List of Governors of New York

Andrew Cuomo the 56th and current Governor of New York.

The Governor of New York is the head of the executive branch of New York's state government and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces.^[1] The governor has a duty to enforce state laws, to convene the New York legislature,^[1] the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the legislature,^[2] and to grant pardons, except in cases of treason and impeachment.^[3]

Fifty-six individuals have served as governor, four of whom served non-consecutive terms, totaling 60 distinct terms; the official numbering only lists each governor once, so there have officially been fifty-six governors. This numbering includes one acting governor: the lieutenant governor who filled the vacancy after the resignation of the governor, under the 1777 State Constitution.^[4] The list does not include people who have acted as governor when the governor was out of state, such as Lt. Gov. Timothy L. Woodruff during Theodore Roosevelt's vice presidential campaign in 1900, or Acting Speaker of the New York State Assembly Moses M. Weinstein, who acted as governor for ten days in 1968 while the governor, the lieutenant governor, and the senate majority leader were out of the state, attending the Republican National Convention in Miami, Florida.^[5]

Four men have become President of the United States after serving as Governor of New York: Martin Van Buren, Grover Cleveland, Theodore Roosevelt, and Franklin Delano Roosevelt, and six were Vice President of the United States. (Van Buren and Theodore Roosevelt held both offices.) Two governors have been Chief Justice of the United States: John Jay held that position when he was elected governor in 1795, and Charles Evans Hughes became chief justice in 1930, two decades after leaving the governorship.

The longest-serving governor was the first, George Clinton, who first took office on July 30, 1777, and served seven terms in two different periods, totaling just under 21 years in office. (As 18 of those years were consecutive, Clinton also served the longest consecutive period in office for a New York governor.) Charles Poletti had the shortest term, serving 29 days following the resignation of the previous governor in 1942. The current governor is Andrew Cuomo, who took office on January 1, 2011.

Governors

New York was one of the original thirteen colonies, and was admitted as a state on July 26, 1788. Prior to declaring its independence, New York was a colony of the Kingdom of Great Britain, which it in turn obtained from the Dutch as the colony of New Netherland; see the lists of colonial governors and of directors-general of New Netherland for the pre-statehood period.

The office of governor was established by the first New York State Constitution in 1777. The governor was originally for a term of three years,^[6] though the constitution did not specify when the term began. A 1787 law set the start of the term at July 1.^[7] The New York State Constitutional Convention of 1821 amended the state constitution, reducing the term of office to two years,^[8] moving the election to November,^[9] and moving the beginning and the end of the term to coincide with the calendar year.^[10] An 1874 amendment extended the term of office back to three years,^[11] but the 1894 constitution again reduced it to two years.^[12] The most recent constitution of 1938 extended the term to the current four years.^[13] There is no limit to the number of consecutive terms a governor may serve.

The state constitution has provided since 1777 for the election of a lieutenant governor, who is also ex officio president of the state senate, to the same term (keeping the same term lengths as the governor throughout all the constitutional revisions). Originally, in the event of the death, resignation or impeachment of the governor, the lieutenant governor would become acting governor until the end of the yearly legislative term, the office being filled in a special election, if there was a remainder of the term.^[14] Since the 1821 constitution, the lieutenant governor explicitly becomes governor upon such vacancy in the office and serves for the entire remainder of the term.^[15] Should the office of lieutenant governor become vacant, the president pro tempore of the state senate^{[note 1]} performs all the duties of the lieutenant governor until the vacancy is filled either at the next gubernatorial election or by appointment.^{[note 2]} Likewise, should both offices become vacant at the same time, the president pro tempore acts as governor, with the office of lieutenant governor remaining vacant. Should the presidency pro tempore be vacant too, or the incumbent unable to fulfill the duties, the speaker of the assembly is next in the line of succession.^[16] The lieutenant governor is elected on the same ticket as the governor, since 1954 with a single joint vote cast for both offices, but is nominated separately.^[17]

