Georges River

Georges River
Tucoerah River[1]
An intermediate tide dominated drowned valley estuary[2]
Georges River, looking towards its mouth at Botany Bay, and out to the Tasman Sea.
Name origin: In honour of King George III[3]
Country Australia
State New South Wales
Region Greater Metropolitan Sydney
Local government areas Wollondilly, Campbelltown, Liverpool, Fairfield, Bankstown, Sutherland, Hurstville, Kogarah
Tributaries
 - left Bunbury Curran Creek, Cabramatta Creek, Prospect Creek, Salt Pan Creek, Boggywell Creek
 - right Brennan's Creek, O'Hares Creek, Punchbowl Creek, Williams Creek (New South Wales), Deadmans Creek, Mill Creek (New South Wales), Woronora River
Source Upland swamps, O'Hares Creek
 - location east of Appin, Macarthur region
 - elevation 350 m (1,148 ft)
 - coordinates 34°15′00″S 150°49′48″E / 34.25000°S 150.83000°E / -34.25000; 150.83000
Mouth Botany Bay
 - location Taren Point
 - coordinates 34°0′35.994″S 151°7′47.6394″E / 34.00999833°S 151.129899833°E / -34.00999833; 151.129899833Coordinates: 34°0′35.994″S 151°7′47.6394″E / 34.00999833°S 151.129899833°E / -34.00999833; 151.129899833
Length 96 km (60 mi)
Depth 10.5 m (34 ft)
Volume 271,393.5 m3 (9,584,171 cu ft)
Basin 930.9 km2 (359 sq mi)
Area 26.6 km2 (10 sq mi)
Lakes and reservoirs Chipping Norton Lakes
National parks Georges River National Park, Dharawal National Park
NASA satellite view of Greater Metropolitan Sydney, with the location of the mouth of the Georges River, as marked
Website: NSW Environment and Heritage webpage
[4][5]

The Georges River, formerly known as Tucoerah River,[1] is an intermediate tide dominated drowned valley estuary,[2] located to the south and west of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

The source of the Georges River is upland swamps of the O'Hares Creek catchment, approximately 80 kilometres (50 mi) to the south-west of Sydney central business district between the town of Appin and the Illawarra Escarpment. The river travels for approximately 96 kilometres (60 mi) in a north and then easterly direction to its mouth at Botany Bay, about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from the Tasman Sea. The Georges River is the main tributary of Botany Bay; with the Cooks River being a secondary tributary.

The total catchment area of the river is approximately 930.9 square kilometres (359.4 sq mi) and the area surrounding the river is managed by a large number of local government authorities and NSW Government agencies.

The land adjacent to the Georges River was occupied for many thousands of years by the Tharawal and Eora Aboriginal peoples. They used the river as an important source of food and a place for trade.

Geography

The Geroges River at Freres Crossing Campbelltown.
Freres Crossing, near Campbelltown.

Course

From its source east of Appin within heath habitat of Wollondilly Shire & Wollongong Local government area, the Georges River flows north through rugged sandstone gorges to the east of Campbelltown, roughly parallel to the Main South railway line, with its eastern bank forming a boundary of Holsworthy Army Base. At Glenfield it reaches the urban environment and then travels to Liverpool where the river turns east and flows past the suburbs of East Hills, Lugarno, and Blakehurst, before emptying into Botany Bay at Taren Point in the southern suburbs of Sydney, where it joins with the estuarine catchment.

Major tributaries include O'Hares Creek, Bunbury Curran Creek, Cabramatta Creek, Prospect Creek, Salt Pan Creek and the Woronora River. The Georges River is popular for recreational activities such as water skiing and swimming. The banks of the river along the lower reaches are marked by large inlets and indentations overlooked by steep sandstone ridges and scarps, many being home to expensive residential properties.

The Georges River features some artificial lakes in the suburb of Chipping Norton, near Liverpool. These lakes, known as the Chipping Norton Lakes, are the result of sand mining and quarrying operations in the twentieth century. The Lakes are now a popular watersports and recreational facility for the residents of the south-western suburbs of Sydney.

