Xin River

信江
River
Country	China
Region	Jiangxi Province

Part of	Yangtze River-Poyang Lake
City	Shangrao, Yintan


Primary source	Yushan River
- location	Huaiyu Mountains, Sanqing, Yushan
- coordinates	CN 28°59′N 118°05′E / 28.983°N 118.083°E / 28.983; 118.083
Secondary source	Feng River
- location	Tongbo Mountain, Pucheng
Source confluence
- location	Xinzhou District, Shangrao
- coordinates	CN 28°26′24″N 117°57′40″E / 28.44000°N 117.96111°E / 28.44000; 117.96111
Mouth
- location	Yugan
- coordinates	CN 28°36′40″N 116°40′35″E / 28.61111°N 116.67639°E / 28.61111; 116.67639Coordinates: CN 28°36′40″N 116°40′35″E / 28.61111°N 116.67639°E / 28.61111; 116.67639

Length	360.5 km (224 mi)
Basin	17,600 km² (6,795 sq mi)

The Xin River (Chinese: 信江; pinyin: Xīn Jiāng; Wade–Giles: Hsin Jiang) flows in Yushan County from the eastern edge of Jiangxi Province of central China into Poyang Lake.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] Some Wikipedia maps appear to call this the Xiao River.

Geography

The headwaters at 28°59'N 118°05'E are in the Huai Shan mountains in the north and eastern boundaries of its watershed from which the river flows west. Tributaries include the Yu Ya River, Rao River North, Feng River, Stone River (Lu River), smaller mountain streams, the Ge River and the Baita River.^[5] The lower Xin River accepts the Le-an River which joins it as a tributary and both contribute water to Poyang Lake^[6] at 28°36'40"N 116°40'35"E and ultimately the Yangtze River.^[1]^[5] It is 360.5 km (580 miles) long and drains an area of 17,600 km² (6,795 sq. mi.) with a heavy sediment load.^[1]^[5] The Xin River Basin is bounded by the Huaiyu Mountains to the north and east and by the Wuyi Shan to the south and east. Huanggang Shan is 2,158 m tall,^[4] the highest mountain in Jiangxi Province, on the southern edge of the basin. The mountain passes of Fenshui Guan and Fengling Guan are on the southeastern edge of the Xin River Basin. Shan (山) and guan (关) mean mountain and pass in Chinese, respectively.^[4]

The Xin River can be divided into upstream, midstream and downstream sections. The upper reaches of river are in mountainous, undulating terrain. The middle reaches of the river basin gradually reduce in slope as the river flows west. In the Poyang Lake area downstream the river enters a flat open alluvial plain. Likewise, 40% of the Xin River basin, in the east end, is mountainous and the rest of the area is hills (35%) and plains (25%).^[5]

Climate

The Xin River Basin has a sub-tropical monsoon climate. Rainfall generally begins in April and gradually increases with some areas receiving up to 2000 mm or more annually. In July to September the weather is often controlled by a subtropical high, with local thunderstorms and rain, and eventually rain becomes scarce. The basin's average annual temperature in 18°C; annual average rainfall is 1845 mm with less in the eastern mountains than in the west.^[5]

Economy

The area of Poyang Lake is a major rice growing area while wheat and tea are grown in the upper reaches of the Xin River.^[1]^[6] The Xin River basin has a human population of more than 4 million. About 83% of the arable land in the basin is used for paddy fields.^[5]

Cities along the river

From its headwaters the Xin River flows south from the vicinity of the city of Yushan, east through or near towns of Shangrao, Yanshan, Yiyang, Guixi, and Yingtan, Yujiang, Yugan, and then northeast into Poyang Lake east of the city of Nanchang.^[2]^[3]^[4]

Dams

The Xin River has three large reservoirs, the Jiepai Navigation and Hydropower Plant at Yingtan City and on its tributaries the Jin Shaxi Yushan Qiyi Reservoir, the largest of the Xin River Basin reservoirs, and the Luxi River Shangrao Da'ao Reservoir. A river diversion project has a flow of 19 cubic meters per second use to irrigate rice fields.^[5]

Environmental protection

Local governments are working together to address significant environmental problems. The Xin River Basin has had industrial pollution including from the Kanayama Guixi Yongping Copper Mine as the largest source of pollution. In recent years, with the economic development of the basin, addressing the pollution of the river channel has become increasingly important. In 2005, Zhejiang Province ordered heavy polluters to clean up and worked with local officials providing incentives to resolve pollution issues. The enterprises of the watershed included mostly papermaking, metallurgy, chemical, and pharmaceutical companies, with the most serious hazardous chemicals being fluoride and fluorine. Many companies do not have sewage treatment facilities, so that sewage is discarded into the river without any treatment.^[5] In 2012, water pollution, low water levels, and human activities had been negatively impacting scaly-sided merganser, and endangered species which uses the river, although closure of a sand mine had had positive effects.^[7]

Endangered species

Scaly-sided merganser, a species endemic to East Asia and listed as endangered by the IUCN, was first reported for Jiangxi Province in 1992, with a 2012 publication reports 3-32 birds in the winter of 2010-2011 in three sections of the Xin River.^[7]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Xin River.

1 2 3 4 2010. The New Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Chicago, US. Vol. 6, p. 101.
1 2 2007. Oxford Atlas of the World. Oxford University Press, Inc., New York, New York, US.
1 2 2005. National Geographic Atlas of the World. 8th ed. National Geographic. Washington, DC.
1 2 3 4 2003. Hammond World Atlas. Hammond World Atlas Corp. Italy.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Tong XiaoFeng. 2009. Xin River Water District Fisheries and Resources Protection Strategy. Jiangxi Fishery Science and Technology: (3): 9-11, in Chinese (童晓峰. 信江水域渔业现状及资源保护策略. 江西水产科技. (3): 9-11.)
1 2 2000. Columbia Encyclopedia. 6th ed. Columbia University Press. New York, New York.
1 2 Shao, Mingqin; Zeng, Binbin; Tim, Hounsome; Chen, Lixin; You, Chaying; Wang, Hongbin; Dai, Nianhua. 2012. Winter Ecology and Conservation Threats of Scaly-sided Merganser Mergus squamatus in Poyang Lake Watershed, China. Pakistan J. Zool. 44(2): 503-510.

Major rivers of China

Yangtze River system	Yalong River Min River Dadu River Qingyi River Tuo River Jialing River Fu River Qu River Wu River Hanshui River Qing River Chishui River Xiao River Xiang River Zi River Yuan River Lishui River Gan River Fu River Xin River Qingyi Jiang Qinhuai River Huangpu River

Yellow River system	Black River Daxia River Tao River Qingshui River Wuding River Fen River Wei River Jing River Luo River (Henan) Luo River (Shaanxi) Qin River

Pearl River system	North River East River Han River Mei River Ting River West River Yujiang River Yong River Xun River Qian River Hongshui River Nanpan River Beipan River Rong River Gui River

Heilong River system	Songhua River 2nd Songhua River Nen River Mudan River Ussuri River Argun River

Huai River system	Guo River Ying River Shiguan River

Other major rivers	Hai River Chaobai River Yongding River Hutuo River Liao River Tarim River Karatash River Ili River Shule River Tumen River Yalu River Luan River Red River Minjiang River Longjiang River Lancang River Beilun River Nu River Lion Spring River Elephant Spring River Yarlung Tsangpo River (Horse Spring River) Nyang River Subansiri River Irtysh River

Major canals	Grand Canal of China Lingqu Canal North Jiangsu Main Irrigation Canal

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