutations are a more common cause of WWS outside of the Middle East.". Hum. Mutat. 29 (11): E231–41. doi:10.1002/humu.20844. PMC 2577713. PMID 18752264.
• Perry JR, Stolk L, Franceschini N; et al. (2009). "Meta-analysis of genome-wide association data identifies two loci influencing age at menarche.". Nat. Genet. 41 (6): HASH(0x118f3f0). doi:10.1038/ng.386. PMC 2942986. PMID 19448620.
• Godfrey C, Escolar D, Brockington M; et al. (2006). "Fukutin gene mutations in steroid-responsive limb girdle muscular dystrophy.". Ann. Neurol. 60 (5): 603–10. doi:10.1002/ana.21006. PMID 17044012.
• Godfrey C, Clement E, Mein R; et al. (2007). "Refining genotype phenotype correlations in muscular dystrophies with defective glycosylation of dystroglycan.". Brain 130 (Pt 10): 2725–35. doi:10.1093/brain/awm212. PMID 17878207.
• Saredi S, Ruggieri A, Mottarelli E; et al. (2009). "Fukutin gene mutations in an Italian patient with early onset muscular dystrophy but no central nervous system involvement.". Muscle Nerve 39 (6): 845–8. doi:10.1002/mus.21271. PMID 19396839.
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA; et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
• Mercuri E, Messina S, Bruno C; et al. (2009). "Congenital muscular dystrophies with defective glycosylation of dystroglycan: a population study.". Neurology 72 (21): 1802–9. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000346518.68110.60. PMID 19299310.
• Arimura T, Hayashi YK, Murakami T; et al. (2009). "Mutational analysis of fukutin gene in dilated cardiomyopathy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.". Circ. J. 73 (1): 158–61. doi:10.1253/circj.CJ-08-0722. PMID 19015585.

External links

• GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Congenital Muscular Dystrophy Overview
• LOVD mutation database: FKTN

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.