Ford Falcon (EA)

Ford Falcon (EA)
Ford EA II Falcon S Sedan
Overview
Manufacturer	Ford Australia
Also called	Ford Fairmont (EA)
Production	March 1988 to July 1991 [1]
Body and chassis
Body style	4 door sedan 5 door station wagon
Related	Ford NA Fairlane Ford DA LTD
Powertrain
Engine	3.2 litre inline 6 3.9 litre inline 6
Transmission	3 speed automatic 4 speed automatic with overdrive 5 speed Borg Warner manual
Dimensions
Length	4811mm (sedan) 5003mm (wagon)
Width	1857mm (sedan) 1857mm (wagon)
Height	1399mm (sedan) 1483mm (wagon)
Curb weight	1418kg (sedan) 1508kg (wagon)
Chronology
Predecessor	Ford Falcon (XF)
Successor	Ford Falcon (EB)

The Ford Falcon (EA) is a full-size car that was produced by Ford Australia from 1988 to 1991. It was the first iteration of the fifth generation of this Australian-made model and also included the Ford Fairmont (EA)—the luxury-oriented version of the Falcon.

Development

The result of a A$700 million development program,^[2] the EA Falcon bore a passing resemblance to the European Ford Scorpio.^[1] However under the skin, it remained an entirely Australian design, and is credited as the first Falcon model to employ wind tunnel testing.^[1] Developed under the codename EA26 (E for the large size, A for Australia, 26 for the (usually in sequence) global project number), it would retain the traditional Falcon hallmarks of width and rear-wheel drive. This proved to be the correct move as sales of the Falcon began to climb after the fuel crisis aftermath, while those of the rival Commodore slipped. It became clear that Australian buying patterns had not truly changed and what the public wanted was a full-size (albeit smaller) family car.

In addition, Ford's dominance of the taxi market in Australia meant that a car that could comfortably seat three along the back seat—and even the front, with a bench seat installed—was necessary. It also ensured that Ford could retain, at least until Holden released the new Statesman/Caprice in 1990, the market for official cars for governmental use.

While initially popular, the EA's build quality was uncompetitive with uneven panel shutlines, computer problems, poor paint quality and front suspension alignment problems.^[1][3]

Engines and transmissions

The EA series brought new engines to the Ford Falcon along with across the board fuel injection, overhead camshaft cylinder head, inclined valve alloy heads and a low profile intake manifold lowering the engine height. The capacity was decreased from the previous XF which was 4.1 litres and an Overhead valve "OHV" design. All EA series engines utilised the corporate Ford EEC4 engine management system.

Engine choice initially comprised three straight-six units starting with the base 3.2 litre EFI which utilized a Throttle Body Injection or Central Fuel Injection induction to give 90 kW at 4000rpm and 235Nm at 3250rpm. This engine was standard on GL models although very few were sold and many owners of the 3.2 found lackluster torque and the resultant driving behavior caused increased fuel consumption versus the 3.9. Ford quietly discontinued the engine circa December 1988, not long into the production run of the EA series.

Initially an extra cost option on the Falcon GL, and standard on Falcon S and Fairmont, the 3.9 litre EFI (commonly referred to as the "CFI" or "TBI" engine) increased stroke from 79mm to 99.31mm while bore remained at 91.86mm. The engine used the same Throttle Body Injection as the 3.2 litre and power was rated at 120 kW at 4250rpm and torque 311Nm at 3250rpm. This engine would also be discontinued at the end of the EB series 1.

Standard on Fairmont Ghia and optional across the range was the Multi-Point Injection (commonly referred to as "MPEFI") 3.9 litre. This utilized port injection along with a low profile intake manifold to increase outputs to 139 kW at 4250rpm and 338Nm at 3500rpm. The option was signified on vehicles by a 3.9 Multipoint badge on each front fender behind the wheel arch was silver, except on Falcon S where it was red. On Falcon GL models the fitment of 215/65R14 tyres in place of either 185/75R14 (sedan) or 195/75R14 (wagon) tyres was also linked to the MPEFI option. All 30th Anniversary EA Falcons used a winged Falcon badge in the same fender location regardless of engine option causing there to be no obvious MPEFI identification.

A five-speed T50D fully synchronised manual and Borg-Warner Model M51 three-speed automatic transmission were offered, however the latter was replaced by a four-speed BTR Model 85LE in the Series II range then updated to the BTR 95LE in the EB update in 1991.

Initial 4 Speed automatics suffered poor reliability with loss of drive common within the first 100,000 km. NVH expertise later found the issue to be destructive harmonics within the transmission and this was remedied with the transmissions later being highly regarded for reliability when properly maintained. Ford would often meet repair costs for these transmissions post-warranty on a good will basis. Until the fix, taxi owners would continue to fit reconditioned 3-speed M51 automatic transmissions (as these were less costly) to these cars, until the bellhousing design was finally changed in later models preventing this practice.

Suspension and Chassis

The EA carried over significant parts of the prior X series Falcon platform to save costs.

Rear suspension on the sedans continued with the coil spring live axle located by upper and lower unequal length trailing arms, and a transverse watts linkage. The watts linkage had its centre pivot mounted to the differential housing carrying over the roll centre movement compromise from the XE Falcon of 1982. Falcons would be compromised by this roll centre nervousness until the discontinuation of the live axle with the BA Falcon.