List of governors

Democratic-Republican (9) Federalist (1) Democratic (26) Whig (5) Republican (18)
№	Portrait	Governor		Term of office	Party	Term	Lt. Governor
1			George Clinton July 26, 1739 – April 20, 1812 (aged 72)	July 30, 1777 – June 30, 1795	Democratic– Republican	1		Pierre Van Cortlandt
						2
						3
						4
						5
						6
2			John Jay December 23, 1745 – May 17, 1829 (aged 83)	July 1, 1795 – June 30, 1801	Federalist	7		Stephen Van Rensselaer
2			John Jay December 23, 1745 – May 17, 1829 (aged 83)	July 1, 1795 – June 30, 1801	Federalist	8		Stephen Van Rensselaer
1			George Clinton July 26, 1739 – April 20, 1812 (aged 72)	July 1, 1801 – June 30, 1804	Democratic- Republican	9		Jeremiah Van Rensselaer
3			Morgan Lewis October 16, 1754 – April 7, 1844 (aged 89)	July 1, 1804 – June 30, 1807	Democratic- Republican	10		John Broome
4			Daniel D. Tompkins June 21, 1774 – June 11, 1825 (aged 50)	July 1, 1807 – February 24, 1817	Democratic- Republican ^{[note 3]}	11
						12
								John Tayler
								DeWitt Clinton
						13		John Tayler
5			John Tayler July 4, 1742 – March 19, 1829 (aged 86) (Acting)	February 24, 1817 – June 30, 1817 ^{[note 4]}	Democratic- Republican	13		Philetus Swift
6			DeWitt Clinton March 2, 1769 – February 11, 1828 (aged 58)	July 1, 1817 – December 31, 1822	Democratic- Republican	14		John Tayler
6				July 1, 1817 – December 31, 1822	Democratic- Republican	15		John Tayler
7			Joseph C. Yates November 9, 1768 – March 19, 1837 (aged 68)	January 1, 1823 – December 31, 1824	Democratic- Republican	16		Erastus Root
6			DeWitt Clinton March 2, 1769 – February 11, 1828 (aged 58)	January 1, 1825 – February 11, 1828	Democratic- Republican	17		James Tallmadge, Jr.
6				January 1, 1825 – February 11, 1828	Democratic- Republican	18		Nathaniel Pitcher
8			Nathaniel Pitcher November 30, 1777 – May 25, 1836 (aged 58)	February 11, 1828 – December 31, 1828	Democratic- Republican			Peter R. Livingston
8				February 11, 1828 – December 31, 1828	Democratic- Republican			Charles Dayan
9			Martin Van Buren December 5, 1782 – July 24, 1862 (aged 79)	January 1, 1829 – March 12, 1829	Democratic	19		Enos T. Throop
10			Enos T. Throop August 21, 1784 – November 1, 1874 (aged 90)	March 12, 1829 – December 31, 1832	Democratic	19		Charles Stebbins
						20		William M. Oliver
						21		Edward Philip Livingston
11			William L. Marcy December 12, 1786 – July 4, 1857 (aged 70)	January 1, 1833 – December 31, 1838	Democratic	22		John Tracy
						23
						24
12			William H. Seward May 16, 1801 – October 10, 1872 (aged 71)	January 1, 1839 – December 31, 1842	Whig	25		Luther Bradish
12				January 1, 1839 – December 31, 1842	Whig	26		Luther Bradish
13			William C. Bouck January 7, 1786 – April 19, 1859 (aged 73)	January 1, 1843 – December 31, 1844	Democratic	27		Daniel S. Dickinson
14			Silas Wright May 24, 1795 – August 27, 1847 (aged 52)	January 1, 1845 – December 31, 1846	Democratic	28		Addison Gardiner
15			John Young June 12, 1802 – April 23, 1852 (aged 49)	January 1, 1847 – December 31, 1848	Whig	29		Addison Gardiner
								Albert Lester
								Hamilton Fish
16			Hamilton Fish August 3, 1808 – September 7, 1893 (aged 85)	January 1, 1849 – December 31, 1850	Whig	30		George W. Patterson
17			Washington Hunt August 5, 1811 – February 2, 1867 (aged 55)	January 1, 1851 – December 31, 1852	Whig	31		Sanford E. Church
18			Horatio Seymour May 31, 1810 – February 12, 1886 (aged 75)	January 1, 1853 – December 31, 1854	Democratic	32		Sanford E. Church
