Fen River

Yellow River Basin.
The Fen is to the right, joining the south-flowing part of the Yellow River just north of its eastward turn.

The Fen River near Fenyang in 1924.

A herd of sheep on the bank of Fen River 20 kilometers to the north of Taiyuan in 1924.

The Fen River (Chinese: 汾河; pinyin: Fén Hé) drains the center of Shanxi Province, China. It rises in the Guancen Mountains of Ningwu County in northeast Shanxi, flows southeast into the basin of Taiyuan, and then south through the central valley of Shanxi before turning west to join the Yellow River west of Hejin. The Fen and the Wei Rivers are the two largest tributaries of the Yellow River. The river is 694 km long and drains an area of 39,417 km², 25.3% of the area of Shanxi Province. The Fen River is the longest river in Shanxi province, northern China. It is also the second longest tributary of the Yellow River. The Fen River in Taiyuan city is throughout from north to south, the length of Fen River in Taiyuan City is 100 kilometer, occupies one seventh of the entire Fen River.

History

Ancient

The lower Fen was part of the core area of ancient China and held the capital of the state of Jin near Houma. The river nurtured the 2500-year-old Sanjin Civilization and has since been called the "Mother River of People" in Shanxi.

Some Chinese historians have connected the Fen with the ancient Ji River mentioned by Sima Qian and others, who credit it with the origin of the Yellow Emperor and his development of Chinese civilization.^[1]

In Taiyuan city, the Fen River valley area has fertile water resource; for this reason, the Fen area has become the economic center of Shanxi province. There are two valleys of the south region of further south. One of the valleys is the Fen River valley, it had led to the Yellow River. The second valley is the Su River, which was along the north edge of Zhongtiao Mountain; and it was forming another triangular basin. The Fen River valley offered different routes of communication in Wei River valley, that both routes were open to the either side of the Yellow River.^[2]

Modern

Modern cities on or near the Fen from north to south are: Taiyuan, Linfen, Houma, Hejin. Fenyang, although named after the river, is actually some 20-plus km to the west of it.

As with any river that flows through a city, the Fen River added extra charm to the city of Taiyuan. The construction of dams upstream, however, reduced the once-abundant flow of the river to a mere trickle, and the river bed went dry. From 1949, Chinese government built the reservoirs such as Fen River, Wenyu River, Hui River, and several other reservoirs on the tributaries of the Fen River, which ensured Taiyuan city and other cities’ industrial water, and enlarged Taiyuan basin and Linfen basin’s irrigation.^[3] Before the 1950s, Fen River valley’s flood areas is 13.34 ten thousand hectares, saline-alkali soil is 6.67 ten thousand hectares. Today, due to the influence of the water conservancy facilities, the water logging is almost inexistence, huge areas of saline-alkali soil are reformed.

Surrounding Introduction

A view of the Fen River Park in central Taiyuan as of 2011.

In the 1990s, the municipal government of Taiyuan built artificial and removable structures across the river at different locations to create reservoirs of water for landscaping purposes. The surface area of these reservoirs amounts to 1.7 million square meters and, along with newly created vegetation of 1.3 million square meters on the banks, forms the 6-kilometer long Fen River Park. The vegetation consist of 183 species trees, shrubs and other green plants.

The No. 1 Fen River reservoir, built in 1960, is the biggest artificial reservoir in Shanxi province; it is also the scenic spot in the province. The length from south to north is 15 kilometers, the width is 5 kilometers, the total area is 32 square kilometers, and the capacity of reservoir is 720 million cubic meters. In 2000, the No. 2 Fen River Reservoir was built about 50 kilometers downstream the No. 1 Fen River Reservoir. The pollution of Fen River reservoir has become a serious problem.^[4] Because of the rise of population and the development of economy, the industrial, domestic, and other kinds of pollution have been on the rise. Great quantities of sewage are indiscriminately discharged into the riverbed downstream of the Nos. 1 and 2 reservoirs. However, the government is trying to fix the problem.

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fen River.

↑ Pulleybank, Edwin G. "Ji 姬 and Jiang 姜: The Role of Exogamic Clans in the Organization of the Zhou Polity" PDF. Early China, 25. 2000.
↑ Li F. (2006). Landscape and Power In Early China: The Crises and Fall of the Western Zhou 1045-771 BC. NY: Cambridge university press. http://books.google.ca/books?id=d_qOvs0WjPcC&dq=fen+river&source=gbs_navlinks_s
↑ Killgore, W, M. (2011). World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010: Challenges of Change. VA: the American Society of Civil Engineer. http://books.google.ca/books?id=Kd_u6VJslm0C&dq=world+environmental+and+water+resources+congress+2010+challenges+of+change&source=gbs_navlinks_s
↑ Yu, Y., Yu, Z., Zhao, J,. (2011). Computer Science for Environmental Engineering and Ecolnformatics. KM: international Association for Scientific and High Technology.http://books.google.ca/books?id=Dkw99Cmf05wC&dq=fen+river+park&source=gbs_navlinks_s

Shanxi topics

Taiyuan (capital)

General	History Politics Economy

Geography	Cities Taihang Mountains Lüliang Mountains Yellow River Fen River Mount Wutai Great Wall of China Xiechi Lake

Education	Shanxi University Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan Normal University

Culture	Zhongyuan Mandarin Jin Chinese Puzhou Opera Shanxi merchants Cuisine

Visitor attractions	Dazhai Hukou Waterfall Pagoda of Fogong Temple Mount Heng Yungang Grottoes

Category Commons

Major rivers of China

Yangtze River system	Yalong River Min River Dadu River Qingyi River Tuo River Jialing River Fu River Qu River Wu River Hanshui River Qing River Chishui River Xiao River Xiang River Zi River Yuan River Lishui River Gan River Fu River Xin River Qingyi Jiang Qinhuai River Huangpu River

Yellow River system	Black River Daxia River Tao River Qingshui River Wuding River Fen River Wei River Jing River Luo River (Henan) Luo River (Shaanxi) Qin River

Pearl River system	North River East River Han River Mei River Ting River West River Yujiang River Yong River Xun River Qian River Hongshui River Nanpan River Beipan River Rong River Gui River

Heilong River system	Songhua River 2nd Songhua River Nen River Mudan River Ussuri River Argun River

Huai River system	Guo River Ying River Shiguan River

Other major rivers	Hai River Chaobai River Yongding River Hutuo River Liao River Tarim River Karatash River Ili River Shule River Tumen River Yalu River Luan River Red River Minjiang River Longjiang River Lancang River Beilun River Nu River Lion Spring River Elephant Spring River Yarlung Tsangpo River (Horse Spring River) Nyang River Subansiri River Irtysh River

Major canals	Grand Canal of China Lingqu Canal North Jiangsu Main Irrigation Canal

Coordinates: 35°15′47″N 110°23′28″E / 35.263°N 110.391°E / 35.263; 110.391

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