Staff College, Camberley

Staff College, Camberley
Staff College, Camberley
Active	1802–1997
Country	United Kingdom
Branch	British Army
Type	Training
Role	Staff Officer Training
Garrison/HQ	Camberley, Surrey

Staff College, Camberley, Surrey, was a staff college for the British Army and the Presidency armies of British India (later merged to form the Indian Army). It had its origins in the Royal Military College, High Wycombe founded in 1799, which in 1802 became the Senior Department of the new Royal Military College. In 1858 the name of the Senior Department was changed to "Staff College", and in 1870 this was separated from the Royal Military College. Apart from periods of closure during major wars, the Staff College continued to operate until 1997, when it was merged into the new Joint Services Command and Staff College. The equivalent in the Royal Navy was the Royal Naval Staff College, Greenwich and the equivalent in the Royal Air Force was the RAF Staff College, Bracknell.

Origins

Old print of the College

In 1799 Colonel John Le Marchant submitted a proposal to the Duke of York, the Commander-in-Chief of the Forces, for a Royal Military College. A private officer training school, based on the idea of a senior or staff department in the proposed college, was opened in the same year by Colonel Le Marchant, at the Antelope Inn, High Wycombe, and designated the Royal Military College, High Wycombe, with himself as Commandant. This facility was officially recognised by royal warrant in 1801 as the senior department of the Royal Military College which was to open at a large house in 1802 in Great Marlow.^[1] Le Marchant was now appointed as Lieutenant-Governor and Superintendent-General of the College.^[2]

The course lasted for two years and in 1808 was specifically stated as intended to train future commanding officers and staff officers. Until 1858, students were required to pay to attend. The senior department of the Royal Military College moved to a building in West Street in Farnham in Surrey in 1813 and in 1820 joined the junior department (which trained aspiring officers before they were commissioned) at Sandhurst.^[3]

Decline, independence and subsequent growth

The College underwent a decline and by 1857 the annual admissions had fallen to just six.^[3] In 1858 the name was changed to the Staff College and it was made independent of the Royal Military College in 1870.^[3] It now had its own Commandant and Adjutant, although continued to be administered by Sandhurst until 1911. However it now had properly conducted entry and final examinations, and primarily military subjects were taught. Purpose-built dedicated premises were approved in 1858, and built between 1859 and 1863 to a design by James Pennethorne, adjacent to the Royal Military College (but over the county boundary in Camberley).^[4] During the 1870s there were just 40 students although numbers increased to 60 students in the 1880s.^[3]

In 1903 officers of the Colonial forces first joined the college and in 1905 naval officers were first introduced.^[3] The College was completely restructured in 1938, with a junior wing at Camberley, for officers of an average age of 29 years, and a senior wing at Minley Manor, Farnborough, for graduates of the former aged about 35 years.^[5]

A number of the Israel Defense Forces' early officers attended classes at Camberley, including Yitzhak Rabin (1952–53).^[6] In 1994 it was announced that a new Joint Services Command and Staff College would replace the Staff College, the Royal Naval Staff College, RAF Staff College, and Joint Service Defence College in 1997.^[7]

Commandants

Commandant, Staff College, Sandhurst

• 1858–1861: Colonel Patrick Leonard McDougall^[8]
• 1861–1864: Colonel William Craig Emilius Napier^[9]
• 1865–1870: Colonel Thomas Edgar Lacy^[10]

Commandants since the College gained its independence in 1870 have been:^[11]

• 1870–1878 Major-General Edward Bruce Hamley^[12][13]
• Feb–May 1878 Major-General Sir Archibald Alison^[14][15]
• 1878–1885 Major-General Charles Creagh-Osborne^[16]
• 1885–1888 Major-General Edward Clive^[17]