19			Myron H. Clark October 23, 1806 – August 23, 1892 (aged 85)	January 1, 1855 – December 31, 1856	Whig (fusion)	33		Henry Jarvis Raymond
20			John Alsop King January 3, 1788 – July 7, 1867 (aged 79)	January 1, 1857 – December 31, 1858	Republican	34		Henry R. Selden
21			Edwin D. Morgan February 8, 1811 – February 14, 1883 (aged 72)	January 1, 1859 – December 31, 1862	Republican	35		Robert Campbell
21				January 1, 1859 – December 31, 1862	Republican	36		Robert Campbell
18			Horatio Seymour May 31, 1810 – February 12, 1886 (aged 75)	January 1, 1863 – December 31, 1864	Democratic	37		David R. Floyd-Jones
22			Reuben Fenton July 4, 1819 – August 25, 1885 (aged 66)	January 1, 1865 – December 31, 1868	Union	38		Thomas G. Alvord
22			Reuben Fenton July 4, 1819 – August 25, 1885 (aged 66)	January 1, 1865 – December 31, 1868	Union	39		Stewart L. Woodford
23			John Thompson Hoffman January 10, 1828 – March 24, 1888 (aged 60)	January 1, 1869 – December 31, 1872	Democratic	40		Allen C. Beach
24			John Adams Dix July 24, 1798 – April 21, 1879 (aged 80)	January 1, 1873 – December 31, 1874	Republican	41		John C. Robinson
25			Samuel J. Tilden February 9, 1814 – August 4, 1886 (aged 72)	January 1, 1875 – December 31, 1876	Democratic	42		William Dorsheimer
26			Lucius Robinson November 4, 1810 – March 23, 1891 (aged 80)	January 1, 1877 – December 31, 1879	Democratic	43 ^{[note 5]}		William Dorsheimer
27			Alonzo B. Cornell January 22, 1832 – October 15, 1904 (aged 72)	January 1, 1880 – December 31, 1882	Republican	44		George Gilbert Hoskins
28			Grover Cleveland March 18, 1837 – June 24, 1908 (aged 71)	January 1, 1883 – January 6, 1885	Democratic	45 ^{[note 6]}		David B. Hill
29			David B. Hill August 29, 1843 – October 20, 1910 (aged 67)	January 6, 1885 – December 31, 1891	Democratic	45 ^{[note 6]}		Dennis McCarthy
						46		Edward F. Jones
						47		Edward F. Jones
30			Roswell P. Flower August 7, 1835 – May 12, 1899 (aged 63)	January 1, 1892 – December 31, 1894	Democratic	48		William F. Sheehan
31			Levi P. Morton May 16, 1824 – May 16, 1920 (aged 96)	January 1, 1895 – December 31, 1896	Republican	49 ^{[note 7]}		Charles T. Saxton
32			Frank S. Black March 8, 1853 – March 22, 1913 (aged 60)	January 1, 1897 – December 31, 1898	Republican	50		Timothy L. Woodruff
33			Theodore Roosevelt October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919 (aged 60)	January 1, 1899 – December 31, 1900	Republican	51		Timothy L. Woodruff
34			Benjamin Barker Odell January 14, 1854 – May 9, 1926 (aged 72)	January 1, 1901 – December 31, 1904	Republican	52		Timothy L. Woodruff
34				January 1, 1901 – December 31, 1904	Republican	53		Frank W. Higgins
35			Frank W. Higgins August 18, 1856 – February 12, 1907 (aged 50)	January 1, 1905 – December 31, 1906	Republican	54		M. Linn Bruce
35				January 1, 1905 – December 31, 1906	Republican	54		John Raines
36			Charles Evans Hughes April 11, 1862 – August 27, 1948 (aged 86)	January 1, 1907 – October 6, 1910	Republican	55		Lewis Stuyvesant Chanler
36				January 1, 1907 – October 6, 1910	Republican	56 ^{[note 8]}		Horace White
37			Horace White October 7, 1865 – November 27, 1943 (aged 78)	October 6, 1910 – December 31, 1910	Republican	56 ^{[note 8]}		George H. Cobb
38			John Alden Dix December 25, 1860 – April 9, 1928 (aged 67)	January 1, 1911 – December 31, 1912	Democratic	57		Thomas F. Conway
39			William Sulzer March 18, 1863 – November 6, 1941 (aged 78)	January 1, 1913 – October 17, 1913	Democratic	58 ^{[note 9]}		Martin H. Glynn
