Gothic Line order of battle

Gothic Line order of battle is a listing of the significant formations that were involved in Operation Olive, the Allied offensive on the Gothic Line in northern Italy, August–September 1944, and in the subsequent fighting in the central Apennine mountains and on the plains of eastern Emilia–Romagna up to April 1945.

Allied Forces Headquarters Mediterranean

Supreme Allied Commander Mediterranean:

General Sir Henry Maitland Wilson (until 12 December 1944)

Field Marshal Sir Harold Alexander (from 12 December 1944)

Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Mediterranean:

Lieutenant General Jacob L. Devers (until September 1944)

Lieutenant General Joseph T. McNarney (from September 1944)

Chief of Staff

Lieutenant-General Sir James Gammell (to 12 December 1944)

Lieutenant-General Sir John Harding (from 12 December 1944 to 6 March 1945^[1])

Lieutenant-General William Morgan (from 6 March 1945)^[1]

Allied Armies in Italy (until 12 December 1944)

Commander-in-Chief: General Sir Harold Alexander

Chief of Staff: Lieutenant-General Sir John Harding

Allied 15th Army Group (from 12 December 1944)

Commander: Lieutenant General Mark W. Clark (promoted to full general 10 March 1945)

Chief of Staff: Major General Alfred M. Gruenther

U.S. Fifth Army

Commander:

Lieutenant General Mark W. Clark (until 16 December 1944)

Lieutenant General Lucian K. Truscott (from 16 December 1944)

U.S. II Corps

Major General Geoffrey Keyes

• U.S. 34th Infantry Division (Major General Charles Bolté)
• U.S. 88th Infantry Division (Major General Paul W. Kendall)
• U.S. 91st Infantry Division (Major General William G. Livesay)
• U.S. 85th Infantry Division (Major General John B. Coulter) (until April 1945 when transferred to IV Corps)
• Italian Legnano Combat Group (from 1945)

U.S. IV Corps

Major General Willis D. Crittenberger

• U.S. 1st Armored Division (Major General Vernon E. Prichard)
• 6th South African Armoured Division (Major-General Evered Poole)
• U.S. 92nd Infantry Division (Major General Edward Almond) (from August 1944)*
• 1st Brazilian Infantry Division (General Mascarenhas de Morais) (from November 1944)
• U.S. 10th Mountain Division (Major General George Price Hays) (from February 1945)
• U.S. 85th Infantry Division (Major-General John B. Coulter) (transferred from II Corps April 1945)

* Order of entry into battle

British XIII Corps (transferred to British Eighth Army in January 1945)

Lieutenant-General Sidney Kirkman (until 25 January 1945)

Lieutenant-General John Harding (from 25 January 1945)

• 6th Army Group, Royal Artillery
• British 4th Infantry Division (Major-General Dudley Ward) (until September 1944)
  • 10th Infantry Brigade
  • 12th Infantry Brigade
  • 28th Infantry Brigade
• British 6th Armoured Division (Major-General Horatius Murray) (from August 1944 to March 1945)
  • 26th Armoured Brigade
  • 1st Guards Brigade
  • 61st Infantry Brigade
• 8th Indian Infantry Division (Major-General Dudley Russell) (until March 1945)
  • 17th Indian Infantry Brigade
  • 19th Indian Infantry Brigade
  • 21st Indian Infantry Brigade
• 10th Indian Infantry Division (Major-General Denys W. Reid) (from February 1945)
  • 10th Indian Infantry Brigade
  • 20th Indian Infantry Brigade
  • 25th Indian Infantry Brigade
• 1st Canadian Armoured Brigade (until February 1945)
• British 1st Infantry Division (Major-General Charles Loewen) (until January 1945)
  • 2nd Infantry Brigade
  • 3rd Infantry Brigade
  • 66th Infantry Brigade

Independent units under Army HQ

• Brazilian Expeditionary Force (General Mascarenhas de Moraes) (from November 1944)
• U.S. 92nd Infantry Division (Major-General Edward M. Almond) (from November 1944)

British 8th Army

Commander:

Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)Lieutenant-General Sir Oliver Leese (until 1 October 1944)

