Gradisca d'Isonzo

Gradisca d'Isonzo
Comune
Città di Gradisca d'Isonzo

Main street with town hall (left)

Coat of arms
Gradisca d'Isonzo

Location of Gradisca d'Isonzo in Italy

Coordinates: 45°53′N 13°30′E / 45.883°N 13.500°E / 45.883; 13.500Coordinates: 45°53′N 13°30′E / 45.883°N 13.500°E / 45.883; 13.500
Country Italy
Region Friuli-Venezia Giulia
Province / Metropolitan city Gorizia
Government
  Mayor Linda Tomasinsig
Area
  Total 10 km2 (4 sq mi)
Elevation 32 m (105 ft)
Population (2008)
  Total 6,603
  Density 660/km2 (1,700/sq mi)
Demonym(s) Gradiscani
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
  Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code 34072
Dialing code 0481
Patron saint Sts. Peter and Paul
Saint day June 29
Website Official website

Gradisca d'Isonzo (Friulian: Gardiscja or Gardiscje, Slovene: Gradišče ob Soči, archaic German: Gradis am Sontig) is a town and comune of the Province of Gorizia in Friuli-Venezia Giulia.

Geography

The municipality is located in north-eastern Italy on the right bank of the Isonzo River, about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) southwest of Gorizia. It received town privileges on 14 July 1936. As of 2011, the population of Gradisca is about 6,580.

The town is an important centre of the Friulian culture in the Julian Venetia region.

History

The town's name is a Slavic toponym: in archaic Slovene, gradišče (cf. gord) was a term indicating a fortified site or a ruin and is a widespread toponym in the Slovene Lands. The strategic important area on the Isonzo River was probably already settled in Roman times and under the Lombard kingdom, later exposed to the attacks by Hungarian forces on Northern Italy.

Gradisca Castle

The rural settlement of Gradisca is mentioned for the first time in 1176, when it had a mixed population of Slavic and Latin origin. It then belonged to the estate of Farra, held by the Patriarchs of Aquileia. From 1420 onwards their lands were gradually conquered by the Republic of Venice, annexed and incorporated into the Venetian Domini di Terraferma in 1473. The Venetians fortified Gradisca as a bastion against Ottoman raids, then part of a massive defence line along the Isonzo River relying on plans designed by Leonardo da Vinci.

During the War of the League of Cambrai against Venice, Gradisca was conquered by Emperor Maximilian I in 1511, and thenceforth it was a Habsburg possession ruled within the County of Gorizia as part of the Inner Austrian lands. In 1615 a Venetian attempt to reconquer it initiated the War of Gradisca. The town was however kept by the Imperial House of Habsburg; in 1647 Emperor Ferdinand III made it the capital of an autonomous County of Gradisca and sold the territory to his confident John Anthony of Eggenberg. The Eggenberg dynasty, formally elevated to Princes of the Holy Roman Empire in 1654, held Gradisca until 1717, enlarging and enriching it constantly as a princely residence.

With the extinction of the Eggenbergs, the county returned to the House of Habsburg, being re-united with the remaining County of Gorizia. The union resulted in the creation of the Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca in 1754, which existed until the dissolution of Austria-Hungary in 1918. The town remained in the Cisleithanian side after the Compromise of 1867 as head of the district of the same name (GRADISCA), one of the 11 Bezirkshauptmannschaften in the Austrian Littoral province.[1]

During Austrian domination, the town retained its predominantly Italian character. According to the last Austrian census of 1910, 60,0% of the population of the town spoke Italian or Friulian, 13,8% spoke Slovene and a mere 2,3% spoke German as their first language.[2]

In 1914, at the outbreak of World War I, the population of Gradisca fought under Austria-Hungary. In 1921 the town became part of Italy.

Main sights

See also

References

  1. Die postalischen Abstempelungen auf den österreichischen Postwertzeichen-Ausgaben 1867, 1883 und 1890, Wilhelm KLEIN, 1967
  2. http://www.sistory.si/publikacije/prenos/?urn=SISTORY:ID:836

External links

Media related to Gradisca d'Isonzo at Wikimedia Commons

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