40			Martin H. Glynn September 27, 1871 – December 14, 1924 (aged 53)	October 17, 1913 – December 31, 1914	Democratic	58 ^{[note 9]}		Robert F. Wagner
41			Charles S. Whitman September 29, 1868 – March 29, 1947 (aged 78)	January 1, 1915 – December 31, 1918	Republican	59		Edward Schoeneck
41				January 1, 1915 – December 31, 1918	Republican	60		Edward Schoeneck
42			Al Smith December 30, 1873 – October 4, 1944 (aged 70)	January 1, 1919 – December 31, 1920	Democratic	61		Harry C. Walker
43			Nathan L. Miller October 10, 1868 – June 26, 1953 (aged 84)	January 1, 1921 – December 31, 1922	Republican	62		Jeremiah Wood
43				January 1, 1921 – December 31, 1922	Republican	62		Clayton R. Lusk
42			Al Smith December 30, 1873 – October 4, 1944 (aged 70)	January 1, 1923 – December 31, 1928	Democratic	63		George R. Lunn
						64		Seymour Lowman
						65		Edwin Corning
44			Franklin D. Roosevelt January 30, 1882 – April 12, 1945 (aged 63)	January 1, 1929 – December 31, 1932	Democratic	66		Herbert H. Lehman
44				January 1, 1929 – December 31, 1932	Democratic	67		Herbert H. Lehman
45			Herbert H. Lehman March 28, 1878 – December 5, 1963 (aged 85)	January 1, 1933 – December 3, 1942	Democratic	68		M. William Bray
						69
						70
						71 ^{[note 10]} ^{[note 11]}		Charles Poletti
46			Charles Poletti July 2, 1903 – August 8, 2002 (aged 99)	December 3, 1942 – December 31, 1942	Democratic	71 ^{[note 10]} ^{[note 11]}		Joe R. Hanley
47			Thomas Dewey March 24, 1902 – March 16, 1971 (aged 68)	January 1, 1943 – December 31, 1954	Republican	72		Thomas W. Wallace
						72		Joe R. Hanley
						73		Joe R. Hanley
						74		Frank C. Moore
								Arthur H. Wicks
								Walter J. Mahoney
48			W. Averell Harriman November 15, 1891 – July 26, 1986 (aged 94)	January 1, 1955 – December 31, 1958	Democratic	75		George DeLuca
49			Nelson Rockefeller July 8, 1908 – January 26, 1979 (aged 70)	January 1, 1959 – December 18, 1973	Republican	76		Malcolm Wilson
						77
						78
						79 ^{[note 12]}
50			Malcolm Wilson February 26, 1914 – March 13, 2000 (aged 86)	December 18, 1973 – December 31, 1974	Republican	79 ^{[note 12]}		Warren M. Anderson
51			Hugh Carey April 11, 1919 – August 7, 2011 (aged 92)	January 1, 1975 – December 31, 1982	Democratic	80		Mary Anne Krupsak
51			Hugh Carey April 11, 1919 – August 7, 2011 (aged 92)	January 1, 1975 – December 31, 1982	Democratic	81		Mario Cuomo
52			Mario Cuomo June 15, 1932 – January 1, 2015 (aged 82)	January 1, 1983 – December 31, 1994	Democratic	82		Alfred DelBello
						82		Warren M. Anderson
						83		Stan Lundine
						84		Stan Lundine
53			George Pataki (1945-06-24) June 24, 1945	January 1, 1995 – December 31, 2006	Republican	85		Betsy McCaughey Ross
						86		Mary O. Donohue
						87		Mary O. Donohue
54			Eliot Spitzer (1959-06-10) June 10, 1959	January 1, 2007 – March 17, 2008	Democratic	88 ^{[note 13]}		David Paterson
55			David Paterson (1954-05-20) May 20, 1954	March 17, 2008 – December 31, 2010	Democratic			Joseph Bruno
								Dean Skelos
								Malcolm Smith
								Pedro Espada ^{[note 14]}
								Richard Ravitch (Contested) ^{[note 15]}
								Malcolm Smith ^{[note 16]}
								Richard Ravitch ^{[note 17]}
56			Andrew Cuomo (1957-12-06) December 6, 1957	January 1, 2011 – Incumbent	Democratic	89		Robert Duffy
56			Andrew Cuomo (1957-12-06) December 6, 1957	January 1, 2011 – Incumbent	Democratic	90		Kathy Hochul

