Fernándo Norzagaray y Escudero

Fernándo Norzagaray
78th Governor-General of the Philippines
In office March 9, 1857 – January 12, 1860
Monarch	Isabel II of Spain
Preceded by	Ramon Montero
Succeeded by	Ramon Maria Solano
104th Governor of Puerto Rico
In office May 1852 – January 1855
Preceded by	Enrique de España y Taberner
Succeeded by	Andrés García Gamba
Personal details
Born	July 19, 1808 San Sebastián, Spain
Died	September 12, 1860 (aged 52) Madrid, Spain
Religion	Roman Catholicism
Military service
Allegiance	Kingdom of Spain
Rank

Fernándo Norzagaray y Escudero was a Spanish soldier and colonial governor. Of Basque descent, he was a lieutenant general before becoming the 104th Governor of Puerto Rico and the 78th Governor of the Philippines under Spanish colonial rule. He also had a political career in Spain. In 1840 he was briefly Minister of War. On his return to Spain in 1860 he was made a senator, but he died the same year.^[1]

Puerto Rico

He did extensive infrastructure work in Puerto Rico. One example was the bridge known as General Norzagaray's Grand Bridge, which crossed the Los Frailes stream. Arsenals were constructed, and a cavalry was created.^[2]

Philippines

Norzagaray authorized establishments of houses of foreign currency exchange on June 18, 1857, just two months after his ascendancy to governor. He ordered local administration reforms in September 1858 and reorganized the infantry in September 1859.^[3] In April 1859, ten Jesuit priests arrived in the Philippines, after being allowed again in the archipelago, to persuade Norzagaray to grant a Jesuit school be made. They were given the Escuela Municipal, which is the only primary school in Manila, on October 1, 1859.^[4] In 1858 he established a botanical garden, the Jardín Botánico, on the site now known as Mehan Garden.^[5][6]

Cochinchina Campaign

He sent Philippine troops to Cochinchina, southern Vietnam, in 1858 in a joint campaign with the French. Both Spain and France claimed to be defending Catholicism in Vietnam, with Spain reacting to the execution of bishop José María Díaz Sanjurjo at Nam Dinh, northern Vietnam, on July 20, 1857. The expedition raised hopes of increasing Philippine trade in Asia, however, Spain and its colony gained little long-term benefit from the four-year campaign.^[7]

At the Siege of Tourane, the Spanish navy was represented by the armed despatch vessel El Cano, only one of the initial 13 warships used during the campaign.^[8] The transport included a marine artillery battery and 1,000 troops drawn from the Spanish garrison of the Philippines, mostly Tagalogs and Visayans. It was put under the command of the French Admiral Charles Rigault de Genouilly. The combined Franco-Spanish force was forced to evacuate Tourane, giving way to the Vietnamese.^[9] The same force was used in the Siege of Saigon, which was put under the same French admiral, and garnered a victory for the combined Franco-Spanish force.^[10]

In 1860, most of the Spanish forces under the command of Admiral Bernardo Ruiz de Lanzarote were withdrawn on French request.^[11] France went on to develop a colony in Vietnam.

Fernándo Norzagaray y Escudero monument (151st Foundation Day, Norzagaray, Bulacan)

Legacy

The town of Norzagaray, which was formerly known as Casay, was named in his honor. During his term, he separated Casay from Angat and made the former a distinct town.^[12]

References

1. "NORZAGARAY Y ESCUDERO, Fernando: File of the Life Senator". Spanish Senate. Retrieved July 25, 2012.
2. "Chronology of the Governors of the 19th century". Retrieved 2011-10-28.
3. "Governors of the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period". 1997–2002. Retrieved 2011-10-27.
4. "THE ATENEO AT 150". 2009-12-17. Retrieved 2011-10-27.
5. "JARDIN BOTANICO". Retrieved July 25, 2012.
6. "First in the Philippines". Retrieved 2011-10-27.
7. "Spain in the Philippines and East Asia in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries". Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Retrieved 2011-10-27.
8. Thomazi, Conquête, 33
9. Thomazi, Conquête, 29–31 and 38–41; Histoire militaire, 24–5 and 26–7
10. Thomazi, Conquête, 35-36
11. "Filipino Involvement in the French-Spanish Campaign in Indochina". Retrieved 2011-10-27.
12. "Municipality of Norzagaray". 2007. Retrieved 2011-10-27.