Grace Cathedral, San Francisco

Grace Cathedral

Grace Cathedral in 2009

Cathedral and adjacent (right) headquarters of the Episcopal Diocese of California
Location of Grace Cathedral in San Francisco
Basic information
Location
Geographic coordinates States 37°47′30″N 122°24′47″W / 37.79167°N 122.41306°W / 37.79167; -122.41306Coordinates: States 37°47′30″N 122°24′47″W / 37.79167°N 122.41306°W / 37.79167; -122.41306
Affiliation Episcopal Diocese of California
District Nob Hill
State California
Region United States
Ecclesiastical or organizational status Cathedral
Status Active
Leadership Malcolm Clemens Young (dean elect[1])
Website Official website
Architect(s) Lewis P. Hobart[2]
Architectural style French Gothic[2]
Groundbreaking 1928[2]
Completed 1964[2]
Specifications
Direction of façade East
Length 329 feet (100 m)[3]
Width 162 feet (49 m)[3]
Height (max)

174 feet (53 m)[3]

Designated 5 August 1984[4]
Reference no. 170
Three-quarters view of cathedral

Grace Cathedral is an Episcopal cathedral on Nob Hill, San Francisco, California. It is the cathedral church of the Episcopal Diocese of California.

The cathedral is famed for its mosaics by Jan Henryk De Rosen,[5] a replica of Ghiberti's Gates of Paradise, two labyrinths, varied stained glass windows, Keith Haring AIDS Chapel altarpiece, and medieval and contemporary furnishings, as well as its forty-four bell carillon, three organs, and choirs.

The cathedral has one of only seven remaining Episcopal men and boys cathedral choirs, the Grace Cathedral Choir of Men and Boys, along with two other choirs with its corresponding boys K-8 Cathedral School for Boys. Its director of music and choirmaster is Ben Bachmann.

The Very Reverend Alan Jones retired as dean in 2009.[6] He was also the moderator of The Forum at Grace Cathedral. In 2010, the Rev. Canon Jane Shaw was installed as the eighth dean of Grace Cathedral.[7] She left Grace Cathedral in September 2014 to become to Dean for Religious Life and Professor of Religious Studies at Stanford University[8] In 2015, the Rev. Malcolm Clemens Young became the ninth Dean of Grace Cathedral.[1]

History

From California Street

The cathedral's ancestral parish, Grace Church, was founded in 1849 during the California Gold Rush. The cathedral is the daughter of the historic Grace Church. The first little chapel was built in the gold rush year of 1849 and the imposing third church, for a time called Grace "cathedral", was destroyed in the fire following the 1906 earthquake. The family of a railroad baron and banker, William Henry Crocker, gave their ruined Nob Hill property for a diocesan cathedral,[9] which took its name and founding congregation from the nearby parish.

In 1865, Mark Twain published (in The Californian newspaper) purported private correspondence between himself and potential short-term rectors,[10][11] satirizing the church's efforts to find a short-term rector in the 1860s and 1870s. Among the short-term rectors were roll film inventor Hannibal Goodwin and James Smith Bush, the great-grandfather of former US President George H. W. Bush and great-great-grandfather of former US President George W. Bush.[12]

Dean J. Wilmer Gresham nurtured the young cathedral and work began on the present structure in 1928. Designed in French Gothic style by Lewis P. Hobart, it was completed in 1964 as the third largest Episcopal cathedral in the nation.

On March 28, 1964, Martin Luther King, Jr. gave a sermon at Grace Cathedral as part of the festival celebrating its completion and consecration. The service took place on the fourth Sunday of Lent. Approximately 5,000 people were present to hear King's sermon. It was the largest gathering at the cathedral for the next 37 years, until the September 11, 2001, memorial service took place.[13]

Works by Jan Henryk De Rosen

Grace Cathedral has a significant collection of varied works by Jan Henryk De Rosen.[5] Among these are a faux-tile mural behind the Chapel of Grace reredos from 1932, the mural in the Chapel of the Nativity's Adoration from 1946 showing the Holy Family with the magi and shepherds. At the donor's request, the original angels hovering above were removed by the artist, however constellations still mark their place. De Rosen also included a little image of his boyhood home in Warsaw in the mural.[5] On a smaller scale, De Rosen painted exquisite panels for the original old high altar which is now in the Chapel of St. Francis columbarium.

