Geology of Pakistan

The geology of Pakistan encompasses the varied landscapes that make up the land constituting modern-day Pakistan, which are a blend of its geological history, and its climate over the past few million years.

The Geological Survey of Pakistan is the premier agency responsible for studying the country's geology.^[1]

Tectonic zone

Main article: Tectonics zones of Pakistan

Earthquake hazard zones of Pakistan

Pakistan geologically overlaps both with the Indian and the Eurasian tectonic plates where its Sindh and Punjab provinces lie on the north-western corner of the Indian plate while Balochistan and most of the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa lie within the Eurasian plate which mainly comprises the Iranian plateau, some parts of the Middle East and Central Asia. The Northern Areas and Azad Kashmir lie mainly in Central Asia along the edge of the Indian plate and hence are prone to violent earthquakes where the two tectonic plates collide.

Earthquakes

Main article: List of earthquakes in Pakistan

Since it lies in the centre of tectonic plates, Pakistan has been vulnerable to a number of deadly earthquakes.

Mining

Main article: Mining in Pakistan

References

↑ Geological Survey of Pakistan

Geology of Asia

Sovereign states	Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Cambodia China Cyprus East Timor (Timor-Leste) Egypt Georgia India Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan North Korea South Korea Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Lebanon Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Oman Pakistan Philippines Qatar Russia Saudi Arabia Singapore Sri Lanka Syria Tajikistan Thailand Turkey Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Vietnam Yemen

States with limited recognition	Abkhazia Nagorno-Karabakh Northern Cyprus Palestine South Ossetia Taiwan

Dependencies and other territories	British Indian Ocean Territory Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Hong Kong Macau

Geography of Pakistan related topics

Geology	Tectonics Mountain ranges Minerals Gemstones

Subdivisions	Administrative units Regions Districts Cities and towns

Environment	Environmental issues Ecoregions Fauna Flora Climate

Protected Areas	Biosphere Reserves National Parks Wildlife Sanctuaries Game reserves Protected wetlands World Heritage Sites

By province	Gilgit–Baltistan Islamabad Punjab (Lahore) Sindh (Karachi)

Pakistan topics

History

Ancient

Medieval

Modern

Pre-colonial	Mughal East India Company Durrani Sikh Confederacy Sikh Empire First Anglo-Afghan War First Anglo-Sikh War Second Anglo-Sikh War Rebellion

Colonial	British Raj Second Anglo-Afghan War Durand Line Third Anglo-Afghan War Aligarh Movement Hindi–Urdu controversy Pakistan Movement Muslim League Two nation theory Jinnah's 14 Points Lahore Resolution Direct Action Day Partition Independence

Dominion	Dominion of Pakistan Princely states 1947 War Liaquat–Nehru Pact Baghdad Pact

Republic	Indus Treaty 1965 War 1971 War Project-706 Islamisation Baloch insurgency Kargil War Liberalization War in north-west

Geography

Features	Beaches Deserts Glaciers Islands Lakes Mountains Passes Rivers Valleys Waterfalls Wetlands

Areas	Arabian Sea Gwadar Bay Indus Plain Pothohar Plateau Salt Range Sistan Basin

Geology	Coal fields Gas fields Minerals Oil fields Tectonics Volcanoes Floods

Environment	Botanical gardens Ecoregions Environmental issues Forests Protected areas national parks game reserves sanctuaries Wildlife flora fauna Zoos

Other topics	Archaeological sites Climate weather records Borders Natural disasters earthquakes floods Subdivisions provinces districts cities World Heritage Sites

Governance

State	President National Security Council (C²NS ECC AEDB NCA)

Government	National government Cabinet Ministries Prime Minister Provincial governments Governors Chief Ministers Local government Union councils

Legislative	Parliament (Majlis-e-Shoora) Senate (upper house) Chairman National Assembly (lower house) Speaker Provincial assemblies Jirga (tribal assembly)

Judicial	Supreme Council Supreme Court Chief Justice Shariat Court High Courts District Courts

Politics	Elections Foreign relations Feudalism Intelligence community Political parties Martial law

Law	Constitution LFO PPC WPB PCO Human rights LGBT LGBT history Law enforcement Police Criminal Investigation (CID) Anti-Narcotics (ANF) Capital punishment Terrorism State terrorism

Military	History Army Air force Navy Marines Coast Guard Paramilitary Nuclear

Economy

Infrastructure	Electricity coal nuclear solar wind Foreign aid Fuel extraction Housing Planning Commission Post Poverty Satellite Tallest buildings Telecommunications Transportation bridges Water management Water supply and sanitation

Industry	Agriculture Arms Automobile Fishery Forestry Husbandry Labour child Media Mining Pharmaceuticals Silk Textiles Tourism

Commerce	Banking banks Companies Investment board Rupee (currency) Securities and Exchange Commission Stock markets Trade unions Trading Corporation

Policy programmes	Corporatisation Directive investment Industrialisation Military economisation Nationalisation Privatisation Public-private partnering Redundant Islamic economisation

Society and culture

Society	Crime Culture Education institutions Feudalism Gender discrimination Healthcare hospitals Human rights LGBT Marriage Media Naming List of Pakistanis Prostitution Religion Social clubs Time Urbanisation Women

Demographics	Diaspora Ethnicity Immigration Languages Urdu

Arts	Architecture Cinema films Dance Festivals Folklore Literature Mushaira Music Philosophy Textiles Theatre

Lifestyle	Clothing Shalwar kameez Mehndi Cuisine Etiquette Gun culture Nationalism flags public holidays songs symbols

Sports	Athletics Baseball Boxing Cricket Cycling Field hockey Football Gilli-danda Golf Kabaddi Motorsport Marathon (Lahore) Olympics Paralympics Polo Rugby Squash Swimming Tennis

Places	Botanical gardens Cemeteries Churches Forts Gurdwaras Hindu temples Libraries Mausolea and shrines Mosques Museums Parks Stadiums World Heritage Sites Zoos

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