Gbanu language

Gbanu
Native to	Central African Republic
Ethnicity	Gbaya
Native speakers	95,000 (1996)[1]
Language family	Niger–Congo Atlantic–Congo Savannas Gbaya Eastern Gbanu–Ngbaka Gbanu
Language codes
ISO 639-3	gbv
Glottolog	gban1260[2]

Gbanu (Gbànù, Banu, Gbanou) is a Gbaya language of the Central African Republic. The people do not consider themselves to be ethnically Gbaya.

Phonology

Gbanu has 14 vowels, oral /i e ɛ a ɔ o u/ and nasal /ĩ ẽ ɛ̃ ã ɔ̃ õ ũ/. Syllables may be maximally CVN, where N is /m/ or /n/. There are four tones on CV syllables, high, low, rising, and falling. Words have six tone patterns, those four plus dipping (falling–rising) and peaking (rising–falling).

Consonants

m	n	j~ɲ		w~ŋm
mb	nd		ŋɡ	ŋmɡb
ɓ~ˀm	ɗ~ˀn
p	t		k	kp	ʔ
b	d		ɡ	ɡb
f	s			h
v	z
	nz
	l

Intervocallically, the only voicing distinction that is maintained is /s, z/; otherwise only voiceless oral stops and fricatives occur between vowels. Nasal consonants lightly nasalize surrounding vowels, and nasal vowels, including those triggered by nasal consonants, nasalize the glottalized consonants. The approximants /j w/ do not occur with nasal vowels, and so may not be phonemic; /j~ɲ/, /w~mŋ/ may be posited as the underlying phonemes.

References

1. Gbanu at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
2. Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Gbanu". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.

• Yves Moñino, 1995. "Phonologie de Gbanu". In Le Proto-Gbaya. Peeters, Paris