Arnala fort

Arnala fort
Part of the Maratha Empire

Arnala fort bastion viewed through one the fort windows
Arnala fort
Coordinates 19°27′57″N 72°43′57″E / 19.46577°N 72.73247°E / 19.46577; 72.73247Coordinates: 19°27′57″N 72°43′57″E / 19.46577°N 72.73247°E / 19.46577; 72.73247
Site information
Controlled by

 Bijapur
 Shivaji
 Maratha Empire (1713-1818)
 United Kingdom

 India
Open to
the public		 Yes
Condition Protected Ruins

Arnala Fort is built on a small island of the port town of Arnala, located around 8 miles north of Vasai, Maharashtra, India.[1] Being an island fort, it is also called Jaldurg or Janjire-Arnala. The Portuguese, who owned this fort[2] rebuilt and gave it the name Ilha das vacas.

History

In 1516, a local chieftain in Gujarat, Sultan Mahmud Begda constructed the fort on the island, strategically located at the mouth of the Vaitarna river. In the 1530s, the Portuguese had established their operations in the coastal area, headquartered at Fort Bassein, and soon gained control of the island. The Portuguese captain of Bassein donated the island to a Portuguese nobleman who tore down the old fort and began construction of a 700-by-700-foot (210 m × 210 m) fort. Though the fort was never completed by the nobleman, it remained under Portuguese control for two centuries, who used it to control shipping and navigation along the northern Konkan coast.

During the late 17th and early 18th centuries, after a long struggle with the Mughal Empire, the Maratha Confederacy came to dominate present day Maharashtra. In 1737, the then Peshwa Baji Rao I sent his brother, Chimaji Appa, to take the Bassein Fort from the Portuguese. After winning the Battle of Vasai, his general, Shankarji Pant, persuaded Chimaji to launch an assault on Fort Arnala, for its strategic importance to the Maratha navy in assaulting Portuguese interests. Their first assault, coordinated with a Maratha naval force commanded by Manaji Agre, was routed by a superior Portuguese naval force. A second assault on the fort on March 28, 1737, caught the Portuguese by surprise and forced them to abandon the fort. The victory was commemorated by a plaque installed on the northern wall of the fort and is still visible today. Marathas then rebuilt the fort, constructing three bastions Bahirav, Bhavani and Bava.

The British captured the fort on 18 Jan. 1781 during the First Anglo-Maratha War.[3]

The Marathas controlled the fort until 1817 when, during the third British-Maratha war, despite successfully defending the fort, they were forced to surrender the fort to the British due to their superior naval power. The Arnala and Bassien forts were returned to the Marathas by the British in the treaty of Salabai, but the forts again changed hands under the treaty of Pune. Today the fort is in a state of disrepair.[4]

Features

Octagonal water reservoir inside the fort.

Octagonal Water Reservoir and Temples

There is a large octagonal fresh water reservoir inside the fort. Inside the fort are the temples of Ambakeshwar, the goddess Bhavani, Lord Shiva, and the tombs of Shahali and Hajjali. The 'paduka' or sacred sandals of Shrinityanand Maharaj are housed in a dome on the eastern face of the fort.

The Entrance

The main entrance of the fort faces approximately north.

Main entrance as seen from North side.

The solid stone doorway is adorned with pictures of tigers and elephants.

Detail of images of Tiger and elephant on the entrance door.

Ramparts and Walls

The external ramparts are in a fairly good condition, and a roughly three-meter-wide path exists along the outer walls. .[5]

Southern Watch Tower

There exists a lone watch tower about 550 meters from the main fort, on the Southern end of the island. This tower has no entrance gate.

Southern Watch Tower on Arnala Island

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Friends of Forts". Retrieved 2009-02-03.
  2. ↑ Scholberg, Henry (1995). Fortress Portugal in India. NorthStar Publications. Retrieved 2009-02-02.
  3. ↑ Naravane, M.S. (2014). Battles of the Honorourable East India Company. A.P.H. Publishing Corporation. p. 61. ISBN 9788131300343.
  4. ↑ Naravane, A.V.H. (1998). The Maritime and Coastal Forts of India. APH Publishing. pp. 43–44. ISBN 81-7024-910-4. Retrieved 2009-02-02.

External links

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