Lieutenant-General Sir Richard L. McCreery (from 1 October 1944)

British V Corps

Lieutenant-General Charles Keightley

• 1st Army Group Royal Artillery
• British 1st Armoured Division (Major-General Richard A. Hull) (until 25 September 1944)
  • 2nd Armoured Brigade
  • 18th Infantry Brigade
  • 43rd Gurkha Lorried Infantry Brigade
• British 4th Infantry Division (Major-General Dudley Ward) (from October to November 1944)
  • 10th Infantry Brigade
  • 12th Infantry Brigade
  • 28th Infantry Brigade
• 4th Indian Infantry Division (Major-General Arthur Holworthy) (until October 1944)
  • 5th Indian Infantry Brigade
  • 7th Indian Infantry Brigade
  • 11th Indian Infantry Brigade
• British 46th Infantry Division (Major-General John Hawkesworth until 6 November 1944, then Major-General C.E. Weir) (until December 1944)
  • 128th Infantry Brigade
  • 138th Infantry Brigade
  • 139th Infantry Brigade
  • British 25th Tank Brigade
• British 56th Infantry Division (Major-General John Y. Whitfield)
  • 167th Infantry Brigade
  • 168th Infantry Brigade
  • 169th Infantry Brigade
  • British 7th Armoured Brigade
• British 78th Infantry Division (Major-General D.C. Butterworth until 10 October 1944 and then Major-General Keith Arbuthnott) (from March 1945)
  • 11th Infantry Brigade
  • 36th Infantry Brigade
  • 38th Infantry Brigade
• British 6th Armoured Division (Major-General Horatius Murray) (from 18–23 April 1945)
• 8th Indian Infantry Division (Major-General Dudley Russell) (from March 1945)
• 10th Indian Infantry Division (Major-General Denys Reid) (from October 1944 to February 1945)
• 2nd New Zealand Division (Lieutenant-General Sir Bernard C. Freyburg) (November 1944 to 14 April 1945)
  • 4th New Zealand Armoured Brigade
  • 5th New Zealand Infantry Brigade
  • 6th New Zealand Infantry Brigade
• Jewish Brigade (from February to March 1945)
• Italian Liberation Corps (Corpo Liberation Italiano) (1944)^[2]
  • Nembo Division
  • Utili Division
• Italian Cremona Combat Group (from 1945)
• Italian 28th Garibaldi Brigade (from 1945)

British X Corps (until December 1944 and from February 1945)

Lieutenant-General Sir Richard L. McCreery (until 6 November 1944)

Lieutenant-General John Hawkesworth (from 6 November 1944)

• 2nd Army Group Royal Artillery
• 10th Indian Infantry Division (Major-General Denys Reid) (until October 1944)
  • 10th Indian Infantry Brigade
  • 20th Indian Infantry Brigade
  • 25th Indian Infantry Brigade
• British 9th Armoured Brigade
• Jewish Brigade (from March 1945)
• Italian Fruili Combat Group (from 1945)

British XIII Corps (transferred from U.S. Fifth Army January 1945)

see listing above under U.S. Fifth Army)

Canadian I Corps (until February 1945)

Lieutenant-General E. L. M. Burns (until 10 November 1944)

Lieutenant-General Charles Foulkes (from 10 November 1944)

• 1st Canadian Army Group Royal Canadian Artillery
• Canadian 1st Infantry Division (Major-General Chris Vokes until 1 December 1944 then Major-General H. W. Foster)
  • 1st Canadian Infantry Brigade
  • 2nd Canadian Infantry Brigade
  • 3rd Canadian Infantry Brigade
• Canadian 5th Armoured Division (Major-General Bert Hoffmeister)
  • 5th Canadian Armoured Brigade
  • 11th Canadian Infantry Brigade
  • 12th Canadian Infantry Brigade
• British 21st Tank Brigade
• British 4th Infantry Division (Major-General Dudley Ward) (from September to October 1944)
• 2nd New Zealand Division (Lieutenant-General Sir Bernard Freyberg. Major-General C. E. Weir acting commander 3 September to 17 October 1944) (September to October 1944)
• 3rd Greek Mountain Brigade (Colonel Thrasyvoulos Tsakalotos) (from September to October 1944)