Denotes that Governor or Lieutenant Governor was acting.

Other high offices held

This is a table of congressional and other federal offices, and ranking diplomatic positions to foreign countries held by New York governors. All representatives and senators mentioned represented New York.

* Denotes those offices for which the governor resigned the governorship.

† Denotes those offices from which the governor resigned to take the governorship.

Governor	Gubernatorial term	U.S. Congress		Other offices held	Source
Governor	Gubernatorial term	House	Senate	Other offices held	Source
George Clinton	1777–1795 1801–1804			Delegate to the Continental Congress, Vice President of the United States	^[19]
John Jay	1795–1801			President of the Continental Congress, U.S. Secretary for Foreign Affairs, Minister to Spain, Chief Justice of the United States†	^[20]
Daniel D. Tompkins	1807–1817	H		Vice President of the United States*	^[21]
DeWitt Clinton	1817–1822 1825–1828		S		^[22]
Nathaniel Pitcher	1828	H			^[23]
Martin Van Buren	1829		S†	U.S. Secretary of State*, Minister to the United Kingdom, Vice President of the United States, President of the United States	^[24]
Enos T. Throop	1829–1832	H			^[25]
William L. Marcy	1833–1838		S†	U.S. Secretary of War, U.S. Secretary of State	^[26]
William H. Seward	1839–1842		S	U.S. Secretary of State	^[27]
Silas Wright	1845–1846	H	S†		^[28]
John Young	1847–1848	H			^[29]
Hamilton Fish	1849–1850	H	S	U.S. Secretary of State	^[30]
Washington Hunt	1851–1852	H			^[31]
John Alsop King	1857–1858	H			^[32]
Edwin D. Morgan	1859–1862		S		^[33]
Reuben Fenton	1865–1868	H†	S		^[34]
John Adams Dix	1873–1874		S	Minister to France, U.S. Secretary of the Treasury	^[35]
Grover Cleveland	1883–1884			President of the United States*	^[36]
David B. Hill	1885–1891		S		^[37]
Roswell P. Flower	1892–1894	H			^[38]
Levi P. Morton	1895–1896	H		Minister to France, Vice President of the United States	^[39]
Frank S. Black	1897–1898	H†			^[40]
Theodore Roosevelt	1899–1900			Vice President of the United States, President of the United States	^[41]
Benjamin B. Odell, Jr.	1901–1904	H			^[42]
Charles Evans Hughes	1907–1910			U.S. Secretary of State, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court*, Chief Justice of the United States.
William Sulzer	1913	H†			^[43]
Martin H. Glynn	1913–1914	H			^[44]
Franklin D. Roosevelt	1929–1932			President of the United States	^[45]
Herbert H. Lehman	1933–1942		S		^[46]
W. Averell Harriman	1955–1958			U.S. Secretary of Commerce, Ambassador to the United Kingdom, Ambassador to the Soviet Union	^[47]
Nelson Rockefeller	1959–1973			Vice President of the United States	^[48]
Hugh Carey	1975–1982	H†			^[49]
Andrew Cuomo	2011—			U.S. Secretary of Housing and Urban Development

Living former U.S. governors of New York

As of April 2016, there are three former U.S. governors of New York who are currently living at this time, the oldest being George Pataki (served 1995–2006, born 1945). The most recent governor to die was Mario Cuomo (served 1983–1994, born 1932), on January 1, 2015; he is also the most recently serving governor to have died.

