Farnesyl pyrophosphate

Farnesyl pyrophosphate
Names


IUPAC name (2E,6E)-3,7,11-Trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-triene-1-pyrophosphate
Identifiers
CAS Number	13058-04-3^Y
ChemSpider	393270^N
MeSH	farnesyl+pyrophosphate
PubChem	706
Properties
Chemical formula	C₁₅H₂₈O₇P₂
Molar mass	382.326
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is ^YN ?)
Infobox references

Farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP), also known as farnesyl diphosphate (FDP), is an intermediate in both the mevalonate and non-mevalonate pathways used by organisms in the biosynthesis of terpenes, terpenoids, and sterols.

It is used in the synthesis of CoQ (part of the electron transport chain), as well as being the immediate precursor of squalene (via the enzyme squalene synthase), dehydrodolichol diphosphate (a precursor of dolichol, which transports proteins to the ER lumen for N-glycosylation), and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP).

Biosynthesis

Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (a prenyl transferase) ^[1] catalyzes sequential condensation reactions of dimethylallyl pyrophosphate with 2 units of 3-isopentenyl pyrophosphate to form farnesyl pyrophosphate, as is shown in the following two steps:

Dimethylallyl pyrophosphate reacts with 3-isopentenyl pyrophosphate to form geranyl pyrophosphate:

Geranyl pyrophosphate then reacts with another molecule of 3-isopentenyl pyrophosphate to form farnesyl pyrophosphate

Pharmacology

The above reactions are inhibited by bisphosphonates (used for osteoporosis) .

Statin-induced rhabdomyolysis is due to the depletion of farnesyl-PPi, which leads to a depletion of CoQ in the electron transport chain of mitochondria, an organelle that is found in great numbers in myocytes.

Related compounds

Cholesterol and steroid metabolic intermediates

Mevalonate pathway

to HMG-CoA	Acetyl-CoA Acetoacetyl-CoA HMG-CoA

Ketone bodies	Acetone Acetoacetic acid β-Hydroxybutyric acid

to DMAPP	Mevalonic acid Phosphomevalonic acid 5-Diphosphomevalonic acid Isopentenyl pyrophosphate Dimethylallyl pyrophosphate

Geranyl-	Geranyl pyrophosphate Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate

Carotenoid	Prephytoene diphosphate Phytoene

Non-mevalonate pathway

To Cholesterol

From Cholesterol
(to steroids)

Steroid hormones

See here instead.

Nonhuman

Phytosterols	Stigmasterol Brassicasterol

Ergosterols	Ergosterol Ergocalciferol

↑ Kulkarni RS, Pandit SS, Chidley HG, Nagel R, Schmidt A, Gershenzon J, Pujari KH, Giri AP and Gupta VS, 2013, Characterization of three novel isoprenyl diphosphate synthases from the terpenoid rich mango fruit. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 71, 121–131.

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