Commandant, Staff College, Camberley

• 1888–1893 Colonel Francis Clery^[18]
• 1893–1898 Colonel Henry Hildyard^[19]
• 1898–1903 Colonel Herbert Miles
• 1903–1906 Colonel Sir Henry Rawlinson
• 1907–1910 Brigadier-General Henry Wilson
• 1910–1913 Major-General Sir William Robertson
• 1913–1914 Brigadier-General Launcelot Kiggell

Note the college was closed during the War

• 1919–1922 Major-General Hastings Anderson
• 1922–1926 Major-General Sir Edmund Ironside
• 1926–1931 Major-General Charles Gwynn
• 1931–1934 Major-General John Dill
• 1934–1936 Major-General Clement Armitage
• 1936–1937 Major-General Viscount Gort
• 1937–1938 Major-General Sir Ronald Adam
• 1938–1939 Major-General Bernard Paget
• 1939–1941 Major-General Robert Collins
• 1941–1942 Major-General Montagu Stopford
• 1942–1943 Major-General Sir Alan Cunningham
• 1943–1944 Major-General Douglas Wimberley
• 1944–1946 Major-General Philip Gregson-Ellis
• 1946–1948 Major-General Richard Hull
• 1948–1951 Major-General Dudley Ward
• 1951–1954 Major-General Gerald Lathbury
• 1954–1956 Major-General Charles Jones
• 1957–1958 Major-General Nigel Poett
• 1958–1961 Major-General Reginald Hewetson
• 1961–1963 Major-General Charles Harington
• 1963–1966 Major-General John Worsley
• 1966–1967 Major-General Mervyn Butler
• 1967–1970 Major-General John Sharp
• 1970–1972 Major-General Allan Taylor
• 1972–1974 Major-General Patrick Howard-Dobson
• 1974–1975 Major-General Hugh Beach
• 1975–1978 Major-General John Stanier
• 1978–1980 Major-General Frank Kitson
• 1980–1982 Major-General David Alexander-Sinclair
• 1982–1984 Major-General John Akehurst
• 1984–1986 Major-General Patrick Palmer
• 1986–1988 Major-General John Waters
• 1988–1989 Major-General John Learmont
• Mar–Dec 1989 Major-General Jeremy Mackenzie
• 1989–1991 Major-General William Rous
• 1991–1993 Major-General Michael Rose
• 1993–1994 Major-General Christopher Wallace
• 1994–1996 Major-General Anthony Pigott

References

1. Marlow Tour Marlow Society
2. Major-General John Gaspard Le Marchant (1766–1812) Defence Academy
3. "Full text of "Sir William Robertson, the life story of the Chief of the Imperial General Staff"". archive.org. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
4. Good Stuff. "The Staff College - Camberley - Surrey - England - British Listed Buildings". britishlistedbuildings.co.uk. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
5. Vote a. Number of Land Forces Army Estimates, 1949–50
6. Slater, Robert (1993). Rabin of Israel: A Biography of the Embattled Prime Minister. St. Martin's Press. p. 95. ISBN 0-312-09368-3.
7. Ministry of Defence: The Joint Services Command and Staff College National Audit Office Report 2002
8. The London Gazette: no. 22093. p. 571. 5 February 1858.
9. The London Gazette: no. 22551. p. 3861. 27 September 1861.
10. The London Gazette: no. 22925. p. 6806. 30 December 1864.
11. Army Commands
12.  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
13. The London Gazette: no. 23635. p. 3435. 19 July 1870.
14. Archibald Alison at Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
15. The London Gazette: no. 24531. p. 7188. 14 December 1877.
16. The London Gazette: no. 24580. p. 2990. 10 May 1878. Retrieved 2011-09-05.
17. "- Person Page 7509". thepeerage.com. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
18. Denis Larionov & Alexander Zhulin. "Read the eBook The Catholic who's who by F. C. (Francis Cowley) Burnand online for free (page 10 of 55)". ebooksread.com. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
19. Whitaker's Almanack 1894

Coordinates: 51°20′27″N 0°44′55″W / 51.3408°N 0.7485°W