Alfred Dudley Ward

Sir Dudley Ward
Born	27 January 1905
Died	28 December 1991 (aged 86)
Allegiance	United Kingdom
Service/branch	British Army
Rank	General
Unit	Dorsetshire Regiment King's Regiment (Liverpool)
Commands held	43rd Reconnaissance Regiment 231st Infantry Brigade 17th Infantry Brigade 4th Infantry Division Staff College, Camberley I Corps British Army of the Rhine Near East Command Gibraltar
Battles/wars	World War II
Awards	Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire Distinguished Service Order Commander of the Legion of Merit (United States)
Other work	Deputy Lieutenant of Suffolk Hon. Colonel University Training Corps (Liverpool) (1951[1]- 1957[2]) Colonel Commandant, Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (1958[3] – 1963[4]) Colonel, King's Regiment (Liverpool) ( – 1957[5])

General Sir Alfred Dudley Ward GCB, KBE, DSO (27 January 1905–28 December 1991), was a senior officer of the British Army who saw service during World War II and later became Governor of Gibraltar. He served as an ordinary soldier for three years before being sent for officer training in 1926. Slow peacetime career progression saw Ward achieving the rank of captain in only 1937 but the Second World War, which began in September 1939, allowed him to demonstrate his high ability as both a staff officer and commander in the field. Receiving command of the 4th Infantry Division at the unusually young age of 39 years and 3 months, Ward went on to hold staff and field appointments at the highest levels after the war.

Early life and career

Educated at Wimborne Grammar School, Ward went on to serve in the British Army as an other rank for three years before entering the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. From Sandhurst he was commissioned as a second lieutenant into the Dorsetshire Regiment in January 1929.^[6][7] In December 1931 he was posted to India to be aide-de-camp to the Commander of the Lahore District,^[8] achieved promotion to lieutenant in January 1932^[9] and completed his posting in September 1932.^[10] He went on to the Staff College, Quetta in 1935. In 1937, Ward was promoted to captain^[11] transferring to the King's Regiment (Liverpool) for an appropriate vacancy.^[7][12] In February 1939 he was seconded to India for staff service as a GSO3,^[13][14] but was recalled to London in July^[15] and by the outbreak of the Second World War in September he was serving as a GSO2 in the Directorate of Military Intelligence at the War Office in London.^[16] In May 1940 Ward was appointed an instructor at the Staff College, Camberley, returning to the War Office a year later.^[17] In late 1941 he was selected for command and was posted to lead 43 Reconnaissance Regiment, previously the 5th Battalion, Gloucestershire Regiment, initially the reconnaissance unit of the 48th (South Midland) Infantry Division and then, from November 1941, of 43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division.^[17]

Second World War

He became Brigadier General Staff (BGS) of XI Corps in July 1942.^[17] In September 1943 he swapped jobs with Roy E. Urquhart to take command of 231 Infantry Brigade which had seen recent action in the invasion of Sicily.^[17] However, within a week of arriving he was ordered to swap jobs once more, this time with Gerard Bucknall, and took command of 17 Brigade, part of 5th Infantry Division,^[17] which he led in the Allied campaign in Italy. The brigade saw action during the British Eighth Army's advance from Foggia, notably on the Moro River in late 1943, before 5th Division was switched to Italy's western seabord, on the left flank of British X Corps which itself formed the left wing of U.S. Fifth Army on the Gustav Line.^[17] Ward's brigade conducted an amphibious crossing of the Garigliano river on 17 January, part of the First Battle of Monte Cassino, and was involved in heavy fighting until the end of the month. In March 5th Division was moved to the Anzio beachhead and was involved in further heavy fighting in "The Wadis" on the beachheads' left flank.^[18] Ward was awarded the DSO in April 1944.^[19]

Given the acting rank of major-general, highly unusual for someone still under the age of forty,^[12] Ward took command of the 4th Infantry Division in April 1944.^[7] Recently arrived in Italy from Egypt, where it had been refitting since the end of the Tunisia Campaign in May 1943, the division had to be rapidly prepared and brought to peak fitness for the key role assigned to it, together with 8th Indian Infantry Division, that of creating bridgehead s across the Gari (wrongly referred to as the Rapido in contemporary sources^[20]) in the fourth Battle of Monte Cassino the following month. After successfully completing its task, the division was rested until late June when it rejoined the front line on the Trasimene Line.^[18]

In August the division found itself once more on the Adriatic coast taking part in Operation Olive, the Eighth Army's attack on the Gothic Line.^[18] In December 1944 the 4th Division was moved to Greece, where it was involved in fighting against Communist partisans opposed to the new provisional government. By mid-January order was restored and in April Ward handed over command of his division to become Chief of Staff to Ronald Scobie the British commander in Greece.^[21]

For his services in Italy Ward was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in April 1945^[22] and Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in July of the same year.^[23] He also received the Legion of Merit (Degree of Commander) from the United States for his service to the Allied cause.^[24]

