Freedom Square, Bydgoszcz

Freedom Square
<span class="nickname" ">Plac Wolności

Bird eye view of Freedom Square Bydgoszcz

Location of Freedom Square on a 1939 map
Former name(s) Weltzien Platz (till 1920 & 1939-1945) - Plac Wolnosci (1920-1939) & after 1945
Location Poland
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Freedom Square in Bydgoszcz ((Polish) Plac Wolności) is located in Bydgoszcz, Poland, in downtown area, between Gdańska Street and the park Casimir the Great.

Characteristics

Freedom Square stands as an elegant place of Downtown district (Pol. Śródmieścia) of Bydgoszcz, ornamented by Art Nouveau buildings , a historical church, a memorial and a green park. This is a location for recreational activities as well as military and official ceremonies.[1]

History

Freedom Square circa 1914

The land square was formerly part of the garden of 17th century monastery "Sisters of the Poor Clares", along with the area of today's park Casimir the Great. In 1835, the Bydgoszcz City Beautification Society ((German) Verschönerungs – Verein zu Bromberg) founded on the east side of Gdańska Street a tree nursery towere grown to brighten up the eastern side of Gdanska Street. In 1854, a first and small square called the Place fodder (German: Kannonenplatz) existed. In 1859, the square was extended to the south and planted with trees and greenery, the entire project being financed by Major General Helmut Carl Christian von Weltzien. In 1860, the square was named in his honor (German: Weltzienplatz).[2] Nursery trees in the square still functioned for several years, however, their importance was gradually reduced to the benefit of surfaces on which were erected buildings, High School N°1 and a church.

Originally its shape was a large rectangular square, with streets dividing it into four quarters. In 1873, the southern part of the square was used for the construction of the lutheran church of St Peter's and St Paul. On September 17, 1893, a statue of Emperor Wilhelm I on horseback was erected in the center of the square:[1] it was erected "in memoriam" of the deceased emperor, as a tribute to the creator of the German Reich and the father of the nation.[3] The monument was funded partly by the city, partly by donation from wealthy citizens, like among others, Louis Aronsohn or Heinrich Dietz.[3] This monument was short lived: after Bydgoszcz returned to Polish territory in 1919, the stautue was disbanded and moved to the city of Międzyrzecz.[3]

Statue of Emperor Wilhelm on Weltzienplatz square

Later, in 1904, on the fringe of the Municipal Park (now the Park Casimir the Great) was established the monumental sculpted fountain "The Deluge". It remained for 40 years the most attractive sculpture of the city and a symbol of downtown Bydgoszcz, before being partially dismantled and melted down by German forces.

During interwar, Freedom Square was one of the most charming and well-kept places in Bydgoszcz, embellished by carpets of flowers. In 1938, a reconstruction project run by engineer Stefan Pietrzak modified the appearance of the square: the area adjacent to Gdańska Street was converted into a parking lot, with a lawn area leading to the park Casimir the Great.

In 1945, a memorial to freedom has been by architect Jan Kossowski at the center of the square, in honor of Soviet and Polish soldiers - liberators of the city from Nazi occupation. The monument still exists today, yet it was rebuilt in 1991, adding the following words, "Civitas Bydgostiensis Libera". In 1995, a bronze bas-relief (by Aleksander Dętkoś) was fixed on the memorial, commemorating both the fight for independence of the Poles and the return of Bydgoszcz city to Poland on the 20th January 1920.

Architecture

The Freedom Square is enclosed by several different buildings on its northern front, several styles being represented,

The neo-Romanesque St Peter's and St Paul's Church and the oldest city park lie on its southern border.

The western side is delimited by Gdańska Street and Gimnazjalna street borders the east side.

Since 2004, restoration works have led to the recovering of the historic shape of the fountain "the Deluge", completed in 2014. In 2009-2010, a program of revitalization of the square has been carried out (alleys and greenery), together with a refurbishment of main facades.

Panoramic view of the facades of N°1,3,5,7 and High School n.1 (from left to right)

Main places and buildings

St Peter's and St Paul's Church

Registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship heritage list, N°A/62, 5 October 1971[4]

1872–1878, by Berlin architect Friedrich Adler

Eclecticism, Gothic Revival

From 1878 to 1945, the temple was devoted to the congregation of the Evangelical Union. In 1945, it has been dedicated to Catholic liturgy, then to a parish church since 1946. Above the main altar stands a painting of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary (1850), by Maksymilian Piotrowski, inspired from the former Jesuit church standing at the very place.


Tenement at Freedom Square 1

Registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship heritage list, N°601429, Reg.A/1041 20 October 1990[4]

1896–1898, by Józef Święcicki

Eclecticism, Neo-Baroque

One of the most famous works of the Joseph Swiecicki, a fecund Bydgoszcz architect from the start of the twentieth century. The building is famous for its sophisticated design and the architectural forms of the facade. The corner tower is topped with a bulbous dome.