Liverpool Weir now forms the uppermost tidal limit and presence of salt water on the Georges River.

Georges River National Park adjoins the upper reaches of the Georges River. From Appin to Glenfield, a large corridor has been protected as part of the Georges River Regional Open Space Corridor. Council reserves allow for access to natural sections of the river at Simmo's Beach,[6] Ingleburn Reserve, Keith Longhurst Reserve,[7] and Frere's Crossing.[8]

Botany Bay Community River Health Monitoring Program is a community-based initiative to monitor ecosystem health catchment. www.georgesriver.org.au

History

Aboriginal history

Prior to the arrival of Europeans, Georges River was formerly known as Tucoerah River by the traditional custodians of the area.

European history

The Georges River was named in honour of King George III, by Governor Arthur Phillip.[3]

The river was first explored by Bass and Flinders in 1795 on their first voyage on the Tom Thumb after their arrival in New South Wales. The exploration led to the establishment of Bankstown .

A dam was constructed by David Lennox using convict labour at Liverpool in 1836, as a water supply to Liverpool.[9]

In February 2007, Liverpool and Campbelltown City Council were awarded a $2 million grant from the NSW Environmental Trust under their Urban Sustainability Initiative.[10] The grant was to allow the councils, in conjunction with Wollondilly Shire Council and the Georges River Combined Councils Committee, to develop a Comprehensive Strategic Plan focused on the rehabilitation of the catchment area.[11]

Is the naming of Georges River after King George III correct? The question as to whether it was named after him or Lieutenant-Colonel George Johnston (1790–1820), land grantee over substantial sections of the River at (see) 'Georges Hall'?

Crossings

Georges River from East Hills.
View of the river as it passes through East Hills and Voyager Point. The Voyager Point footbridge and the East Hills railway line bridge can be seen in the middle distance

Bridges over the Georges River include from east to west:

Fish

Georges River from Illawong.

The Georges River is a popular area for recreational fishing. Species present in the river include bass, bream, whiting, yellowtail, jewfish and flathead. The river is also host to a number of commercial oyster farms. The upper ends of the Georges River are abundant with Bass during the summer months and during the winter months these bass migrate down to the lower ends of the river towards the salt water to breed. Waste water inflows to the river are carefully managed to maintain the estuarine habitat.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "Georges River". Geographical Names Register (GNR) of NSW. Geographical Names Board of New South Wales. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  2. 1 2 Roy, P. S; Williams, R. J; Jones, A. R; Yassini, I; et al. (2001). "Structure and Function of South-east Australian Estuaries". Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 53 (3): 351–384. Bibcode:2001ECSS...53..351R. doi:10.1006/ecss.2001.0796.
  3. 1 2 Pollon, Frances, ed. (1990). The Book of Sydney Suburbs. Australia: Angus & Robertson. p. 107. ISBN 0-207-14495-8.
  4. ↑ "Georges River". Estuaries of NSW. Office of Environment and Heritage. 26 April 2012. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  5. ↑ "Georges River information page". Campbelltown City Council.
  6. ↑ "Simmo's Beach Reserve". Macarthur Branch: Activities. National Parks Association of NSW. 2011. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  7. ↑ "Bushwalkers Basin". Macarthur Branch: Activities. National Parks Association of NSW. 2011. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  8. ↑ "Freres Crossing". Macarthur Branch: Activities. National Parks Association of NSW. 2011. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  9. ↑ "Liverpool Weir". Heritage Branch, New South Wales waling Department of Planning. Retrieved 24 September 2010.
  10. ↑ http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/grants/2006USMSummary.htm
  11. ↑ http://www.campbelltown.nsw.gov.au/getfile.asp?fileId=13828&cacheDefeat=0.4095564579588126
  12. ↑ "Georges River Bridge". Roads and Traffic Authority, New South Wales. Retrieved 20 September 2010.
  13. ↑ "Kings Falls Bridge over Georges River". Roads and Traffic Authority, New South Wales.

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Monday, April 04, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.