Governor	Gubernatorial term	Date of birth (and age)
George Pataki	1995–2006	(1945-06-24) June 24, 1945
Eliot Spitzer	2007–2008	(1959-06-10) June 10, 1959
David Paterson	2008–2010	(1954-05-20) May 20, 1954

Notes

↑ The state constitutions refer to this position as the "temporary president of the senate"
↑ On September 22, 2009, the New York Court of Appeals upheld the right of the governor to appoint a lieutenant governor to fill the vacancy.
↑ Resigned to be Vice President of the United States.
↑ Under the Constitution of 1777, Tayler was acting governor until the end of the legislative year.
↑ As per an 1874 amendment to the constitution (taking effect January 1, 1875), Robinson's term was the first to last three years instead of two. As Tilden had been elected prior to the amendment taking effect, he served the old two-year term.^[18]
↑ Resigned to be President of the United States.
↑ As per the 1894 constitution, Morton's term was the first to last two years instead of three.
↑ Resigned to be an Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.
↑ Impeached and removed from office for campaign contribution fraud.
↑ As per the 1938 constitution, Lehman's fourth term, commencing January 1, 1939, was the first scheduled to last four years instead of two.
↑ Resigned to be Director of Foreign Relief and Rehabilitation Operations at the U.S. Department of State
↑ Resigned to devote himself to his Commission on Critical Choices for Americans.
↑ Spitzer resigned due to a prostitution scandal
↑ Espada is a Democrat, but combined with the Republicans in a change of leadership which triggered the 2009 New York State Senate leadership crisis.
↑ Ravitch was appointed on July 8, 2009, but the appointment was contested in the courts. On August 20, the Appellate Division rejected the appointment, and Ravitch de facto vacated the office.
↑ Smith succeeded Espada on July 9 as Temporary President of the New York State Senate, and claimed to be Acting Lt. Gov. under the provisions of the New York State Constitution while the appointment of Ravitch was contested. Smith was de facto the sole occupant of the office from August 20 to September 22.
↑ On September 22, the New York Court of Appeals reversed the Appellate Division's ruling, and thus re-instated Ravitch to the lieutenant governorship, beginning de jure on July 8.

References

General

"Governors of New York". State of New York. Retrieved March 28, 2008.
"Governors Database: New York". National Governors Association. National Governors Association. 2008. Archived from the original on November 1, 2007. Retrieved March 28, 2008.
Jenkins, John Stilwell (1851). Lives of the Governors of the State of New York. Auburn N.Y.: Derby and Miller. p. 862.

Constitutions

"New York Constitution". New York Department of State. Retrieved July 12, 2010.
"1777 New York Constitution of New York". The Historical Society of the Courts of the State of New York. Retrieved July 12, 2010.
"1821 New York Constitution". The Historical Society of the Courts of the State of New York. Retrieved July 12, 2010.
"1894 New York Constitution". The Historical Society of the Courts of the State of New York. Retrieved July 12, 2010.