The most visible works of De Rosen in Grace Cathedral are the historical aisle murals that were painted in 1949 and 1950 and composed in a style blending elements of the early Italian masters Giotto and Mantegna.[5]

Ghiberti doors

Ghiberti doors

The cathedral entrance has a large pair of doors, often called the "Ghiberti doors". They are reproductions of the doors of the Florence Baptistry by Lorenzo Ghiberti, also dubbed the "Gates of Paradise".[14]

Detail of the doors

In 1943, the Nazi occupation government ordered the original doors to be removed from the Florence baptistry, along with other portable artworks, to protect them from bombing and possibly to give Hermann Göring a chance to add them to his collection.[15] They were hidden in a disused railway tunnel until 1944, and latex casts were made after their rediscovery. The replica doors were cast in 1956 from molds of the original doors and were destined for a war memorial, but when financing for the memorial fell through, San Francisco philanthropist Charles D. Field bought these replicas, and they were then shipped to San Francisco and installed on the newly completed church in time for its official dedication in 1964.[14][15]

The original Ghiberti doors are no longer installed in the baptistry as corrosion and weathering led conservators to decide that they must be preserved in a museum under a totally dry and controlled atmosphere. The doors now in the baptistry are also modern replicas installed in 1991.[15]

Labyrinths

Labyrinth in Grace Cathedral, San Francisco, 2013
Labyrinth inside Grace Cathedral

Laid out on the floor of Grace Cathedral is a labyrinth that is based on the famous medieval labyrinth of Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Chartres (The Cathedral of Our Lady of Chartres) located in Chartres, France.[16] It is said that if a visitor walks the pattern of the labyrinth it will bring them to a meditative state. There is also another labyrinth outside of the cathedral in its courtyards.

Windows

Contained in the cathedral are 7,290 square feet (677 m2) of stained glass windows by noted artists that depict over 1100 figures ranging from Adam and Eve to Albert Einstein.[17] 32 windows or window groups, dating from 1930 to 1966, were designed by American Charles Connick and his Boston studio. Connick windows include the Chapel of Grace and baptistry window series that contains over 32,000 pieces of glass and covers nearly 833 square feet (77.4 m2).[18] The cathedral also contains 24 faceted windows by Gabriel Loire of Chartres, France, including the Human Endeavor series depicting John Glenn, Thurgood Marshall, Jane Addams, Robert Frost, and Einstein. Between 1995-1998 several of the cathedral's choir and aisle windows were restored by Reflection Studios of Emeryville, California.[17]

Carillon

The carillon was the gift of Nathaniel T. Coulson, a San Francisco dentist and realtor who came from Lostwithiel in Cornwall. When Coulson first arrived in San Francisco in 1875, he found his way to Grace Church, which lacked a bell tower. Although a Methodist, he vowed to provide bells for the church and eventually spent his life savings to realize his dream and to erect the Singing (north) Tower to house them.[19] The carillon consists of forty-four bronze bells, cast and tuned at the Gillett & Johnston Foundry of Croydon, England, in 1938. The bells arrived before the cathedral tower was completed, so they spent their first years on Treasure Island in San Francisco Bay as the centerpiece of the 1939-40 Golden Gate International Exposition. The carillon was first played from its Singing Tower home on Christmas Eve, 1940, and was formally dedicated in 1943. The bells have been rung to mark a number of important events, including D-Day and the centenary of the San Francisco cable car system.[20]

In popular culture

Grace Cathedral front façade

Notable photographer Ansel Adams produced a series of photographs of the uncompleted cathedral in 1935.[21]

"Grace Cathedral Park" is the first song on Red House Painters' first self-titled album.

"Grace Cathedral Hill" is Track 7 on The Decemberists' Castaways and Cutouts album. It recounts a New Year's Eve experience in which the singer and his sullen (presumably grieving) female companion visit the church to light candles.

