Gethyllidinae

Gethyllidinae
Gethyliis afra
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Order:	Asparagales
Family:	Amaryllidaceae
Subfamily:	Amaryllidoideae
Tribe:	Haemantheae
Tribe:	Gethyllidinae Dumort.[1][2]
Type genus
Gethyllis L.
Genera
Apodolirion Gethyllis
Synonyms[3]
Gethylleae Traub

Gethyllidinae is a small subtribe of Haemantheae, and therefore within the African clades of Amaryllidoideae. It consists of two genera, Gethyllis and Apodolirion, both endemic to southern Africa.

Description

Apodolirion buchanii, from Hooker's Icones Plantarum (1882)

Gethyllis and Apodolirion are two unifloral genera with fused spathe bracts that retain the ovary inside the bulbs till the fruit matures. In both the scape remains inside the bulbs. The fruit is large, fleshy, and aromatic with many seeds, and distinct from the rest of Haemantheae which have berry fruits with only a few seeds. These seeds are also small and hard, while the rest of Haemantheae have seeds that are larger, fleshy and water rich.

The genera are also distinguished from each other by their stigmata. In Gethyllis this is capitate, while in Apodolirion it is trifid. Also Apodolirion has six stamina while Gethyllis has many more, with some species having 18 or more.^[2]

Taxonomy

For the early taxonomic history of these two genera, see Meerow and Clayton (2004).^[2] Gethyllis was one of the two Hamantheae genera to be described (Linnaeus 1753),^[4] and in 1829 Dumortier placed it in a monotypic higher taxon, tribe Gethyllideae,^[1] and hence is given as the authority, a practice followed by Salisbury.^[5] Baker described Apodolirion in 1878, noting the close resemblance to Gethyllis.^[6] Pax (1888) then placed both genera in his subtribe Zephyranthinae, as one of six genera,^[7] a practice followed by Hutchinson (1926), though at tribal rank.^[8]

Traub recognised the distinct features of these two genera, for which he created the tribe Gethylleae in his 1963 monograph on the Amaryllidaceae, based on the type genus Gethyllis.^[3] He (amongst others) even expressed the idea that they might be a single genus. On the other hand Dahlgren (1985) submerged them once again in Haemantheae.^[9] Subsequently the Müller-Doblies' restored Gethyllidinae as a tribe.^[10] Later molecular phylogenetic research has shown that these two genera, while forming a monophyletic subclade, is situated as one of three subtribes of Haemantheae, since forming a separate tribe renders Haemantheae paraphyletic. Although the two genera are resolved in this process as distinct sister groups, the possibility that they may eventally be considered a single genus remains.^[2][11]

Phylogeny

The Gethyllidinae are placed within the Haemantheae as follows:

Tribe Haemantheae	Subtribe Cliviinae Subtribe Haemanthineae Subtribe Gethyllidinae

Subdivision

• Apodolirion (~6 species)
• Gethyllis (~35 species)

Distribution and habitat

Gethyllis is found in winter rainfall regions of southern Africa, while Apodolirion is found in the summer rainfall zone.^[2]

References

1. Dumortier 1829, Hypoxideae: Gethyllideae p. 58
2. Meerow & Clayton 2004.
3. Traub 1963.
4. Linnaeus 1753, Class XI: Dodecandria. Monogynia. Gethyllis p. 442
5. Salisbury & Gray 1866, Gethyllideae p. 42
6. Baker 1878.
7. Pax 1888.
8. Hutchinson 1926.
9. Dahlgren, Clifford & Yeo 1985.
10. Müller-Doblies & Müller-Doblies 1996.
11. Meerow & Snijman 2006.

Bibliography

• Hutchinson, John (1934). The families of flowering plants, arranged according to a new system based on their probable phylogeny. 2 vols (1 ed.). Macmillan. Volume 1: Monocotyledonae 1926, Volume 2:Dicotyledonae 1934.
• Linnaeus, Carl (1753). Species Plantarum. Stockholm: Laurentii Salvii. Retrieved 18 April 2015.
• Dahlgren, R.M.; Clifford, H.T.; Yeo, P.F. (1985). The families of the monocotyledons. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-642-64903-5. Retrieved 10 February 2014.
• Meerow, Alan W.; Clayton, Jason R. (1 February 2004). "Generic relationships among the baccate-fruited Amaryllidaceae (tribe Haemantheae) inferred from plastid and nuclear non-coding DNA sequences". Plant Systematics and Evolution 244 (3-4): 141–155. doi:10.1007/s00606-003-0085-z.
• Meerow, Alan W.; Snijman, Deirdre A. (2006). "The never-ending story: multigene approaches to the phylogeny of Amaryllidaceae". Aliso 22: 355–366. Retrieved 25 January 2015.
• Vigneron, Pascal. "Amaryllidaceae". Amaryllidaceae.org (in French). Retrieved 23 October 2014.
• "Amaryllidaceae: A taxonomic tool for the Amaryllidaceae of the world". eMonocot.
• Traub, H.P. (1963). Genera of the Amaryllidaceae. La Jolla, California: American Plant Life Society.
• Müller-Doblies, U.; Müller-Doblies, D. (1996). "Tribes and subtribes and some species combinations in Amaryllidaceae J St Hil R Dahlgren & al. 1985". Feddes Repertorium 107 (5–6): S.c.1–S.c.9.
• Dumortier, Barthélemy-Charles (1829). Analyse des familles des plantes: avec l'indication des principaux genres qui s'y rattachent (in French). Tournay: Casterman. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
• Salisbury, Richard Anthony; Gray, J. E. (1866). The Genera of Plants (Unpublished fragment). Retrieved 26 October 2014.
• Baker, JG (1878). "On two new genera of Amaryllidaceae from Cape Colony". Journal of botany, British and foreign 16: 74–77.
• Pax, Ferdinand. Amaryllidaceae. pp. 97–124., in Engler & Prantl (1888)
• Engler, Adolf; Prantl, Karl, eds. (1888). Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien nebst ihren Gattungen und wichtigeren Arten, insbesondere den Nutzpflanzen, unter Mitwirkung zahlreicher hervorragender Fachgelehrten 1887–1915 II(5) (in German). Leipzig: W. Engelmann. Retrieved 6 April 2015.

External links