Federation of Arab Republics
| Federation of Arab Republics | ||||||
| اتحاد الجمهوريات العربية Ittiḥād al-Jumhūrīyāt al-‘Arabīyah | ||||||
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.svg.png) The Federation of Arab Republics in 1972. | ||||||
| Capital | Tripoli (Libya) Cairo (Egypt) Damascus (Syria) | |||||
| Languages | Arabic | |||||
| Government | Confederal republic | |||||
| Legislature | Confederal National Assembly | |||||
| Historical era | Cold War | |||||
| • | Referenda held | 1 September 1971 | ||||
| • | Federation established | 1 January 1972 | ||||
| • | Disestablished | 19 November 1977 | ||||
| Area | ||||||
| • | 1977 | 2,947,171 km² (1,137,909 sq mi) | ||||
| Population | ||||||
| • | 1977 est. | 52,703,600 | ||||
| Density | 17.9 /km² (46.3 /sq mi) | |||||
| Currency | Libyan dinar Egyptian pound Syrian pound | |||||
| Today part of |  Egypt Libya Syria | |||||
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The Federation of Arab Republics (Arabic: اتحاد الجمهوريات العربية Ittiḥād al-Jumhūrīyāt al-‘Arabīyah)[1] was an attempt by Libya's Muammar Gaddafi to merge Libya, Egypt and Syria in order to create a United Arab state. Although approved by a referendum in each country on 1 September 1971,[2] the three countries disagreed on the specific terms of the merger. The federation lasted from 1 January 1972 to 19 November 1977.
It is not to be confused with the United Arab Republic (1958–1961), which was a single sovereign state uniting Egypt and Syria.
Referendums
Three simultaneous referendums on the Federation of Arab Republics were held on 1 September 1971, in Egypt, Libya and Syria.[3] In the Egyptian referendum the proposal was approved by 99.9% of voters,[4] in the Libyan referendum it was approved by 98.6% of voters,[5] whilst in Syria 96.4% voted in favour.[6]
Other Federations of Arab Republics
"Federation of Arab Republics" could refer to five different proposals:
- Federation between Egypt, Libya and Sudan (1969/70–1971)
- Federation between Egypt, Libya and Syria (1971/72–1974/77)
- Union between Egypt and Libya within the Federation (1972–1973/74)
- Union between Egypt and Syria within the Federation (1976–1977)
- Federation between Egypt, Sudan and Syria (1977)
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FAR 1970, Syria intends to join the Egyptian-Libyan-Sudanese Federation
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FAR 1971, Sudan is said to join later but keeps outside the Federation
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FAR 1972, Iraq is invited to join the Egyptian-Libyan-Syrian Federation
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FAR 1973, Egypt and Libya fail to form a Union within the Federation
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FAR 1976, Egypt and Syria intend to form a Union within the Federation
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FAR 1977, Sudan intends to join the Egypt-Syrian Federation
See also
- Arab Federation, a confederation between Iraq and Jordan (1958)
- Arab Islamic Republic, a proposed union of Libya and Tunisia (1972)
- United Arab Emirates, a union of seven Arab states (1971–present day)
- United Arab Republic, a union between Egypt and Syria (1958–61)
- United Arab States, a confederation between the United Arab Republic and the Kingdom of Yemen (1958–61)
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Federation of Arab Republics. |
- Unified Political Command, merger projects between Egypt and Iraq as well as between Egypt and North Yemen
References
- ↑ The literal translation is "Union of Arab Republics".
- ↑ Nohlen, D, Krennerich, M & Thibaut, B (1999) Elections in Africa: A data handbook, p336 ISBN 0-19-829645-2
- ↑ Nohlen, D, Krennerich, M & Thibaut, B (1999) Elections in Africa: A data handbook, p336 ISBN 0-19-829645-2
- ↑ Nohlen, D, Krennerich, M & Thibaut, B (1999) Elections in Africa: A data handbook, p340 ISBN 0-19-829645-2
- ↑ Nohlen, D, Krennerich, M & Thibaut, B (1999) Elections in Africa: A data handbook, p528 ISBN 0-19-829645-2
- ↑ Syrien, 1. September 1971 : Bildung der Vereinigten Arabischen Republik Direct Democracy (German)