Polish II Corps

Lieutenant-General Władysław Anders

• Army Group Polish Artillery
• Polish 3rd Carpathian Rifle Division (Major-General Bolesław Bronisław Duch)
  • 1st Carpathian Rifle Brigade
  • 2nd Carpathian Rifle Brigade
• Polish 5th Kresowa Infantry Division (Major-General Nikodem Sulik)
  • 5th Wilenska Infantry Brigade
  • 6th Lwowska Infantry Brigade
• Polish 2nd Armoured Brigade (Brigadier-General Bronislaw Rakowski)

Other Units

• British 2nd Commando Brigade (Brigadier Ronnie Tod) (1945)
• British 2nd Parachute Brigade (Brigadier Charles Pritchard) (to December 1944)

German Army Group C

Commander:

Field Marshal Albert Kesselring (until 25 October 1944, from January 1945 until 9 March 1945)

General Heinrich von Vietinghoff (from 25 October 1944 until January 1945 and from 9 March 1945)

German Tenth Army

Commander:

General Heinrich von Vietinghoff (until 25 October 1944)

Lieutenant-General Joachim Lemelsen (from 25 October 1944 to 15 February 1945)

Lieutenant-General Traugott Herr (from 15 February 1945)

German LXXVI Panzer Corps

Lieutenant-General Traugott Herr (until 26 December 1944)

Lieutenant-General Graff Gerhard von Schwerin (from 26 December 1944 to 25 April 1945)

Major-General Karl von Graffen (from 25 April 1945)

• German 1st Parachute Division (Lieutenant-General Richard Heidrich until 18 November 1944 then Brigadier Karl-Lothar Schulz)
• German 5th Mountain Division (Major-General Max-Günther Schrank to 18 January 1945, then Brigadier-General Hans Steets)
• German 71st Infantry Division (Major-General Wilhelm Raapke) (until December 1944)
• German 162nd Infantry Division (Major-General Ralph von Heygendorff)
• German 278th Infantry Division (Major-General Harry Hoppe)

German LI Mountain Corps

Lieutenant-General Valentin Feurstein until March 1945 and then Lieutenant-General Friedrich-Wilhelm Hauck

• German 44th Reichsgrenadier Division Hoch und Deutschmeister (Major-General Hans-Günther von Rost) (until November 1944)
• German 114th Jäger Division (Brigadier-General Hans-Joachim Ehlert to 15 April 1945 then Brigadier-General Martin Strahammer)
• German 232nd Infantry Division (Lieutenant-General Eccard Freiherr von Gablenz)
• German 305th Infantry Division (Lieutenant-General Friedrich-Wilhelm Hauck until Dec 1944 then Brigadier-General Friedrich von Schellwitz)
• German 334th Infantry Division (Major-General Hellmuth Böhlke)
• German 715th Infantry Division (Brigadier-General Hanns von Rohr) (until January 1945)
• 1st Bersaglieri "Italia" Division (Major-General Mario Carloni)

German Fourteenth Army

Commander:

Lieutenant-General Joachim Lemelsen (to 24 October 1944 and from 17 February 1945)

Lieutenant-General Frido von Senger und Etterlin (October 1944)

Lieutenant-General Heinz Ziegler (24 October to 22 November 1944)

Lieutenant-General Traugott Herr (22 November to 12 December 1944)

Lieutenant-General Kurt von Tippelskirch (from 12 December 1944 to 16 February 1945)

German I Parachute Corps

Lieutenant-General Alfred Schlemm (to 30 September 1944)

Lieutenant-General Richard Heidrich (from 1 November 1944 to 23 January 1945)

Major-General Hellmuth Böhlke (from 23 January 1945 to 7 February 1945)

Lieutenant-General Richard Heidrich (from 7 February 1945)

• German 4th Parachute Division (Major-General Heinrich Trettner)
• German 356th Infantry Division (Major-General Karl Faulenbach to October 1944)
• German 362nd Infantry Division (Major-General Heinz Greiner)

