Fatehabad district

Shahidanwali

(Basant Ruhil )

This article is about the district. For its eponymous headquarters, see Fatehabad, Haryana.
Fatehabad district
फ़तेहाबाद ज़िला
ਫਤਿਹਾਬਾਦ ਜਿਲ੍ਹਾ
پھتےهاباد ضلع
district
Fatehabad district

Location in Haryana, India

Coordinates: 29°19′N 75°16′E / 29.31°N 75.27°E / 29.31; 75.27Coordinates: 29°19′N 75°16′E / 29.31°N 75.27°E / 29.31; 75.27
Country  India
State Haryana
Elevation 162 m (531 ft)
Population (2001)
 • Total 806,158
Languages
 • Official Hindi
Time zone IST (UTC+5:30)
PIN 125 050
Telephone code 91 1667
Vehicle registration HR22
Website http://fatehabad.nic.in/

Fatehabad District (Urdu: ضِلع فتح آباد‎,Punjabi: ਜਿਲ੍ਹਾ ਫਤਿਹਾਬਾਦ), is one of the twenty one districts of Haryana state, India.

Etymology

The district derives its name from the eponymous headquarters town founded by Firoz Shah Tughlak in the 14th century. He named it after his son Fateh Khan, as Fatehabad. The Fatehabad district was carved out of Hisar district on 15 July 1997.

History

Aryan speaking people first settled on the banks of the Sarasvati and Drsadvati Rivers rivers then expanded to cover a wider area of Hisar and Fatehabad. The area was probably included in the kingdom of the Pandavas and their successors. Pāṇini mentions a number of towns in the region including Aisukari, Taushayana and Rori, which have been identified with Hisar, Tohana and Rohri respectively. According to the Puranas, the areas of Fatehabad district remained a part of he Nanda Empire. The discovery of Ashokan pillars at Hisar and Fatehabad shows that this area remained a part of Mauryan empire. The people of Agroha area assisted Chandra Gupta Maurya in the war against the Greeks.

After the fall of the Mauryas and Shungas, the Agras along with the Yaudheys — the republican tribes of the region — asserted their independence. The Agras settled in the region covering Barwala and Agroha, the capital headquarters, from where they issued coins. As attested by the discovery of coin-moulds and terracottas, the region was a part of the Kushan empire. According to A.S. Altekar, the Yaudheys made a second bid for independence towards the end of the 2nd century AD when they succeeded in freeing their homeland and ousted the Kushans.

This finds support from seals discovered at the Agroha Mound. The early 11th century saw the Ghaznavid make inroads in this area. Sultan Masud led expeditions towards Agroha. The Chauhans seem to have taken special measures for protecting the area against Muslim incursions. The area of Agroha passed under Muslim rule after the defeat of Prithvi Raj III in the Second Battle of Tarain (1192).

After the Battle of Tarain, Sultan Shihab-ud-din Muhammad Ghuri placed one of his ablest generals in the Indian campaigns. But it appears that any meaningful control could not be established. Seizing the opportunity, a Rajput clan, Jatus, a branch of Tomar/Tanwar Rajputs, widely extended their power in Fatehabad area including Agroha. Firuz (1351–88) shot these areas into prominence. The ruler came to have somewhat unusual fancy for the tract (Hisar). It is a great credit to him that he established new towns of Fatehabad and Hissar and built two canals; one taking off from Ghaggar at Phulad and following the course of Joiya up to the town of Fatehabad. After the death of Firuz (1388), chaos and confusion spread all round. The situation deteriorated still further when Timur invaded in 1398. During his marching, Timur invested Fatehabad which was captured without any opposition from the inhabitants. Lastly, the invader reached Tohana but he could not set- up his permanent rule over the area. He soon left for Samana after looting these areas. The areas of Fatehabad came under the control of Mughals-Babar and Humayun.

Maharaja Amar Singh of Patiala who along with his minister Dewan Nanumal laid siege to the stronghold of Bighar near Fatehabad

There is a small and beautiful mosque known as Humanyun mosque at Fatehabad. The legend assigns the association of the mosque to the Mughal Emperor Humanyun who in his flight after his defeat at the hands of Sher Shah Suri happened to pass through Fatehabad. Fatehabad was one of important Mahals during Akbar's time. By 1760, the areas became the scene of a sort of triangular duel between the sturdy Sikhs of north-east, marauding Bhattis of north-west and the Muslim chiefs of the south. None of them could, however, hold the region permanently except for the Bhattis who became the masters of Fatehabad pargana. In 1774, Maharaja Amar Singh of Patiala along with his famous minister Dewan Nanumal laid seize to the stronghold of Bighar near Fatehabad which fell shortly afterwards.

The Raja then took Fatehabad and Sirsa and invested Rania held by Bhattis. Tohana also was seized by the Chief of Patiala. But after a treaty of Jind in 1781, Fatehabad and Sirsa were made over to the Bhattis and remaining territories were allowed to be retained by the Sikhs. By 1798, Agroha and Tohana were important parganas under the control of George Thomas. When George Thomas was driven out from here by the Sikh-Maratha-French Confederacy, a French Officer Lt. Bourquian controlled these areas on behalf of Marathas. He is said to have rebuilt the towns of Tohana and Hissar. Later these areas were placed under the charge of Illias Beg, a Mughal noble of Hansi.