Specific

1 2 New York Constitution article IV, § 3
↑ New York Constitution article IV, § 7
↑ New York Constitution article IV, § 4
↑ "Governors of New York". State of New York. Retrieved March 28, 2008.
↑ McFadden, Robert D. (December 3, 2007). "Moses Weinstein, 95, Legislator and Judge, Dies". The New York Times. Retrieved September 7, 2008.
↑ 1777 New York Constitution article XVIII
↑ "Governors of New York". New York Department of State. Retrieved March 28, 2008.
↑ 1821 New York Constitution article III, § 1
↑ 1821 New York Constitution article I, § 15
↑ 1821 New York Constitution article I, § 16
↑ John Joseph Lalor, ed. (1883). "New York". Cyclopædia of Political Science, Political Economy, and the Political History of the United States II. Chicago: Melbert B. Cary & Company. p. 1017. Retrieved March 28, 2008.
↑ 1894 New York Constitution article IV, § 1
↑ New York Constitution article IV, § 1
↑ 1777 New York Constitution article X
↑ New York Constitution article IV § 5
↑ New York Constitution article IV § 6
↑ "Executive Branch of the Several States". The Green Papers. Retrieved March 28, 2008.
↑ Lincoln, Charles Z. (1906). The Constitutional History of New York II. Rochester, New York: The Lawyers Co-Operative Publishing Company. p. 512. ISBN 0-8476-9431-3. Retrieved March 28, 2008.
↑ "Clinton, George". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. July 12, 2010.
↑ "John Jay". The Supreme Court Historical Society. Archived from the original on July 10, 2010. Retrieved July 13, 2010.
↑ "Tompkins, Daniel D.". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. July 12, 2010.
↑ "Clinton, DeWitt". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. July 12, 2010.
↑ "Pitcher, Nathaniel". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. July 12, 2010.
↑ "Martin, Van Buren". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. March 28, 2008.
↑ "Throop, Enos Thompson". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. July 12, 2010.
↑ "March, William Learned". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. March 28, 2008.
↑ "Seward, William Henry". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. July 12, 2010.
↑ "Wright, Silas Jr.". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. March 28, 2008.
↑ "Young John". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. July 12, 2010.
↑ "Fish, Hamilton". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. July 12, 2010.
↑ "Hunt, Washington". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. July 12, 2010.
↑ "King, John Alsop". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. July 12, 2010.
↑ "Morgan, Edwin Denison". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. July 12, 2010.
↑ "Fenton, Reuben Eaton". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. March 28, 2008.
↑ "Dix, John Adams". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. July 12, 2010.
↑ "Grover Cleveland". The White House. Retrieved July 12, 2010.
↑ "Hill, David Bennett". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. July 12, 2010.
↑ "Flower, Roswell Pettibone". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. July 12, 2010.
↑ "Morton, Levi Parsons". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. July 12, 2010.
↑ "Black, Frank Swett". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. March 28, 2008.
↑ "Theodore Roosevelt". The White House. Retrieved July 12, 2010.
↑ "Odell, Benjamin Barker". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. July 12, 2010.
↑ "Sulzer, William". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. March 28, 2008.
↑ "Glynn, Martin Henry". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. July 12, 2010.
↑ "Franklin D. Roosevelt". The White House. Retrieved July 12, 2008.
↑ "Lehman, Herbert Henry". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. July 12, 2010.
↑ "Averell Harriman". HistoryCenteral.com. Retrieved July 12, 2010.
↑ "Rockefeller, Nelson Aldrich". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. July 12, 2010.
↑ "Carey, Hugh Leo". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. March 28, 2008.

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Office of the Governor of New York

Governors and Lieutenant Governors of New York

Governors	G. Clinton Jay G. Clinton Lewis Tompkins Tayler D. Clinton Yates D. Clinton Pitcher Van Buren Throop Marcy Seward Bouck Wright Young Fish Hunt Seymour Clark King Morgan Seymour Fenton Hoffman J. Adams Dix Tilden Robinson Cornell Cleveland Hill Flower Morton Black T. Roosevelt Odell Higgins Hughes White J. Alden Dix Sulzer Glynn Whitman Smith Miller Smith F. Roosevelt Lehman Poletti Dewey Harriman Rockefeller Wilson Carey M. Cuomo Pataki Spitzer Paterson A. Cuomo

Lieutenant Governors	Van Cortlandt S. Van Rensselaer J. Van Rensselaer Broome Tayler Clinton Tayler Swift Tayler Root Tallmadge Pitcher P. Livingston Dayan Throop Stebbins Oliver E. Livingston Tracy Bradish Dickinson Gardiner Lester Fish Patterson Church Raymond Selden Campbell Floyd-Jones Alvord Woodford Beach Robinson Dorsheimer Hoskins Hill McCarthy Jones Sheehan Saxton Woodruff Higgins Bruce Raines Chanler White Cobb Conway Glynn Wagner Schoeneck Walker Wood Lusk Lunn Lowman Corning Lehman Bray Poletti Hanley Wallace Hanley Moore Wicks Mahoney DeLuca Wilson Anderson Krupsak Cuomo DelBello Anderson Lundine McCaughey Donohue Paterson Bruno Skelos Smith Espada Ravitch Duffy Hochul

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Years in New York (1788–present)

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