Tenement at N°3

Registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship heritage list, N°A/257/1, 6 May 1991[4]

1903, by Fritz Weidner

Historicism, Polish secession

The house has an asymmetrical façade, the way Fritz Weidner design other tenements (e.g. at Gdańska Street N°28, N°31 or N°34), with typical Art Nouveau motifs: feminine masks, owls and beehive. Interiors too have retained some Art Nouveau elements such as the stairwell with nice wall tiles. The plaque on the façade reminds people that in this building lived and worked Andrzej Nowacki for 50 years. A sculpture "Jeans Andrew" by Peter Wagner was unveiled in the 11th anniversary of the death of the artist, as a tribute to the Bydgoszcz art painter. "Jeans Andrew" refers to the artist's most famous cycle - "Udżinsowieni" whose main theme is blue pants. Jeans were for Andrew Nowacki symbol of the times, a symbol of freedom and youth, but on the other hand, is also a metaphor for submission to the fashion and cultural schemes.[5]


Tenement at N°5

Registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship heritage list, N°A/278/1, 01st Oct. 1991[4]

1880-1890

Eclecticism

Building in eclecticism style, it still possesses nice interior features: plastered ceiling in the hallway and ancient stoves in some flats.


Tenement at N°7

1939, by Jan Kossowski

Modern architecture

The house was built according to a design by architect Jan Kossowski, who designed also Freedom Monument standing on the square. It is an example of Polish modernism of the interwar period.[6] First owners of the building were an interior and furniture designer Jacob Hechliński, and the building designer Carl Meinhardt. The facade is clad with sandstone, and the glazed ground floor was originally occupied by a Chevrolet car dealer, "Antoni Butowski".[7] During the Polish People's Republic (PRL) it housed a cafe, "Magnolia". Wacław Gieburowski, conductor of the Poznan Cathedral Choir, was born there as mentioned on commemorative plaque.

High School No. 1

Registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship heritage list, N°A/264/1, 28 May 1991[4]

1876–1877, by R. Oueissner

Neoclassicism

Originally the seat of the German Royal Grammar School. In 1904-1905 a side wing was added. In 1920 the school was converted into State High School Classic, in 1938 it became the State High School and Middle School, and after World War II, High School in Bydgoszcz. The building is "L" shapped, has two-story and an avant-corps.

Freedom Monument

1945, by Jan Kossowski

Functionalism

Monument to the fallen Soviet and Polish soldiers during the fighting for the liberation of the city in January 1945. It commemorates also the return of Bydgoszcz to Polish territory, on the 20th January 1920. Design by Jan Kossowski as the "Monument of Gratitude to Soldiers of the Red Army". It was intended to be a temporary monument, pending the construction of more worthy project object, but this never happened. In 1990, it was renamed "Freedom Monument".[8]


Fountain "The Deluge"

1904, by Ferdinand Lepcke

Classicism

One of the most original sculptures in Poland, it was an ornament in Bydgoszcz during the interwar period. Its designer was the Berlin sculptor Ferdinand Lepcke, also the author of Bydgoszcz Archer ("Łuczniczka"). The three-part sculpture depicted the people and animals trying to save themselves from the biblical flood. Water gushed fountains, reaching up to 6 m in height. In 1943, Nazis melted part of it for war purposes. Between 2004 and 2014, the original fountain has been is reconstructed by private fundings. Another fountain (built in 1906) of the same artist is still standing in the Rose Garden, Coburg.

Miscellaneous

On the Square grows a planetree registered on the Polish Natural Monument list: this 346 cm trunk circumference tree stands beside St Peter's and St Paul's Church.[9]

In the immediate vicinity of High School No. 1, at Gimnazjalna Street 2a, is a neoclassical building built before 1868. During interwar was located there a private clinic for nervous diseases run by Dr. Króla.[10] It served as a military hospital during WWII, and afterwards it was a pulmonary diseases clinic with X-ray laboratory. In 2012, the building, owned by Kuyavian-Pomeranian province, was transferred to the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Funds. Part of preserved elements of the edifice are a small fountain, in the shape of a lion's head and stone bowl, in the shape of shells. In 2015, works of restoration of the edifice have started.

Here also grows a Ginkgo biloba, listed as Polish Natural Monuments.[11]

Bibliography

See also

Freedom Square view from Gdanska Street
Freedom Square view from Gdanska Street.

References

  1. 1 2 Bręczewska-Kulesza Daria, Derkowska-Kostkowska Bogna, Wysocka A., [i inni]: Ulica Gdańska. Przewodnik historyczny. Bydgoszcz 2003
  2. ↑ German article about Bromberg/Bydgoszcz
  3. 1 2 3 MATERIAlY DO DZIEJOW KULTURY I SZTUKI T4:BYDGOSZCZY I REGIONU, MAREK ROMANIUK-Pomnik konny cesarza Wilhelma I w Bydgoszczy
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 zabytek|kujawsko-pomorskie|issued=1.03.2014
  5. ↑
  6. ↑
  7. ↑ MATERIAŁY DO DZIEJOW KULTURY I SZTUKI BYDGOSZCZY I REGIONU, AGNIESZKA WYSOCKA-Działalność architektoniczna Jana Kossowskiego w Bydgoszczy w latach 1923-1939
  8. ↑ Błażejewski Krzysztof: Niewdzięczni bydgoszczanie. [w.] Kalendarz Bydgoski 2007
  9. ↑ Program Ochrony Środowiska dla miasta Bydgoszczy na lata 2013-2016 http://www.bip.um.bydgoszcz.pl/binary/721_tcm30-133312.pdf (34,2 MB)
  10. ↑ Książka Adresowa Miasta Bydgoszczy : na rok 1929, p.XXXII
  11. ↑ Piotr Schutta "Uratują, ale tylko pół domu". Express Bydgoski 22 lipca 2014


Coordinates: 53°07′37″N 18°00′22″E / 53.1270°N 18.0060°E / 53.1270; 18.0060

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