Alfred Hitchcock filmed an abduction scene for his final film, Family Plot, in the cathedral in 1975. It also appeared in The Pleasure of His Company (1961), Bullitt (1968), Time After Time (1979), and Bicentennial Man (1999).[22]

Armistead Maupin's iconic Tales of the City series has an Episcopal cannibal cult operating out of Grace Cathedral as one of its sub-plots. In the TV adaptation, Maupin plays a cameo role as a priest of Grace Cathedral, but the cathedral interiors were actually filmed in Montreal.

Jazz pianist Vince Guaraldi recorded The Grace Cathedral Concert at the cathedral on 21 May 1965.[23][24]

Duke Ellington performed his televised Concert of Sacred Music at the cathedral on September 26, 1965.[24]

List of deans

As of 2016 Grace Cathedral has had nine deans.[25]

References

  1. 1 2 "Grace Cathedral Announces the 9th Dean". Grace Cathedral. 2015. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Get to Know Us". Grace Cathedral. 2015. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  3. 1 2 3 "Grace Cathedral". Structurae. 10 September 2014. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  4. ↑ "City of San Francisco Designated Landmarks". City of San Francisco. January 2003. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Lampen, Michael (19 September 1997). "Tales from the Crypt—John De Rosen: Mural Master". Grace Cathedral. Archived from the original on 6 October 2002. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  6. ↑ Jones, Alan. "Biography". Dean Alan Jones. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  7. ↑ "The Very Rev. Dr. Jane Shaw, Dean of Grace Cathedral". Grace Cathedral. 2014. Archived from the original on 25 June 2014. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  8. ↑ "An Announcement from Grace Cathedral". Grace Cathedral. 21 July 2014. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  9. ↑ Grimes, Lyman (28 May 1911). "New Grace Cathedral Most Imposing Church In The West.". The San Francisco Sunday Call. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  10. ↑ Twain, Mark (6 May 1865). "Important Correspondence". The Californian (San Francisco). Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  11. ↑ Twain, Mark (13 May 1865). "Further Of Mr. Mark Twain's Important Correspondence". The Californian (San Francisco). Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  12. ↑ Lampen, Michael (21 February 2001). "Years of Grace, Part I: Chapel to "Cathedral"". Grace Cathedral. Archived from the original on 6 October 2002. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  13. ↑ "Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Preaches at Grace Cathedral in 1965". Grace Cathedral. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
  14. 1 2 Kane, Will (18 June 2012). "Grace Cathedral repica doors a doorway to Italy". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  15. 1 2 3 Lampen, Michael (3 July 1996). "Tales from the Crypt—The Gates of Paradise". Grace Cathedral. Archived from the original on 6 October 2002. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  16. ↑ Artress, Lauren (1 July 1997). "Tales from the Crypt—The Labyrinths of Grace". Grace Cathedral. Archived from the original on 6 October 2002. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  17. 1 2 Lampen, Michael (14 January 1997). "Tales from the Crypt—Divine Light". Grace Cathedral. Archived from the original on 6 October 2002. Retrieved 2009-11-13.
  18. ↑ Lampen, Michael (2004). "Gospel in Glass". Grace Cathedral. Retrieved 2009-11-13.
  19. ↑ Baldwin, Rosa Lee (1940). The Bells Shall Ring: An Account of the Chime Bells of Grace Cathedral. San Francisco: James J. Gillick, Inc. OCLC 2009825.
  20. ↑ Lampen, Michael (1 July 1998). "The Bells Shall Ring". Grace Cathedral. Archived from the original on 30 September 2008. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  21. ↑ "Ansel Adams at Grace Cathedral". Grace Cathedral. 2015. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  22. ↑ Lampen, Michael (13 February 2002). "Cathedral of Imagination: Grace Cathedral in Film and Fiction". Grace Cathedral. Archived from the original on 30 September 2008. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  23. ↑ Payne, Douglas (1 August 1997). "Review: Vince Guaraldi / Cal Tjader: The Grace Cathedral Concert". All About Jazz. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  24. 1 2 "Grace Cathedral Discography". Grace Cathedral. 2015. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  25. ↑ "Grace Cathedral Dean Search Profile" (PDF). Grace Cathedral. 30 October 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 December 2014. Retrieved 9 March 2016.

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