Judicial appointment history for United States federal courts
The appointment of federal judges for United States federal courts has become viewed as a political process in the last several decades. This is especially true of U.S. Supreme Court and court of appeals appointments. These charts show the composition of the Supreme and circuit courts at the end of each four year presidential term, categorizing the judges by the presidential term during which they were nominated for their seat.
As of March 2014 a majority of the federal appeals courts have a majority of Democratic appointees. However, the party of the president who appointed a judge is not always a good indicator of that judge's judicial philosophy and place on the political spectrum.
Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of the United States was established by the Constitution of the United States. Originally, the Judiciary Act of 1789 set the number of Justices at six. Subsequently, the United States Congress increased the number of Justices to seven in 1807, nine in 1837 and ten in 1863. The Judiciary Act of 1869 reduced the number of Justices to nine once again.
Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ | JFK /LBJ | DDE 2 | DDE 1 | HST 2 | FDR /HST | FDR 3 | FDR 2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Current | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
2012 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
2008 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
2004 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
1996 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
1992 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
1988 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
1984 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
1980 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
1976 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
1972 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
1968 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
1964 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
1960 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
1956 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
1952 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
1948 |
Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | FDR /HST | FDR 3 | FDR 2 | FDR 1 | HCH | JCC | WGH /JCC | TWW 2 | TWW 1 | WHT |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1948 | | |||||||||||||
1944 | | |||||||||||||
1940 | | |||||||||||||
1936 | | |||||||||||||
1932 | |
Courts of appeals
The United States Court of Appeals were established by the Judiciary Act of 1891 as "United States circuit courts of appeals" (the name was changed to its current form in 1948). The act authorized 19 appellate judgeships in 9 circuits. Since then, the number of authorized appellate judgeships has increased to 179.[1]
Summary of 13 circuits combined
Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ | JFK /LBJ | DDE 2 | DDE 1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Current | ||||||||||||||||||||
2012 | ||||||||||||||||||||
2008* | ||||||||||||||||||||
2004 | ||||||||||||||||||||
2000 | ||||||||||||||||||||
1996 | ||||||||||||||||||||
1992 | ||||||||||||||||||||
1988 | ||||||||||||||||||||
1984 | ||||||||||||||||||||
1980 |
- There were temporarily 178 existing appellate federal judgeships, due to the elimination of a 12th seat on the D.C. Circuit by Section 509. of the Court Security Improvement Act of 2007.[2] The Act also provided for the creation of a 29th seat on the Ninth Circuit in January 2009 which increased the number of authorized appellate judgeships to 179 again.
Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ | JFK /LBJ | DDE 2 | DDE 1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present | ||||||||||||||||||||
2012 | ||||||||||||||||||||
2008 | | |||||||||||||||||||
2004 | | |||||||||||||||||||
2000 | ||||||||||||||||||||
1996 | ||||||||||||||||||||
1992 | ||||||||||||||||||||
1988 | ||||||||||||||||||||
1984 | ||||||||||||||||||||
1980 |
Partisan mix of the circuit courts
As of January 11, 2015
Appeals Court (in numerical order) | Percentage of occupied seats appointed by Republicans | Percentage of occupied seats appointed by Democrats | Republican/ Democrat/ vacant | Percentage of total seats appointed by Republicans | Percentage of total seats appointed by Democrats | Percentage of total seats currently vacant |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st | | |||||