German XIV Panzer Corps

Lieutenant-General Frido von Senger und Etterlin

• German 26th Panzer Division (Major-General Eduard Crasemann to 29 January 1945 then Brigadier-General Alfred Kuhnert to 19 April 1945 then Major-General Viktor Linnarz)
• German 65th Infantry Division (Major-General Hellmuth Pfeifer)
• 16th SS Panzergrenadier Division Reichsführer-SS (SS-Gruppenführer Max Simon until 24 October 1944 then SS-Brigadeführer Otto Baum)

Army Group Liguria

Commander: General Alfredo Guzzoni

• 42nd Jäger Division (Major-General Walter Jost)
• 34th Infantry Division (Major-General Theobald Lieb)
• Italian Monterosa Mountain Division (Colonel Giorgio Milazzo)
• Italian San Marco Marine Division (Major-General Amilcare Farina)

Army Reserve

• German 29th Panzergrenadier Division (Major-General Fritz Polack)
• German 20th Luftwaffe Field Division re-designated German 20th Luftwaffe Stürm Division in June 1944 (Brigadier-General Wilhelm Crisolli until 1 June 1944 then Brigadier-General Erich Fronhöfer)

Independent Units

German LXXV Corps (Italian-French border)

Lieutenant-General Hans Schlemmer

• German 148th Reserve Division (Major-General Otto Schönherr) (to August 1944)
• German 90th Panzergrenadier Division (Major-General Ernst-Günther Baade to 9 December 1944 then Lieutenant-General Gerhard von Schwerin to 26 December 1944 then Brigadier-General Heinrich Baron von Behr)
• German 157th Mountain Division re-designated German 8th Mountain Division in February 1945 (Major-General Paul Schricker)

Adriatic Coast Command

• 94th Infantry Division (Major-General Bernhard Steinmetz)
• German 188th Mountain Division (Major-General Hans von Hößlin)

Notes

1. Jackson (1988), p. 196.
2. Jackson (1987), p. 225.

References

• Blaxland, Gregory (1979). Alexander's Generals (the Italian Campaign 1944-1945). London: William Kimber & Co. ISBN 0-7183-0386-5.
• Carver, Field Marshal Lord (2001). The Imperial War Museum Book of the War in Italy 1943-1945. London: Sidgwick & Jackson. ISBN 0-330-48230-0.
• Houterman, Hans; Koppes, Jeroen. "World War II unit histories and officers". Retrieved 2007-07-23.
• Jackson, General Sir William & Gleave, Group Captain T.P. (2004) [1st. pub. HMSO:1987]. Butler, Sir James, ed. The Mediterranean and Middle East, Volume VI: Victory in the Mediterranean, Part 2 - June to October 1944. History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Uckfield, UK: Naval & Military Press. ISBN 1-84574-071-8.
• Jackson, General Sir William & Gleave, Group Captain T.P. (2004) [1st. pub. HMSO:1988]. Butler, Sir James, ed. The Mediterranean and Middle East, Volume VI: Victory in the Mediterranean, Part 3 - November 1944 to May 1945. History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Uckfield, UK: Naval & Military Press. ISBN 1-84574-072-6.
• "Orders of Battle.com". Retrieved 2007-07-23.
• "ALLIED ORDER OF BATTLE". Retrieved 2011-07-03.
• "GERMAN ORDER OF BATTLE". Retrieved 2011-07-03.
• Montemaggi, Amedeo (2002). LINEA GOTICA 1944. La battaglia di Rimini e lo sbarco in Grecia decisivi per l'Europa sud-orientale e il Mediterraneo. Rimini: Museo dell'Aviazione.
• Montemaggi, Amedeo (2006). LINEA GOTICA 1944: scontro di civiltà. Rimini: Museo dell'Aviazione.
• Montemaggi, Amedeo (2008). CLAUSEWITZ SULLA LINEA GOTICA. Imola: Angelini Editore.
• Montemaggi, Amedeo (2010). ITINERARI DELLA LINEA GOTICA 1944. Guida storico iconografica ai campi di battaglia. Rimini: Museo dell'Aviazione.
• Orgill, Douglas (1967). The Gothic Line (The Autumn Campaign in Italy 1944). London: Heinemann.
• Wendell, Marcus. "Axis History Factbook: German army order of battle". Retrieved 2007-07-23.