Senior command

After the war, having demonstrated in the previous five years high competence as both a field commander and staff officer,^[21] Ward received appointments in both disciplines at the highest levels. He was promoted to substantive major-general in 1947^[25] and appointed in quick succession as Director of Military Operations at the War Office and commandant of the Staff College, Camberley, in 1947 and 1948 respectively.^[7] He assumed command of I Corps in Germany in the rank of lieutenant-general and was promoted Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) in the 1953 New Year Honours.^[26] He returned to Britain in 1953 as Deputy Chief of the Imperial General Staff,^[7] relinquishing the post in October 1956.^[27] Ward returned to Germany in January 1957 as Commander-in-Chief of Northern Army Group and the British Army of the Rhine,^[28] was promoted to full general in February 1957,^[29] and held the post until January 1960.^[30] He left to become, in May 1960, Commander-in-Chief, British Forces Middle East^[31] which was re-designated Near East Command on vacating the appointment in May 1962.^[32] He was promoted Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in June 1957^[33] which was promoted to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB) in the new year honours list in 1959^[34] and from December 1958^[35] to December 1961,^[36] he held the title of Aide-de-Camp General to Queen Elizabeth II.^[7]

He became Governor and Commander-in-Chief Gibraltar in June 1962,^[7][37] where he presided over the introduction of the 1964 constitution. The Dudley Ward Tunnel is named in his honour. He was also made a knight of the charitable Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem in 1962.^[38]

Ward retired from the army in 1965.^[39] In retirement he served as a Deputy Lieutenant of Suffolk from 1968^[40] until 1984.

Following convention for retired senior officers, Ward maintained links with the British Army through the honorary positions of Colonel Commandant of the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers and Colonel of the King's Regiment.

Notes

1. The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 39179. p. 1561. 20 March 1951. Retrieved 2010-01-28.
2. The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 40995. p. 870. 5 February 1957. Retrieved 2010-01-28.
3. The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 41331. p. 1587. 7 March 1958. Retrieved 2010-01-28.
4. The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 42920. p. 1401. 12 February 1963. Retrieved 2010-01-28.
5. The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 41034. p. 1945. 26 March 1957. Retrieved 2010-01-28.
6. The London Gazette: no. 33462. p. 772. 1 February 1929. Retrieved 2007-11-15.
7. Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives
8. The London Gazette: no. 33827. p. 3280. 20 May 1932. Retrieved 2010-01-29.
9. The London Gazette: no. 33798. p. 954. 12 February 1932. Retrieved 2010-01-28.
10. The London Gazette: no. 34033. p. 1780. 16 March 1934. Retrieved 2010-01-29.
11. The London Gazette: no. 34374. p. 1256. 23 February 1937. Retrieved 2010-01-29.
12. Mead, p. 469.
13. The London Gazette: no. 34596. p. 864. 7 February 1939. Retrieved 2010-01-28.
14. The London Gazette: no. 34610. p. 2015. 24 March 1939. Retrieved 2010-01-28.
15. The London Gazette: no. 34708. p. 6874. 13 October 1939. Retrieved 2010-01-29.
16. Mead, pp. 469–470.
17. Mead, p. 470.
18. Mead, p. 471.
19. The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 36456. p. 1587. 4 April 1944. Retrieved 2010-01-28.
20. 1944: la battaglia di S.Angelo in Theodice e la confusione tra i fiumi Rapido e Gari, 1944: the Battle of St. Angelo in Theodice and the Confusion between Rapido and Gari rivers.
21. Mead, p. 472.
22. The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 37039. p. 2067. 17 April 1945. Retrieved 2010-01-28.
23. The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 37161. p. 3490. 1945-07-03. Retrieved 2008-08-05.
24. The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 38288. p. 2917. 11 May 1948. Retrieved 2010-01-28.
25. The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 37986. p. 2711. 13 June 1947. Retrieved 2007-11-15.
26. The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 39732. p. 7. 30 December 1952. Retrieved 2010-01-28.
27. The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 40893. p. 5615. 2 October 1956. Retrieved 2010-01-28.
28. The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 40968. p. 144. 1 January 1957. Retrieved 2010-01-28.
29. The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 40992. p. 799. 1 February 1957. Retrieved 2010-01-28.
30. The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 41923. p. 249. 5 January 1960. Retrieved 2010-01-28.
31. The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 42022. p. 3111. 29 April 1960. Retrieved 2010-01-28.
32. The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 42714. p. 5109. 22 June 1962. Retrieved 2010-01-28.
33. The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 41089. p. 3369. 4 June 1957. Retrieved 2010-01-28.
34. The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 41589. p. 2. 30 December 1958. Retrieved 2010-01-28.
35. The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 41567. p. 7497. 5 December 1958. Retrieved 2010-01-28.
36. The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 42526. p. 8689. 28 November 1961. Retrieved 2010-01-28.
37. The London Gazette: no. 42711. p. 5018. 22 June 1962. Retrieved 2010-01-28.
38. The London Gazette: no. 42722. p. 5305. 3 July 1962. Retrieved 2010-01-28.
39. The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 43809. p. 10427. 5 November 1965. Retrieved 2007-11-15.
40. The London Gazette: no. 44569. p. 4527. 19 April 1968. Retrieved 2010-01-28.

References

• Mead, Richard (2007). Churchill's Lions: A biographical guide to the key British generals of World War II. Stroud (UK): Spellmount. ISBN 978-1-86227-431-0.
• Smart, Nick (2005), Biographical Dictionary of British Generals of the Second World War, Leo Cooper Ltd ISBN 1-84415-049-6