2nd | ||||||
3rd | ||||||
4th | ||||||
5th | ||||||
6th | ||||||
7th | | |||||
8th | ||||||
9th | ||||||
10th | ||||||
11th | ||||||
DC | ||||||
Federal | ||||||
Total of 13 circuits |
First Circuit
Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Current | |||||||||||||||||
2012 | |||||||||||||||||
2008 | |||||||||||||||||
2004 | |||||||||||||||||
2000 | |||||||||||||||||
1996 | |||||||||||||||||
1992 | |||||||||||||||||
1988 | |||||||||||||||||
1984 | |||||||||||||||||
1980 |
Second Circuit
Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ | JFK /LBJ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
current | ||||||||||||||||||
2012 | ||||||||||||||||||
2008 | ||||||||||||||||||
2004 | ||||||||||||||||||
2000 | ||||||||||||||||||
1996 | | |||||||||||||||||
1992 | ||||||||||||||||||
1988 | ||||||||||||||||||
1984 | ||||||||||||||||||
1980 |
Third Circuit
Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Current | |||||||||||||||||
2012 | |||||||||||||||||
2008 | |||||||||||||||||
2004 | |||||||||||||||||
2000 | |||||||||||||||||
1996 | |||||||||||||||||
1992 | |||||||||||||||||
1988 | |||||||||||||||||
1984 | |||||||||||||||||
1980 |
Fourth Circuit
Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ | JFK /LBJ | DDE 2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
current | |||||||||||||||||||
2012 | |||||||||||||||||||
2008 | |||||||||||||||||||
2004 | |||||||||||||||||||
2000 | |||||||||||||||||||
1996 | |||||||||||||||||||
1992 | |||||||||||||||||||
1988 | |||||||||||||||||||
1984 | |||||||||||||||||||
1980 |
Fifth Circuit
Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ | JFK /LBJ | DDE 2 | DDE 1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
current | ||||||||||||||||||||
2012 | ||||||||||||||||||||
2008 | ||||||||||||||||||||
2004 | ||||||||||||||||||||
2000 | ||||||||||||||||||||
1996 | ||||||||||||||||||||
1992 | ||||||||||||||||||||
1988 | ||||||||||||||||||||
1984 | ||||||||||||||||||||
1980 |
Note: The 5th Circuit judges who were transferred to the 11th Circuit in 1981 are not included in the 5th Circuit numbers for 1980.
Sixth Circuit
Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ | JFK /LBJ | DDE 2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
current | |||||||||||||||||||
2012 | |||||||||||||||||||
2008 | |||||||||||||||||||
2004 | |||||||||||||||||||
2000 | |||||||||||||||||||
1996 | |||||||||||||||||||
1992 | |||||||||||||||||||
1988 | |||||||||||||||||||
1984 | |||||||||||||||||||
1980 |
Seventh Circuit
Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ | JFK /LBJ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
current | ||||||||||||||||||
2012 | ||||||||||||||||||
2008 | ||||||||||||||||||
2004 | ||||||||||||||||||
2000 | ||||||||||||||||||
1996 | ||||||||||||||||||
1992 | ||||||||||||||||||
1988 | ||||||||||||||||||
1984 | ||||||||||||||||||
1980 |
Eighth Circuit
Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
current | |||||||||||||||||
2012 | |||||||||||||||||
2008 | |||||||||||||||||
2004 | |||||||||||||||||
2000 | |||||||||||||||||
1996 | |||||||||||||||||
1992 | |||||||||||||||||
1988 | |||||||||||||||||
1984 | |||||||||||||||||
1980 |
Ninth Circuit
Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ | JFK /LBJ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
current | ||||||||||||||||||
2012 | ||||||||||||||||||
2008 | ||||||||||||||||||
2004 | ||||||||||||||||||
2000 | ||||||||||||||||||
1996 | ||||||||||||||||||
1992 | ||||||||||||||||||
1988 | ||||||||||||||||||
1984 | ||||||||||||||||||
1980 |
Note: SEC. 509. of the Court Security Improvement Act of 2007[2] provided for the creation of a 29th seat on the Ninth Circuit in January 2009.
Tenth Circuit
Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ | JFK /LBJ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
current | ||||||||||||||||||
2012 | ||||||||||||||||||
2008 | ||||||||||||||||||
2004 | ||||||||||||||||||
2000 | ||||||||||||||||||
1996 | ||||||||||||||||||
1992 | ||||||||||||||||||
1988 | ||||||||||||||||||
1984 | ||||||||||||||||||
1980 |
Eleventh Circuit
Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
current | |||||||||||||||||
2012 | |||||||||||||||||
2008 | |||||||||||||||||
2004 | |||||||||||||||||
2000 | |||||||||||||||||
1996 | |||||||||||||||||
1992 | |||||||||||||||||
1988 | |||||||||||||||||
1984 | |||||||||||||||||
1980 |
Note: In 1980, the 11th Circuit had not yet been created, but the judges that were later transferred to the 11th Circuit from the 5th Circuit are shown here.