All wagons carried over the leaf spring suspension of prior Falcons, chosen for their performance in fleet applications including load carrying.

The biggest change for the EA series was the introduction across all models and body types of a new front architecture comprising rack and pinion steering with new front suspension utilizing the Short and Long Arm Long Spindle ("SLALS") pseudo double wishbone design. This allowed for longer shocks, optimized ball joint location, improved geometry control, and dramatically improved front end response over the XF Falcon.

Standard suspension was fitted to all Falcon and Fairmont models. The Falcon S lowered ride height by 26mm (one inch) and increased spring and shock rates with larger stabilizer bars. An optional Country Pack suspension offered increased ride height compared to the standard suspension and typically came with enhanced underbody protection including a sump guard.

Brakes were the same across the range using a hub integrated (i.e. not a hat rotor) front ventilated disc design of 287mm and single piston calipers sliding on the hub carrier. The rear used solid discs also at 287mm and the rear calipers carried over the Ford handbrake system using a threaded piston applying the handbrake cable forces to the rear disc pads.

Model range

The EA series was available in four model variants:

• Falcon GL sedan & wagon
• Falcon S sedan & wagon
• Fairmont sedan & wagon
• Fairmont Ghia sedan & wagon

• 

  Ford EA Falcon GL Sedan

• 

  Ford EA II Falcon GL Wagon

• 

  Ford EA II Fairmont Ghia Sedan

No commercial vehicle variants of the EA were developed and the existing XF Falcon utility and panel van both continued in production alongside the EA passenger vehicles.^[4]

Series II

Launched in October 1989, the Series II brought with it a four-speed automatic transmission, body-coloured B-pillars^[1] and a centre high-mount stop light (CHMSL) which was added late in Series I production as it was mandated by 1 July 1989. Despite the Series II models having significantly fewer problems than the Series I, Series II prices are also affected by curtailed resale values. The same problem also affects the NA Fairlane and DA series LTD,^[5] and even the utility and panel van variants, which continued with the older XF architecture.

30th Anniversary

Released in October 1990 the 30th Anniversary commemorative models were identified by a 30th Anniversary winged badge on each front fender. These vehicles carried the vast majority of the technical updates of the EB Falcon.

Production and replacement

Production of the EA series had totalled 223,612 vehicles ^[2] at the time of its replacement by the facelifted Ford EB Falcon in 1991.

Aftermarket performance models

Due to the absence of a V8 engine and high performance model, the EA attracted significant interest from the Australian aftermarket industry hoping to gain Ford's approval for a factory backed model.

These included:

• Brock B8
• Advanced Induction Technology ("AIT") offering intercooled turbo kits sold through many Ford dealers
• EA SVO
• APV SR3900
• EA TSS
• DJR EA Falcon
• Phase Autos HO Phase 7
• EA AVO

Brock B8

Australian racing identity Peter Brock formed Austech Automotive Developments to produce a selection of vehicles based on the EA 's' and Fairmont Ghia models. All Brock EA falcons featured a unique body kit, 16inch wheel package and interior upgrades. The latter used the standard seats bolstered and trimmed in a cloth specific to the model. Brock also improved the power output through a re-profiled camshaft, ECU tuning and modification to the induction and exhaust systems. A suspension upgrade was also performed, improving handling and ride quality.^[6]

Advanced Induction Technology ("AIT")

One of the premium offerings for the EA Series was the offering of intercooled turbo kits sold through many Ford dealers. The kit used a front mount intercooler fed by extra air vents in the bumper, turbocharger, extra injectors and was signified by a build plate and instrumentation markings.

EA SVO

With over 1000 built, the EA SVO was the most successful aftermarket option. A creation from Australian motor racing driver and engineer Mick Webb, the EA SVO came with ROH 16" wheels, Recaro seats, MoMo steering wheels, suspension upgrades including Bilstein Shock Absorbers, engine modifications, spoilers and two tone grey paint work.

EA TSS

The EA TSS was a series of options from body kit manufacture GP Sportscars. These cars were known for the option of a JDD Twin Tire system and Sprintex supercharger system. GP also manufactured a complete body styling kit, and interior package. As the TSS was a range of options, rather than a specific model, an interested owner could have a complete car optioned up, or just specific options. As a result, some featured either just the supercharged motor, or body kit.

EA AVO

And Australian turbocharging company, AVO, built up a turbocharged EA falcon that held the world record for the fastest caravan tow, at 204.4 km.^[7]

Motorsport

Ken Youlden won the Australian Production Car Championship in both 1991 and 1992 driving a Ford EA Falcon.

See also

• Ford Falcon (XF) - Utility pickup and panel van of the Falcon line running concurrently with the EA series of cars and wagons

References

1. "EA Falcon (1988 - 1991)". Falcon Facts. Retrieved 2010-08-17.
2. "Ford Falcon EA". Unique Cars and Parts. Retrieved 2007-06-06.
3. Morley, David (2004-06-08). "Ford Falcon EA". Drive. Fairfax Media. Retrieved 2007-06-06.
4. "FalconFactsEA".
5. "Used car test - Ford Fairlane". Drive. Fairfax Media. 1999-02-26. Retrieved 2007-05-14.
6. http://www.brockfords.com.au/peter-brock-fords-history
7. http://www.autospeed.com/cms/article.html?&title=Boosted-Ford-Falcon-that-Could&A=1157

External links