In November 1884, the Sirsa district was abolished and Sirsa tahsil after the distribution of villages was formed. In 1889, 15 villages forming a detached block known as Budhlada were transferred form Kaithal tahsil to Fatehabad tahsil. The Barwala tahsil containing villages was abolished with effect from 1 January 1891 and its area was distributed between 3 contiguous tahsils; 13 villages going to Hansi, 24 to Hissar and 102 to Fatehabad. At the same time 13 villages were transferred from Hissar tahsil to Bhiwani tahsil and a sub-tahsil was established at Tohana in Fatehabad tahsil. In 1923, the Tohana sub-tahsil was transferred from Fatehabad to Hissar tahsil. In 1972, Tohana sub-tahsil was upgraded to tahsil. Two sub-tahsils, one at Ratia of tahsil of Fatehabad and other at Adampur of Hissar tahsil were created in 1979. By the end of 1978, the Hissar district comprised 486 villages, divided between tahsils of Fatehabad (166); Hissar (115), Hansi (119) and Tohana (86). Fatehabad came into existence as a full-fledged district with effect from 15 July 1997, now having three sub-divisions, three tahsils and three sub-tahsils.

Administrative set-up

Sub-Division Tehsil Sub-Tehsil Blocks
Fatehabad Fatehabad Bhuna Fatehabad
Ratia Ratia Jakhal Ratia
Tohana Tohana Bhattu Kalan Tohana
Bhuna
Bhattu Kalan
Jakhal

[1]

Climate

The climate of the district is of tropical type with intensively hot summer and cool winter, with a temperature of 47° in June and 2 °C in December and January. The average rainfall of the district is 400 mm.

Rainfall

The average annual rainfall in the district is 395.6 mm. The rainfall increases generally from the west towards the east and varies from 339.1 mm at Fatehabad to 428.4 mm at Hisar. About 71 percent of the annual normal rainfall is received during the short south-west monsoon period, July to September, July and August being the rainiest months.

Transport

Fatehabad district is connected by road with Punjab, Delhi and Sirsa district. Railway lines still not installed in Fatehabad Town. A network of metalled roads link all its villages and towns. National Highway No.10 connects Fatehabad with Delhi and Punjab.

Demographics

According to the 2011 census Fatehabad district has a population of 941,522,[2] roughly equal to the nation of Fiji[3] or the US state of Delaware.[4] This gives it a ranking of 461st in India (out of a total of 640).[2] The district has a population density of 371 inhabitants per square kilometre (960/sq mi) .[2] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 16.79%.[2] Fatehabad has a sex ratio of 903 females for every 1000 males,[2] and a literacy rate of 69.1%.[2]

Languages

Punjabi,Haryanvi and Hindi are major dilects spoken in this district where Hindi speakers account for 56% of the population and Punjabi speakers form 43%.[5]

Nearby villages

Ahlisadar

Ahlisadar is one of the largest village in Fatehabad district. It is situated 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) from NH-10 and possesses the most fertile agricultural land in the state. This village is known for its number of non-resident Indians (NRI). Almost every family from the village has a NRI citizen among its members.in this village 5 gurudwara's (1)baba bagh singh ji(2) baba bhana singh ji (3) baba nahar singh ji (4)bada gurudwara sahib (5) bhai bhagwan singh ji wala gurudwara

Bighar

Bighar is about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) from Fatehabad and is one of biggest villages in the district. It has a Haryana Urban Development Authority (HUDA) sector and was the first village in the district to have an engineering college, Guru Teg Bahadur International Institute of Engineering and Technology).

Bighar village is directly connected to 12 villages by road: Bhodiakhera, Matana, Dhanghar, Salamkhera, Dhani Miyan Khan, Chablamori, Dhand, Banawali, Baggumori, Bangaon, Banawali and Kirdhan.

Bhirdana-Harappan Township

Evidence of a township of the 5,000-year-old Indus Valley Civilization (Harappan Era) has been found during excavations near Bhirdana. Discoveries include many structures made of mud bricks, peculiar to the Harappan era; a well, a fortification wall, pottery and other antiquities.

Thuia

Thuia is about 28 kilometres (17 mi) from Fatehabad city and 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) from Bhattu Kalan The village is connected to seven villages by road and has a developed social and economic structure featuring a government hospital and high school.

References

  1. ↑ http://fatehabad.nic.in/
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "District Census 2011". Census2011.co.in. 2011. Retrieved 2011-09-30.
  3. ↑ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Retrieved 2011-10-01. Fiji 883,125 July 2011 est. line feed character in |quote= at position 5 (help)
  4. ↑ "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2011-09-30. Delaware 897,934 line feed character in |quote= at position 9 (help)
  5. ↑ http://esaharyana.gov.in/Data/StateStatisticalAbstract/StatisticalAbstract(2011-12).pdf

External links

Mansa district, Punjab Sangrur district, Punjab
Sirsa district Jind district
   Fatehabad district  
Hanumangarh district, Rajasthan Hisar district
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