DC Circuit
Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ | JFK /LBJ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
current | ||||||||||||||||||
2012 | ||||||||||||||||||
2008* | ||||||||||||||||||
2004 | ||||||||||||||||||
2000 | ||||||||||||||||||
1996 | ||||||||||||||||||
1992 | ||||||||||||||||||
1988 | ||||||||||||||||||
1984 | ||||||||||||||||||
1980 |
- SEC. 509. of the Court Security Improvement Act of 2007[2] eliminated the 12th seat on the D.C. Circuit.
Federal Circuit
Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ | JFK /LBJ | DDE 2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
current | |||||||||||||||||||
2012 | |||||||||||||||||||
2008 | |||||||||||||||||||
2004 | |||||||||||||||||||
2000 | |||||||||||||||||||
1996 | |||||||||||||||||||
1992 | |||||||||||||||||||
1988 | |||||||||||||||||||
1984 | |||||||||||||||||||
1980 |
Note: The Federal Circuit was created in 1982. The judges that sat on the courts that were combined into the Federal Circuit are shown in 1980 for trend comparison purposes.
Acronym key
Acronym | President | Term | Date range |
---|---|---|---|
BHO 2 | Barack Obama | second | January 20, 2013 – present |
BHO 1 | Barack Obama | first | January 20, 2009 – January 20, 2013 |
GWB 2 | George W. Bush | second | January 20, 2005 – January 20, 2009 |
GWB 1 | George W. Bush | first | January 20, 2001 – January 20, 2005 |
WJC 2 | Bill Clinton | second | January 20, 1997 – January 20, 2001 |
WJC 1 | Bill Clinton | first | January 20, 1993 – January 20, 1997 |
GHWB | George H. W. Bush | only | January 20, 1989 – January 20, 1993 |
RWR 2 | Ronald Reagan | second | January 20, 1985 – January 20, 1989 |
RWR 1 | Ronald Reagan | first | January 20, 1981 – January 20, 1985 |
JEC | Jimmy Carter | only | January 20, 1977 – January 20, 1981 |
RMN/GRF | Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford | split | January 20, 1973 – January 20, 1977 |
RMN 1 | Richard Nixon | first | January 20, 1969 – January 20, 1973 |
LBJ | Lyndon Johnson | second | January 20, 1965 – January 20, 1969 |
JFK/LBJ | John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson | split | January 20, 1961 – January 20, 1965 |
DDE 2 | Dwight Eisenhower | second | January 20, 1957 – January 20, 1961 |
DDE 1 | Dwight Eisenhower | first | January 20, 1953 – January 20, 1957 |
HST 2 | Harry Truman | second | January 20, 1949 – January 20, 1953 |
FDR/HST | Franklin Roosevelt and Harry Truman | split | January 20, 1945 – January 20, 1949 |
FDR 3 | Franklin Roosevelt | third | January 20, 1941 – January 20, 1945 |
FDR 2 | Franklin Roosevelt | second | January 20, 1937 – January 20, 1941 |
FDR 1 | Franklin Roosevelt | first | March 4, 1933 – January 20, 1937 |
HCH | Herbert Hoover | only | March 4, 1929 – March 4, 1933 |
JCC | Calvin Coolidge | second | March 4, 1925 – March 4, 1929 |
WGH/JCC | Warren G. Harding and Calvin Coolidge | split | March 4, 1921 – March 4, 1925 |
TWW 2 | Woodrow Wilson | second | March 4, 1917 – March 4, 1921 |
TWW 1 | Woodrow Wilson | first | March 4, 1913 – March 4, 1917 |
WHT | William Howard Taft | only | March 4, 1909 – March 4, 1913 |
See also
References
- ↑ "The U.S. Courts of Appeals and the Federal Judiciary". History of the Federal Judiciary. Federal Judicial Center. July 18, 2012. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
- 1 2 3 "Text of H.R. 660 (110th): Court Security Improvement Act of 2007 (Passed Congress/Enrolled Bill version) - GovTrack.us". GovTrack.us.
External links
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